Government Of Niger Research Articles

The United States Designates the Overthrow of Niger's Government a “Coup d'Etat”

The United States Designates the Overthrow of Niger's Government a “Coup d'Etat”

Saving the Last West African Giraffe Population: A Review of Its Conservation Status and Management.

The West African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) was historically spread across much of the Sudano-Sahelian zone but is now restricted to Niger. Several factors resulted in their dramatic decline during the late 20th century. In 1996, only 49 individuals remained, concentrated in the 'Giraffe Zone'. Conservation activities implemented by the Government of Niger, supported by local communities and NGOs, facilitated their population numbers to increase. This review summarizes past and present conservation activities and evaluates their impact to advise and prioritize future conservation actions for the West African giraffe. The long-term conservation of the West African giraffe is highly dependent on the local communities who live alongside them, as well as supplementary support from local and international partners. Recent conservation initiatives range from community-based monitoring to the fitting of GPS satellite tags to better understand their habitat use, spatial movements to expansion areas, and environmental education to the establishment of the first satellite population of West African giraffe in Gadabedji Biosphere Reserve, the latter serving as a flagship for the future restoration of large mammal populations in West Africa. The integration of modern technologies and methods will hopefully provide better-quality data, improved spatial analyses, and greater understanding of giraffe ecology to inform the long-term management of West African giraffe.

The effects of a peripartum strategy to prevent and treat primary postpartum haemorrhage at health facilities in Niger: a longitudinal, 72-month study

Primary postpartum haemorrhage is the principal cause of birth-related maternal mortality in most settings and has remained persistently high in severely resource-constrained countries. We evaluate the impact of an intervention that aims to halve maternal mortality caused by primary postpartum haemorrhage within 2 years, nationwide in Niger. In this 72-month longitudinal study, we analysed the effects of a primary postpartum haemorrhage intervention in hospitals and health centres in Niger, using data on maternal birth outcomes assessed and recorded by the facilities' health professionals and reported once per month at the national level. Reported data were monitored, compiled, and analysed by a non-governmental organisation collaborating with the Ministry of Health. All births in all health facilities in which births occurred, nationwide, were included, with no exclusion criteria. After a preintervention survey, brief training, and supplies distribution, Niger implemented a nationwide primary postpartum haemorrhage prevention and three-step treatment strategy using misoprostol, followed if needed by an intrauterine condom tamponade, and a non-inflatable anti-shock garment, with a specific set of organisational public health tools, aiming to reduce primary postpartum haemorrhage mortality. Among 5 382 488 expected births, 2 254 885 (41·9%) occurred in health facilities, of which information was available on 1 380 779 births from Jan 1, 2015, to Dec 31, 2020, with reporting increasing considerably over time. Primary postpartum mortality decreased from 82 (32·16%; 95% CI 25·58-39·92) of 255 health facility maternal deaths in the 2013 preintervention survey to 146 (9·53%; 8·05-11·21) of 1532 deaths among 343 668 births in 2020. Primary postpartum haemorrhage incidence varied between 1900 (2·10%; 2·01-2·20) of 90 453 births and 4758 (1·47%; 1·43-1·52) of 322 859 births during 2015-20, an annual trend of 0·98 (95% CI 0·97-0·99; p<0·0001). Primary postpartum haemorrhage morbidity and mortality declined rapidly nationwide. Because each treatment technology that was used has shown some efficacy when used alone, a strategic combination of these treatments can reasonably attain outcomes of this magnitude. Niger's strategy warrants testing in other low-income and perhaps some middle-income settings. The Government of Norway, the Government of Niger, the Kavli Trust (Kavlifondet), the InFiL Foundation, and individuals in Norway, the UK, and the USA. For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

An Integrating Model for Rapid Reduction of Maternal Mortality Due to Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage - Novel Use of the Catalyst Approach to Public Health.

On average 16%-53% of maternal deaths are from postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), with confidence intervals for Eastern Asia reaching beyond 60%. Success in preventing PPH mortality across many large low-resource populations has been fairly limited. Niger's government and an international non-governmental organization (NGO) have developed a model aiming to rapidly reduce primary postpartum haemorrhage mortality, combining relatively new technologies, misoprostol, condom tamponade, and non- inflatable anti-shock garment, with systematic measurement of blood loss and a set of traditional public health tools that constitute the Catalyst Approach to Public Health, with action steps for each phase if haemorrhage occurs. This paper describes each component and testing of the hypothesis that the model can effectively reduce PPH mortality on a national scale. The Niger model is a 'complex intervention' aiming to maximise impact from existing health system resources even in remote areas. The broad applicability of Niger's approach to address a serious global public health problem, and its innovative nature warrant describing the model itself, with results to be published separately. Combining this set of individually proven technologies and a set of organisational tools from disease eradication settings as a single 'complex intervention', has to our knowledge not been described before.

Business diplomacy: asymmetry and symmetry of power in negotiations between multi-nationals and governments in the case of Areva and Niger

This article is a case study that examines the asymmetry of power between the Government of Niger and Areva concerning the renewal of their partnership, which lasted 40 years. The weakness and instability of the state of Niger, and a deficit in terms of democracy and transparency are factors which long influenced negotiations between the two actors and determined the distribution of power between them. But results show that change because it is the first time that the country has made such a breakthrough in negotiations about its uranium deposits.

Interview with Abdoulaye Kaka

AbstractThe Review has chosen to open this edition with an interview with General Abdoulaye Kaka as a representative of State practice in counterterrorism detention. The journal chose to focus on Niger as a State that is affected by an ongoing armed conflict and which arrests, detains and tries suspected members of a non-State armed group under its domestic legal system.General Abdoulaye Kaka has been working as Head of Niger's Central Counterterrorism Agency (Service Central de Lutte Contre le Terrorisme) since 2014. He previously worked for the judicial police in Niger as head of the anti-gang section before opening the first office of the judicial police in Zinder. General Kaka worked for the United Nations (UN) police forces in Ivory Coast between 2006 and 2012, when he became the Commander-in-Chief of the Niger UN police forces.In his current role as Head of the Central Counterterrorism Agency, General Kaka oversees detention operations throughout the country, many of which involve suspected members of the group that calls itself Islamic State's West Africa Province (ISWAP), also known as Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad or, as it is most widely known under its former name, Boko Haram.Niger has suffered the effects of the ongoing conflict between ISWAP and State forces in the Lake Chad region, resulting in casualties, arrests and repeated displacement among civilians. The government of Niger contributes troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force, which conducts operations against the group. At the same time, the government arrests and detains suspected members of ISWAP as part of its counterterrorism efforts. These detention operations are coordinated by the Central Counterterrorism Agency. Established in 2011, the Central Counterterrorism Agency, successor to the counterterrorism section of the judicial police, is made up of representatives from the three primary law enforcement organizations in the country – the national police, the national guard and the gendarmerie – and is principally responsible for counterterrorism investigations in Niger.In Niger, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) helps people affected by conflict in the south-east or fleeing fighting in north-east Nigeria. With the Niger Red Cross, the ICRC delivers aid, treats the wounded, provides water and supports farmers. The ICRC also monitors compliance with international humanitarian law, visits detainees and helps them to maintain contact with their families.The ICRC visits people held by the authorities in at least five places of detention in Niger. After the visits, the ICRC shares its findings on the treatment and living conditions of the detainees confidentially with the authorities and urges them to take steps to address concerns. The ICRC also helps bolster prison management capacities and health services for detainees through technical and material support, and round-table discussions on these topics. The ICRC helps detainees, particularly minors, maintain contact with their families. At the request of foreign detainees, the ICRC informs their families or consular representatives of their detention. Lastly, the ICRC covers transportation costs for security detainees returning home after their release.

Évaluation du potentiel de dix accessions de &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; L. (Euphorbiaceae) au Niger

Objective: A trial of the ten accessions for J curcas was carried out at regional Agricultural Research Center of Maradi in Niger, with aim to evaluate the performance of Jatropha curcas accessions.Methodology and results: Each accession was represented by two rows and each row has 15 plant trees of J. curcas. Data on the rate of survival and growth parameters of each tree were collected. Results revealed that there is no significant difference between accessions tested for height and diameter. Accessions Katil 13 and GB 14 respectively originated from Mali and Bisseau Guinea were best adapted for the Niger conditions. The yield value of 511 and 445 kg per hectare respectively obtained from Katil 13 and GB 14 in 2012.Conclusion and application of results: The Government of Niger has drawn attention to this crop and has launched a J. curcas plantation for seed production of 150 ha at Guessalbodi. National Research Institution. NGOs are also involved in J. curcas plantation for biofuel use.Keywords: Jatropha curcas adaptation; yield; Niger.

Évaluation du potentiel de dix accessions de &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; L. (Euphorbiaceae) au Niger

Objective: A trial of the ten accessions for J curcas was carried out at regional Agricultural Research Center of Maradi in Niger, with aim to evaluate the performance of Jatropha curcas accessions.Methodology and results: Each accession was represented by two rows and each row has 15 plant trees of J. curcas. Data on the rate of survival and growth parameters of each tree were collected. Results revealed that there is no significant difference between accessions tested for height and diameter. Accessions Katil 13 and GB 14 respectively originated from Mali and Bisseau Guinea were best adapted for the Niger conditions. The yield value of 511 and 445 kg per hectare respectively obtained from Katil 13 and GB 14 in 2012.Conclusion and application of results: The Government of Niger has drawn attention to this crop and has launched a J. curcas plantation for seed production of 150 ha at Guessalbodi. National Research Institution. NGOs are also involved in J. curcas plantation for biofuel use.Keywords: Jatropha curcas adaptation; yield; Niger.

News and Notes

News and Notes

Cell Phones and Oracles: Legal Globalization Meets the Marabout's Mystical Justice in the West African Republic of Niger

The West African Republic of Niger, like many countries in the developing world, is in the midst of a root and branch revision of its legal system with the aim of bringing it into conformity with global - and by global, of course, we mean Western - legal norms. The law that exists in Niger today is a mixed bag of African and Western, traditional and modern, religious and secular. However, the vast majority of Niger's people, particularly its rural people, ignores the Western, modern, and secular aspects of the country's law and governs its affairs according to longstanding tradition. In spite of the population's preference for traditional law, Niger's government, under the influence of Western donor countries and international financial institutions, appears determined to phase it out in favor of a legal system that is more consistent with and acceptable to the globalized world. Much of this paper will be devoted to describing a particular aspect of Niger's popular, contemporary, non-Western law: the use of magio-religious oracles to identify wrongdoers and resolve disputes. The paper will then argue that Niger's current approach to state legal reform - an approach dictated largely by the West - is flawed because it is rooted in a fundamentally foreign conception of law and justice, and because it fails to take account of existing practices and beliefs such as the reliance on oracles. The paper concludes that the effort - in Niger and elsewhere - to introduce modern law will fail unless it is sufficiently flexible to recognize and make use of traditional methods of achieving justice.

Ethnography, Export Marketing Policy, and Economic Development in Niger

Abstract This study shows the value of ethnographic research in driving marketing policy in Third World economic development. In the controversy surrounding the World Bank’s Structural Adjustment Program, the government of Niger and its multilateral partners sought to identify policy interventions that would promote export marketing growth. The study aims for a programmatic evaluation of onion marketing in West Africa. In addition, it assesses the distribution of benefits to participants in the marketing channel and evaluates widespread negative perceptions of marketing intermediaries.

Les girafes du Niger, dernières girafes d’Afrique de l’Ouest

The giraffes of Niger are the last West African giraffes. This last remaining population, reduced to less than 100 individuals, is found in the Koure area and the northern part of the Dallol Bosso, one hundred kilometres East of Niamey. These giraffes live peacefully with humans and cattle, in a non-protected area, without predators. They are threatened by the clearing of their habitat and by poaching. Over the course of the year 1996, more than 30 % of the individuals disappeared, largely due to the numerous captures ordered by the government of Niger. At the end of 1996, a land use management project based on the giraffes’ conservation was implemented in their living area. This project made possible the protection and reconstitution of the giraffe population. The balanced sex-ratio and significant birth-rate gives the present population a very good grounding for expansion provided that adequate protection and valorization policies are maintained. Heightened public awareness of the population in general and the political leaders of Niger in particular, is also an important factor. The expansion of this population will be possible only within the framework of an economic development program based on the conservation and valorization of natural resources, on the one hand, and on the management of these resources by local rural communities on the other hand. This article introduces the history of the giraffes’ presence in West Africa and the recent demographic evolution of the population of giraffes in Niger.

Research note: does cost recovery for curative care affect preventive care utilization?

Findings are presented from cost recovery pilot tests implemented by the government of Niger, with technical assistance from USAID's Health Financing and Sustainability (HFS) Project, in the primary health care sector in Boboye and Say districts during 1993-94. The tests focused upon the use of free prenatal care for pregnant women. Two different payment methods were tested along with interventions to improve the quality of care. An annual adult tax plus a small fee-per-episode at the time of use were assessed in Boboye, while a straight fee-per-episode of illness was implemented in Say. The difference in the financial burden to the consumer between the two schemes depended upon the number of illnesses experienced. Preventive services remained free of charge in all public facilities. Together with the introduction of cost recovery, health facility staff in the two test districts were trained on diagnostic and treatment protocols, an initial stock of generic drugs was provided to the involved health facilities, and a drug inventory and financial management system were established. Far from suffering with the introduction of cost recovery and quality improvements, the use of preventive services actually increased. Additional research is needed on the effect of cost recovery upon the use of preventive services.

Development of Information-Based Planning in Niger

The authors present their experiences in assisting the government of Niger to develop automated information systems for health care management. They discuss the structure of the health system, the role of donor assistance, the process of initiating automated systems, and the technical requirements and costs of the system. Finally, they draw general conclusions that may be useful for those attempting similar efforts.

Inter-Governmental Meeting on Youth Employment and National Development

Organised by the Economic Commission for Africa, with the Government of Niger as host, this meeting brought together delegates from 16 African Governments (11 French-speaking, 5 English-speaking) and observer/ participants from the United Nations and its specialised agencies (I.L.O., U.N.E.S.C.O., U.N.I.C.E.F., F.A.O., W.H.O.), the O.A.U., the World Assembly of Youth, the World Y.W.C.A., the Organisation internationale des employeurs, and the All Africa Conference of Churches.