Nigeria’s quest for peaceful co-existence between and among its diverse ethnic nationalities is seriously threatened by protracted violence and extreme cases of human insecurity across the country in recent years. It is true that violence in its entirety cannot be totally eliminated in human society, but it can be prevented by any responsible State. The view of this article, also, is that the extreme violence cascading Nigeria, which makes it impossible to actualize its desired peaceful co-existence among the culturally diverse communities can be prevented. However, the article asserts that peaceful co-existence can only be possible in Nigeria, if she would be willing and determined to reinforce the human security responsibility framework (HSRF) into its governance imperative. The HSRF is a people-centered, comprehensive, context-specific and violence prevention-oriented mechanism to foster peace, and engender development especially, in developing countries such as Nigeria. The adoption of the HSRF in this article, further reinvigorates the United Nations (UN) General Assembly Resolution 66/290, as a wakeup call on Nigeria to quickly identify and address the widespread and cross-cutting challenges of the survival, livelihood, and dignity of its people. Going further, the article argues that much had not been achieved in Nigeria regarding the promotion of a people-centered, comprehensive, and context-specific, as well as violence prevention-oriented policies targeted at engendering peaceful co-existence in the country. It stems the arguments on the recent incidences of violence across the country that have serious implication on the HSRF, and by extension, the desired peaceful co-existence of its diverse ethnic nationalities. The article, therefore, concludes that Nigeria should adopt the HSRF to safeguard the people and communities’ vital freedom, including freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom from indignity in order to achieve her most desired peaceful co-existence among the different ethnic nationalities, clamoured by the operators of the Nigerian State in every democratic dispensation.