Nigerian Industry Research Articles

Antifouling strategy for marine transport efficiency in Nigeria: The isothiazolone option

The sustainability of Nigerian maritime industry is threatened by drag and deterioration caused by biofilms on painted marine structures. The bacterial population of scrapings from twenty boat hulls on Ojo waterside shores, Lagos, Nigeria and the antibacterial activity of in-can isothiazolone biocide against the isolated biofilm bacteria were investigated. The disc diffusion technique using Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) media and sterile filter paper discs immersed into the biocides was employed. Bacterial population density of the scrapings ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 x 10 -5 CFU/g. They were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis , and Staphylococcus aureus using the analytical profile index (API). All the isolates were susceptible to isothiazolone biocide with the highest inhibition zone of 24.75mm ( P. mirabilis ) and the lowest inhibition zone of 4.63mm ( S. aureus ). The MIC was observed as 15μl/ml ( S. aureus ), 5μl/ml ( P. aeruginosa ) and 5μl/ml ( P. mirabilis ) while MBC was 20μl/ml ( S. aureus ), 5 μl/ml ( P. aeruginosa ) and 15μl/ml ( P. mirabilis ). Results showed that isothiazolone biocide has broad spectrum antibacterial activity against bacterial biofilms on marine structures. Keywords: Biofouling; boat; isothiazolone biocides; maritime industry; Nigeria

The economic cost of unreliable grid power in Nigeria

The ever-increasing demand for electrical power in Nigeria, coupled with a limited supply, have restricted the nation's socioeconomic development. The country’s policymakers, aware of this, have formulated and enacted energy development policies in recent years targeted at diversifying the current electricity mix and increasing electrification to rural settlements.Despite these efforts, electricity infrastructure projects have been sidelined, power outages are common and grid unreliability is costing industry significant amounts to secure the electricity supply necessary for business sustainability and profitability.This paper presents the current state of the electricity industry in Nigeria and argues the case for integration of renewable energy technologies. A case study is presented based on electricity cost information collected from a survey of Nigerian industry. Three future electricity supply scenarios are presented: a do-nothing or business-as-usual scenario; a scenario of increased reliance on grid power due to improvements in reliability; and a scenario involving shifting some of the current diesel on-site generation to solar photovoltaics. It is shown that increasing the utilization of renewable sources could significantly reduce the costs and CO2 emissions incurred due to the current reliance on self-generation, primarily using diesel generators, amidst grid unreliability.

Food Traceability System: Current State and Future Needs of the Nigerian Poultry and Poultry Product Supply Chain

The study revealed a thriving Nigerian food industry and policymakers toward understanding food traceability systems in three ways. Firstly, a realistic strategy toward supply chain visibility. Secondly, verify the concept relating to the implementation of documentation and technological innovations. Thirdly, emphasized the significance of food safety and food recall taking into account current status and future needs and how a traceability system would be realized in the poultry sector by giving a clear roadmap for technology. Also the work explained the current state of the two most practiced method of poultry production; backyard and commercial scale was also investigated.

The Legality and Signification of the AGF’s Directive Approving a Second Musical CMO in Nigeria

For over two decades, the collective management of rights in the Nigerian music industry has witnessed a fierce rivalry between the Copyright Society of Nigeria (COSON) and the Musical Copyright Society of Nigeria (MCSN). While the Nigerian Copyright Commission (NCC) approved the former, it refused to approve the latter. Despite this, MCSN has continually acted as a CMO; a development that has led to litigations between it and rights users on the one hand, and between it and the NCC and COSON on the other. However, in March 2017 the Attorney General of the Federation (AGF) mandated the immediate approval of MCSN as a permanent solution to the industry’s problem. This article focuses on this approval. Apart from examining the legality of the AGF’s directive and the likely effect(s) of a multiplicity of CMOs on the music industry, the article also proffers measures that may help reposition collective management in the industry for optimal performance.

AN APPRAISAL OF THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTRICITY POWER SECTOR REFORM PROJECT ON INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA

This paper examines the effect of the electricity power sector reform Act on industrialization in Nigeria. Power has been a recurring problem in Nigeria in what has been commonly referred to as the electricity gap. The federal government of Nigeria came up with a comprehensive legislation to boost power supply. The implementation of this legislation has led to a partial privatization of the hitherto fully state-owned parastatal that was responsible for electricity generation and supply. The paper examines the outcome of the Electricity Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA), 2005 on the rate and level of industrialization in Nigeria. It was found that the Act has not, in any way, significantly improved electricity supply in Nigeria. Consequently, Nigerian industries are still groaning under increased cost of production occasioned largely by epileptic power supply. The absence of prepaid digital meters for the billing of many electricity consumers has also worsened the plight of industries that use electricity, and which are forced to pay for electricity supplied under an estimated billing system. The study adopted the doctrinal research approach.

THE NEED FOR RESEARCH IN THEATRE AND FILM AS CHANGE AGENTS IN A DYNAMIC WORLD

The world of the 21st century is remarkably different from those of previous centuries. It is more so as a result of the changes in communication, style of living and the horrendous unleashing of violence against humanity by pockets of dissidents around the world. In Nigeria for instance, the clamour for change in every facet of her national life including restructuring of the entire country has never been more pronounced than it is now. People are exposed to all kinds of inhuman treatment from the most unlikely sources including the government of the day whose stinginess with the truth has become legendry. In all these cases the need to make life a little bit whole and liveable becomes imperative. Theatre and film are regarded as entertainment industries charged with giving pleasure, reducing stress and prolonging life no matter how small. This makes it necessary that research be conducted to determine how both media can be made to yield the best in them in the service of humanity in a changing world, with emphasis on Nollywood, the Nigerian video film industry. This is the focus of this paper. It uses the analytical research method to actualize this. Conclusion was drawn based on the findings and recommendations made on that basis.

Application of Limitation Laws to Oil Spill Compensation Claims in Nigeria

AbstractThis article examines a recent decision of the Nigerian Court of Appeal that essentially pronounces that, in respect of oil spill litigation in Nigeria, statutes of limitation are inapplicable to the federal law that creates the basis for oil spill compensation claims. This decision has dire consequences for the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The article finds this decision not only bad for public policy but actually based on very faulty reasoning and contradictory of an earlier decision of the Court of Appeal that was not considered. The article concludes that, despite this decision being the most recent, lower courts in Nigeria are not bound to follow it.

Risk Management Practice in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry

While in developed nations, risk management practises have become a norm in a bid to ensure project success, it is still unclear if its implementation has become common practise in developing nations. The paper aims to explore the current perceptions of risk management specifically in the Nigerian petroleum industry. The industry serves as a good platform to explore risk management in this context as it is the biggest in Africa and contributes significantly to the countries economy. With so much dependence on the industry, it reasons that all possible measures to mitigate risk will be put in place, especially because of the scale of major failures that have been recorded worldwide in the industry. A comprehensive literature review on risk management is carried out and presented. Empirical data is collected using semi-structured qualitative interviews from personnel in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation for analyses which is subsequently presented. Findings reveal the major risks commonly experienced in the Nigeria petroleum industry, the primary methods currently employed in the different stages of risk management, and the factors that impede the implementation of more advance risk management tools are identified. The work extends on the knowledge that is currently available on risk management practices in developing nations.

Trade Liberalization and Performance of the Nigerian Textile Industry

Nigeria textile industry is characterized by questionable incentives, political uncertainty, acute power shortage, poor infrastructure, smuggling and red-tape bureaucracy, among others. The study modified the endogenous growth model within a time series (1986 and 2015) estimation techniques of Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL). Findings revealed that the effect of simple tariff rate on textile industry is negative and statistically significant in the long-run; while trade liberalization policy measure through simple tariff rate has a lag effect before it can be effective in the textile industry. In both short and long run, real effective exchange rate depreciation worsens the performance of the textile industry in Nigeria. In the long run, a 1.0% rise in trade openness would decrease the level of textile industry performance by about 17.49%, while factor affecting textile industry performance in the short run are simple tariff rate, financial development, exchange rate changes, trade openness and labor and capital inputs respectively. The study concluded that Trade liberalization has a lag effect on textile industry performance and a significant effect on the performance of the Nigerian textile industry. It is therefore recommended that government should make concerted efforts toward providing a favorable business environment, reducing inflation and improve the infrastructural facilities for the textile industry to strive.

Trade Liberalization and Performance of the Nigerian Textile Industry

Nigeria textile industry is characterized by questionable incentives, political uncertainty, acute power shortage, poor infrastructure, smuggling and red-tape bureaucracy, among others. The study modified the endogenous growth model within a time series (1986 and 2015) estimation techniques of Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL). Findings revealed that the effect of simple tariff rate on textile industry is negative and statistically significant in the long-run; while trade liberalization policy measure through simple tariff rate has a lag effect before it can be effective in the textile industry. In both short and long run, real effective exchange rate depreciation worsens the performance of the textile industry in Nigeria. In the long run, a 1.0% rise in trade openness would decrease the level of textile industry performance by about 17.49%, while factor affecting textile industry performance in the short run are simple tariff rate, financial development, exchange rate changes, trade openness and labor and capital inputs respectively. The study concluded that Trade liberalization has a lag effect on textile industry performance and a significant effect on the performance of the Nigerian textile industry. It is therefore recommended that government should make concerted efforts toward providing a favorable business environment, reducing inflation and improve the infrastructural facilities for the textile industry to strive.

Reconceptualizing Nigerian Copyright Law to Protect Nollywood

Reconceptualizing Nigerian Copyright Law to Protect Nollywood

Effective Decision Making Process and its Impact on Strategic Planning Process: A Case Study of Nigerian Oil Industry

Effective Decision Making Process and its Impact on Strategic Planning Process: A Case Study of Nigerian Oil Industry

Rentierism and security privatisation in the Nigerian petroleum industry: assessment of oil pipeline surveillance and protection contracts

SUMMARYThis briefing examines rentierism and security privatisation in the Nigerian petroleum industry. It demonstrates how the awarding of oil pipeline surveillance and protection contracts, with little attention to organisational capacity of applicant companies, resulted in widespread discontent among militias and groups not recognised or rewarded by a contract. These groups then intensified attacks on oil infrastructures in the post-amnesty era. The authors' findings endorse the government's 2015 decision to terminate the contracts, while they recommend transparent and democratic management of oil wealth as a long-term solution to human insecurity in the Niger Delta.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA

Development of infrastructures are needed due to the growing population, increasing demand for housing and other building activities and the improvement in the quality of life of the populace. This study has been conducted with the aim to capture the perspective of Nigerian construction industries on the industrialized building system (IBS), specifically in Kano State. The methods adopted for this study comprises of interview session with 5 expert respondents and questionnaire survey with 73 respondents of professionals within the Nigerian construction industries. Data obtained was analyzed using content, frequency and factor analysis through SPSS software. Research findings shows that majority of the construction industry in Kano are commonly practicing traditional cast on site method and IBS implementation is considered in early stage. The setback of IBS application in Kano found from this study is due to insufficient IBS manufacturer, unfamiliarity and resistance to change, enormous capital cost and lack of government interest. In order to overcome these barriers, majority of the respondents agreed that improving the educational curriculum and adopting intensive training for the related parties will help in improving IBS implementation in Kano state and indirectly to Nigeria. The study further concludes that Government support and increase awareness on IBS benefits will result in successful IBS implementation in the state.

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

Purpose: The reoccurrence of loss in revenue generation from the oil industry which is due to the unstable and heated relationship between oil corporations and host communities in the Niger Delta (ND) region of Nigeria has spurred the strategic social permission of oil multinational corporations (OMNCs) to operate in the country. Thus, OMNCs have continually given attention to the challenges faced by the region through community development in terms of initiatives and projects. Community development (CD) and sustainability are core to viable social responsibility (SR) whether from the part of government or from OMNCs. However, since the independence of the country in 1960, a lot of development agencies and commissions have been established by the government towards social and infrastructural development in the ND region. These agencies and commissions often combine efforts with OMNCs to enforce development and sustainability in the region which consequently result in mutual benefits on both ends. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine CD and sustainability of host communities in the ND by evaluating initiatives conducted by government development agencies such as the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and OMNCs such as ExxonMobil and Shell Petroleum Development Commission (SPDC) in the region.Approach/Design/Methodology: The paper applied a qualitative research approach. It conceptualises CD and sustainability and examines the views of community members on initiatives from the NDDC and OMNCs. Instruments for primary data collection were the Focus Group Discussion, In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and observation. The research made use of thirty IDIs and five FGDs. Secondary sources of data were journal articles, reports and other documents from both the OMNCs and NDDC. It also made use of the Nvivo11 software to organise the data while a content-based analysis was used to set data into themes. The study puts into consideration the perspectives of different community members as well as the various concepts which exist in the literature.Findings: Analysis reveals that there is positive impact when development takes place in host communities and sustainability attained but consequently, there are no probable and visible improvement of the OMNCs operations and business in the region, which is why there is reoccurrence of revenue loss in the country from the oil sector.Value/Originality: This paper gives voice to participants in a social setting by highlighting the importance of CD and sustainability in the ND region. It does this by looking into the different initiatives conducted by the NDDC, ExxonMobile and SPDC.

The Foreign Languages Factor in the Development of Tourism in Nigeria

Abstract Inbound tourism as defined by the WTO is obviously the aspect of a nation’s tourism industry to which foreign languages are directly relevant: this aspect involves foreign tourists visiting the country of reference. This paper uses Leiper’s (1979) conceptualisation of the tourism system to examine the role of foreign languages in the operations of Nigerian inbound tourism from TGR and TDR perspectives. Among the most significant revelations of this examination are the facts that: i) tourism destinations in Nigeria are to be advertised on the web and in print in the TGR countries using the languages of those countries; and ii) tour guides in Nigeria are to be trained in foreign languages to facilitate travels, stay and related transactions and activities of foreign tourists in Nigeria. These and other findings can enhance the Nigerian inbound tourism industry.

Sustainable lifestyle factors influencing industries' electric consumption patterns using Fuzzy logic and DEMATEL: The Nigerian perspective

The methods applied in the attempt to minimize electricity consumption waste as result of consumer's consumption patterns is of crucial concern for government, investors and even consumers. There is a need to identify the potential factors influencing electricity consumption pattern in order to encourage sustainable practices. To examine the electricity consumption pattern and their influencing factors, this study applied Fuzzy-DEMATEL model to examine the sustainable lifestyle factors of electricity consumption pattern in Nigeria. The originality of this paper lies in the proposed approach that integrates fuzzy logic and DEMATEL to evaluate sustainable lifestyles factors that influence industries electric consumption patterns for the first time in Nigeria. Firstly, 24 sustainable lifestyle factors were sourced from literature sources and grouped into 4 clusters of economic, political, environmental and socio-cultural criteria. Two sets of questionnaires were distributed to 30 experts who comprise of managers and senior technicians in Nigerian Power Industry. The results show that the critical factors which influence industries electric consumption patterns are corruption, inadequate planning and design, electricity theft, literacy level, population demography and lifestyle attitude. The implication for decision makers is that in improving power consumption pattern in the Nigerian industries; emphasis should be placed on the critical sustainable lifestyle factors. Thus, corruption should be minimized, planning and design adequately implemented, theft of electricity curbed while improving literacy level and lifestyles of the masses to improve electric consumption patterns.

The 2017 Nigerian Policy Consultation Workshop - Oil Collaboration Group High Level Comments on the New Oil Policy for Nigeria

Sequel to the discussion and brainstorming session held on Saturday, 14 January 2017 at Hilton Hall, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, on the New Oil Policy for Nigeria, this is a three-page summary of recommendations that will help to develop a very formidable and well-performing oil sector in Nigeria. Starting with comments on the legal framework, these high-level comments proceed to make recommendations on the making of a commercially viable Nigerian National Oil Company, best practices to be adopted in HSE Regulations, development of human resources, internal and external communication, as well as ensuring transparency and accountability in the Nigerian Oil Industry.

Elements of Generators Selection, Sizing and Maintenance in Nigerian Industries

The issue of power supply in relation to industrial revolution in the developing world cannot be overemphasized. At least, production equipment and machines have to be powered to produce goods for the polity. The paper illuminates various ways loads on generators can be estimated; it identified the importance of using correct sizes of generators for loads demand and buttresses the criteria for selecting generating sets for various usages. It discusses the fact that right conductor sizes will undoubtedly prevent voltage drops which may hamper the benefits of using the correct generators. The paper also stresses the economic importance as one of the reasons for selecting right set for specific loads. It suggests various maintenance activities that can optimize maintenance cost and minimize the repair cost thus dovetailing into high productivity and profits.

Technological capability building in Nigerian cashew nut processing industry

The study examined technological capabilities (TCs) in the cashew nut processing industry in Nigeria and its effects on industry performance. Data were collected from 128 staff of 20 purposively selected firms. A five-point Likert rating scale was adopted to assess TC, which includes investment, production and linkage capabilities. The results showed fair ability to carry out feasibility study, procure the right equipment and ability to negotiate contract terms. Overall, there was a significant difference (F = 32.32, p < 0.05) in the factors that constituted investment capability in the industry. Production capability in the industry was fairly adequate with mean ratings of abilities to improve on production process (3.56), product quality (3.07) and in-house equipment and machines (2.83). Linkage with knowledge institutions was low. The study concluded that there were some elements of investment, production and linkage capabilities in the cashew nut processing industry, and these capabilities influenced industry performance.