Nigerian Citizens Research Articles

On the Comparative Study of the Supervised Machine Learning Models

This research empirically compared the performance of three supervised machine learning models which are Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Multilayer back propagated Neural Networks (MNN) and Multinomial Decision Trees (MDT) based on a tested data set for the opinion of Nigerian citizens during the period of naira redesign policy using classification matrix criterion. About 600 copies of questionnaires on the opinion of Nigerian citizens on their welfare at the period of naira redesign. The result showed that ANN outperformed other models with 94.4% correct classification rates, followed by the MLR with correct classification rates of 93.5% and lastly by MDT with correct classification rates of 90.0%.

HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IN NIGERIA: TRENDS, ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECT

Objective: Human rights abuses persist in Nigeria, undermining democratic governance since 1999. This study investigates pervasive violations, focusing on major trends and national issues facilitating these abuses. Nigeria's complex socio-political landscape, marked by ethnic diversity and economic disparities, exacerbates human rights violations. These include extrajudicial killings, torture, arbitrary arrests, and insurgency-related heinous acts perpetrated by Boko Haram and ISWAP. Theoretical Framework: The judiciary's inefficiency and corruption hinder justice for victims, while the government suppresses free speech and assembly, contrary to Chapter Four of the Nigerian Constitution, which is the main theoretical framework providing for the understanding of this investigation. Method: This study has a method of qualitative research which examines the interplay between Nigeria's socio-political landscape and economic disparities, perpetuating human rights violations. Findings reveal widespread abuses, particularly in the Northeast, highlighting the need for judicial reform, security sector reform, and increased accountability. Research and Discussion: The study provides the result of comprehensive analysis and lasting solutions to address human rights abuses in Nigeria. Recommendations promote dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders to strengthen human rights protection and enforcement. By addressing systemic challenges, Nigeria can move towards a more just and equitable society. Research Implication: The research implication of this research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, human rights organizations, and scholars. Originality and Value: Its findings and recommendations offer a pathway towards improved human rights protection in Nigeria, ensuring the well-being and dignity of Nigerian citizens.

Implication of Macroeconomic Fundamentals on the Twin-Evil of Macroeconomic Phenomena: “With the Focus on Nigeria”

Purpose of the Study: This study was designed to analyze the implication of Macroeconomic fundamentals on twin-evil of Macroeconomic phenomena: “with the focus on Nigeria.’’ Methodology: The study Utilized annual time-series data on exogenous variables (Government Deficit Spending, GDS; Official exchange rate, OEXCHR; Monetary policy rate, MPR) to capture Macroeconomic fundamentals. While, Unemployment rate, UNEMPLR; Inflation rate, INFLR and Consumer price index, CPI were used as a summation of Macroeconomic phenomena to capture Misery index. The data on variables used in the study were sourced from Nigerian federal ministry of finance; Central Bank of Nigeria; and World Bank data bank between 1991and 2022 respectively. The study employed econometric techniques of ordinary least square and Two-stage least to analyze its data. Findings: The study of Ordinary Least Square revealed that Government deficit spending and official exchange rate significantly eradicate misery index in a positive manner. Meanwhile, monetary policy rate insignificantly eradicate misery index in a negative manner. There was also a further revelation from the findings of two-stage least square that government deficit spending and official exchange rate exert concerted significant strength to eradicate misery from every citizen of Nigeria within the periods under study.. Meanwhile, the result found that it was insignificantly weak for monetary policy rate (MPR) to minimize misery index from every Nigerian citizen within the periods under study. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded that the authority should maintain a sound policy that will oversee money borrowed for critical projects and use it to create employment opportunity for Nigerian citizenry, ensure exchange rate is kept within a certain band that will reduce high cost of goods and services in the economy that we are currently facing and jettison the idea of increasing monetary policy rate, since this displayed a negative sign to help reducing misery index of the Nigerian populace during the periods of study.

Social media discourses of Nigerian social affairs: a critical appraisal of YouTube vloggers’ panacea hypotheses for national recovery

ABSTRACT Different strata of Nigerian society including social media vlogs have been discussing the ills plaguing Nigeria. Such social ills include debt burden, flooding linked to Cameroon’s Lagdo Dam, food crisis resulting from border closure, and insecurity following government’s Visa on Arrival policy. Many suggestions have been offered as solutions. The study considers the perspectives of both Diaspora and local vloggers across gender and ages. Guided by Nancy Fraser’s subaltern counter-publics theoretical principle and Hollis Chenery’s theory of Structural Change, this paper evaluates YouTube discourses on Nigeria with a view to interpreting the vloggers’ hypotheses and the local factors militating against the vloggers’ viewpoints. Some of the panaceas recommended by the vloggers include no-debt pardoning, jettisoning project abandonment culture, voting on competence rather than ethnic affiliation, and emulation of the United States and Germany on ethnic unification. Other recommendations include oil theft blockage, reversal of the Visa on Arrival policy, self-determination, and inclusion of women in curbing food crisis. This study raises the consciousness of the Nigerian citizens on the country’s socio-political development roadmap enabled by the ubiquitous nature of social media. The study concludes that institutionalized corruption, leadership ineptitude, nepotism, and patriarchal hegemony hamper the actualization of the vloggers’ viewpoints.

Public perceptions of counterfeit drugs in Nigeria and the European Union

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the perception and experience of counter pharmaceuticals in Nigeria compared to the European Union. Design/methodology/approach The findings from this paper are based upon a survey of 362 Nigerians sourced in public places with the data and then compared results from a survey by the European Union. Findings The key findings from this research showed some areas of similarity between Nigerians and Europeans on their views on the acceptability of purchasing counterfeits. However, Nigerians were more open to purchasing counterfeits despite the risks. There was also more anxiety over the risk of purchasing counterfeit medicines compared to the European Union. Research limitations/implications Due to security issues, survey data could only be sourced from Abuja, Lagos and the relatively peaceful southwestern region of Nigeria. The data is, therefore, not representative of Nigeria. Practical implications The purchasing experience of counterfeit medicines by Nigerians along with their anxieties highlights the need for more enforcement action to tackle this problem and reassure the public. Social implications The paper highlights the challenges of securing genuine pharmaceutical products in the Global South and the need for more greater cross-border action to tackle the problem. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first survey of Nigerian citizens on this issue.

Psychoanalytic Criticism of Ifesinachi Nwadike’s How Morning Remembers The Night

In recent times, it appears Nigerian poets are influenced by changes in the country's social-political and economic landscape to such an extent that their artistic expressions are thought to have tilted towards psychological dimension. This observation transcends the social commitment and ideological inclinations often identified with the poets in the past. Therefore, this paper attempts a psychoanalytic criticism of Ifesinachi Nwadike’s poetry, How Morning Remembers the Night, focusing on the instances of psychosocial disorder as an association of socio-economically induced psychological conditions that find expression in the collection. Conceptualising this condition, the study adopts a descriptive research method premised on critical analysis in which attention is given to symptomatic elements like the persona’s recollected experiences, tone and cathartic disposition. Here, a synthesis of the theoretical paradigms of psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud and Erich Fromm is found rewarding in providing a framework for the conception of the poetry as the persona’s dream text. The study discovers that the psychosocial disorders identified in the collection symptomatically find expression in the poetic persona’s tone in form of emotional disturbances and that they are triggered by memories of societal failings. Consequently, the persona displays the identities of an aggrieved songbird and a griot whose memory is clouded by grief and anguish in reaction to societal foibles. The paper concludes that certain psychosocial disturbances that are noticeable among Nigerian citizens under the same unfavorable societal conditions have permeated Nwadike’s poetry.

An Evaluation Of The Treasury Single Account (TSA) As An Instrument Of Financial Prudence and Management In Nigeria: Methodology Analysis (OAGF) 2015-2024.

This paper examines the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation and the relationship between the Nigerian economy and the Treasury Single Account Policy (2015-2024). The Nigerian economy has developed slowly over the years, which has led to little to no improvement in the country's residents' standard of living. The study's overall goal was to determine how the Treasury Single Account Policy affected Nigeria's economic developments between 2015 and 2024. Its specific goals were to determine whether the human development index, Gini coefficient, and poverty rate of the country's economy differed significantly between the pre-and post-implementation periods. The research utilized the design of the quantitative study. Nigerian citizens make up the study's population, while the citizens of Nigeria for the years 2015–2024 make up the sample size. The study employed secondary data that came from the World Bank's National Accounts Data, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin. The paired sample t-test was used to assess the data. The outcome showed that, except the variable of human development index, which showed a significant difference between the periods before and after the implementation of the treasury single account policy, economic development indicators (gini coefficient and poverty rate) did not differ significantly between the periods before and after the policy. Consequently, the analysis found that the Treasury Single Using the poverty rate and Gini coefficient as stand-ins for economic development, account policy had no discernible effect on the Nigerian economy. Additionally, it was determined that the Treasury Single Account Policy had a major influence on Nigeria's economic development using the Human Development Index as a proxy for economic progress. Therefore, it was advised that government programs for human development be maintained and improved, particularly in the fields of health and education.

Keeping the Ex-Enemy Close but Not in My Backyard

How receptive are societies to the reintegration of deradicalized terrorists? Specifically in countries where the terrorists attacked the communities targeted for reintegration. I posit that closer proximity to terrorist violence is correlated with lower receptivity to reintegration in such scenarios. I examine the disposition of Nigerian citizens toward the Government’s deradicalization and reintegration program. I delineate three community categories: Core, Outer, and Peripheral based on their proximity to incidents of terrorist violence. Employing semi-structured interviews with 100 Nigerians across these communities, the empirical findings contradict my initial arguments. Surprisingly, the community closest to terrorist violence exhibited the highest receptivity to reintegration. Furthermore, community residents’ proximity to designated reintegration venues was negatively correlated with receptivity towards reintegration.

Is It Real? The Construction of Prejudice Against Nigerian Immigrants in Italy: A Case Study

Italian public opinion has developed, through the years, a strong discriminatory attitude against the Nigerian community. It is based on the assumption that Nigerians are involved in the illegal sex industry. Moral entrepreneurs, such as politicians and charity activists, as well as scholars, fuel this rhetoric, as they represent Nigerian women either as victims of smugglers in their native country and in Italy, or as attracted by easy gains. Moreover, it is taken for granted that they follow primitive beliefs and rituals, such as Juju. This paper will focus on a case study, highlighting the process of criminalization of Nigerians. After discussing different perspectives about migration, a judicial case involving a network of Nigerian citizens will analyse how the mainstream representation of migration and sex workers results, at the end of the day, in discriminatory prejudices. The final part will propose to change the focus of the analysis from smuggling and exploitation of human beings to a human rights approach.

Determining the Influence of Extrajudicial Justice on Perception of Police among Nigerian Citizens: A Scale Development Study

Determining the Influence of Extrajudicial Justice on Perception of Police among Nigerian Citizens: A Scale Development Study

The Affective Forces of the State: Overcoming Biographies of Violence in Yejide Kilanko’s Daughters Who Walk this Path

This article delves into the abuses stemming from the Nigerian state forces and their failure to protect Nigerian citizens as illustrated in Yejide Kilanko’s Daughters Who Walk this Path (2012). The novel narrates the struggles undergone by young Morayo as she is repeatedly abused as a child by an elder cousin, Bros T. Here, I seek to trace a parallelism between the instances of physical and affective violence against Morayo and the episodes of “intra-societal violence” (Hill 2012: 15) occurring in Nigeria from the 1980s to the mid-1990s, when the country’s sociopolitical sphere was marked by the social chaos resulting from armed robberies, military coups, rigged elections, and instances of police brutality towards women. I shall analyze such episodes as instances of ‘forced intimacy’ within the public and private spheres, which translates into the impositions of negative forms of affect upon personal and collective development. In this context, the physical and psychological abuses suffered by Morayo will be presented as shaping what Ahmed refers to as one’s “biographies of violence” (2017: 23). My ultimate aim is to trace Morayo’s development of what I will describe as ‘affective resilience’ against the affective forces of the state.

Effect of Public Finance Implications on The Economic Standard of Nigerians: A Longitudinal Study

This study examined the impact of the national budget, exchange rates, trade openness, inflation rates, and interest rates on the purchasing power parity and per capita income of Nigeria during the period spanning from 2009 to 2022. Data was gathered from the Central Bank Nigeria and the World Bank. The data was further analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square methods at a significance level of 5% for the purpose of detailed estimation. Results of the study showed that the national budget, exchange rates, trade openness, inflation rates, and interest rates had significant and positive impacts on Nigeria’s purchasing power parity and per capita income. The results of the study imply that, to increase the purchasing power parity and per capita income of Nigerian citizens, the government should focus on improving the quality of budget execution, ensure exchange rate stability, implement more trade policies that will open the Nigerian market and increase foreign investment, focus on maintaining a low inflation rate, and ensure the stability of

Coercive Vaccination Policy in Nigeria: Legal Perspectives

Background: In December 2021, the Nigerian federal government declared a compulsory COVID-19 immunisation for all employees of government. This declaration by the government has been viewed by some Nigerians as a contravention of the fundamental rights of Nigerian citizens. Aim: This study was aimed at identifying the human rights concerns surrounding vaccination mandates from the perspective of legal practitioners in Nigeria. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that used a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire to interview legal practitioners practicing in Uyo, Nigeria. The survey focused on identifying human right concerns surrounding vaccination mandates. Results: One hundred and five legal practitioners participated in the study. Data analysis revealed that 79 (75.2%) of our respondents agreed that vaccination mandates to prevent an epidemic is well within the powers of the state, while 97 (92.4%) asserted that the Nigerian constitution gives the state authority to enact health laws including quarantine and vaccination laws to protect its citizens. According to 59% (n=62) of our respondents, the only exception to a mandatory vaccination is an offer of apparent or reasonably certain proof to the state’s board of health that the vaccination would seriously impair health or probably cause death. Conclusion: In the opinion of majority of the legal practitioners interviewed, the Nigerian constitution gives the state the power to implement measures established by legislation to protect the health of her citizens. Thus, coercive vaccination policies by the state to protect the public from an epidemic outbreak of a disease which threatens the safety of citizens may be legally binding on the citizens.

Port Harcourt residents’ response to NPC’s campaign against inaccurate and malicious news publications

In its effort to ensure that media contents are not slanted to misinform the public, the Nigerian Press Council (NPC) leaves a window for members of the public to lodge complaints about perceived inaccuracies and malicious publications with the Council for proper investigation and action. Notwithstanding this window, which also offers the public an opportunity to entrench responsible journalism, it appears that many Nigerian citizens do not take advantage of the directive. This study investigated Port Harcourt residents’ response to NPC’s directive against inaccurate and malicious news reports. Among other objectives, the study investigated Port Harcourt residents’ response to the directive. The critical political-economy theory provided theoretical cornerstone to the study. Using the survey research design, a sample size of 384 respondents was drawn from a population of 205,507. Findings of the study showed that many residents of Port Harcourt had observed inaccurate and malicious news reports but failed to report to the NPC due to fear of being victimized. The study recommended, among other measures, that NPC should assure Nigerian citizens that complaints arising from perceived inaccurate news publications would be treated as confidential.

Moral Values, Sanctity of Life for Nation Building: A Biblical Perspective

Nigerians from the onset, have a peculiar culture which is known in their ways of life. Their values and norms as elements of this their ways of life are embedded in moral education. However, in Nigerian society today, there is a high rate of negligence of societal moral values while many vices such as: dishonesty, disrespect of elders, insecurity, kidnapping, banditry, raping, corruption, bribery, and many others prevail. In light of the above, this paper examines the role of moral values and the sanctity of life in nation-building. Moral education is a means through which individuals are formed and reformed through qualitative training and retraining of human beings who are agents of development in society. The paper also considers moral education as a means of regenerating these norms and moral values. Again, the paper discovers among other things that moral values which are seen as behavioural conduct and attitude, should be displayed and encouraged by members of the society to build and revitalized the nation. Several recommendations were made and emphasis was laid on the need for moral values taught in moral education, with the collaboration of parents and government by imparting good moral values on the Nigerian Citizens. Keywords: Moral Values, Education, Sanctity of life, Nation Building.

Regional disparities in COVID-19 case fatality rates: A comparative analysis of Nigerian Geopolitical Regions in 2020 and 2023

In December 2019, first case of COVID-19 was documented in the Wuhan, China. The symptoms commonly associated with COVID-19 include cough, fever, fatigue, and breathing difficulties. In 30th January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The coronavirus entered Nigeria through an infected Italian citizen who came in contact with a Nigerian citizen who was subsequently infected with the coronavirus. The coronavirus then spread to other citizens in Lagos and to other parts of the country. This study focuses on analysing the Case fatality rates (CFR) of COVID-19 in different geopolitical regions of Nigeria in the years 2020 and 2023. The regions considered are North Central, North East, North West, South South, South West and South East. This was a retrospective study using national surveillance data collected from all 36 States and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. Epidemiological indices of COVID-19 of 12th July, 2020 and data as at 26th February, 2023 were downloaded from the official update database of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and World Health Organisation (WHO) weekly report within the same period of this study The confirmed cases and deaths were extracted directly while the Case fatality rates (CFR) were computed. The total confirmed cases, death cases, and Cases Fatality Rates (CFR) as at 12th July 2020 was 31,323, 706 and 2.3% respectively. However, in 2023, the values had changed to 440,139 confirmed cases, 3156 death cases an a CRF of 0.7% respectively. The North Central region was observed to have the highest fatality rate of 62.1% and 47.2% in 2020 and 2023 respectively. The North East accounted for 32.5% and 12.6%, Noth West 36.4% and 16.4%, South- South, 37.5% and 12.4%, South East 16.9% and 4.7% and South West 15.4% and 10.1% respectively in 2020 and 2023. The 6 geopolitical regions of the country experience decrease at different proportion in Case Fatality Rates and this can be attributed to various factors, including increased vaccination coverage, better understanding of the virus, improved healthcare infrastructure and more effective public health measures. Despite the decrease in case fatality rate, regional disparities still exist which may be linked to underlying socioeconomic and healthcare disparities between regions. Addressing these disparities is crucial for a more equitable response to future pandemics

From Constraints to Control: The French Language Classroom in Multilingual Nigeria

There are several issues associated with the teaching and learning of French Language in an Anglophone environment like Nigeria. For effective `interaction with the neighbouring countries, Nigerian citizens need the knowledge of French language. Nigeria is an Anglophone country that is surrounded by francophone countries. French Language teachers face a lot of issues while carrying out their day to day activities in the classroom. Some of them include mother tongue interference, lack of use of instructional materials, challenges of the modern technological facilities, confusion of the target French Language, hostile environmental issues, psychological issues, teachers’ personal issues and that of the learners etc. All these issues seem to affect the learning processes in the French Language classrooms. All the above constraints contribute to the poor performance of French language in Nigerian schools; this has led to poor academic achievement of students in French language which has spilled over to poor performance of students in both internal and external examinations.

Security Challenges and Economic Development in Emerging Economics: The Nigeria Experience

The study focused on security challenges and economic development in emerging economic in Nigeria and solutions. The continuous rise in insecurity and deterioration in the economic development in Nigeria call for a concern among researchers and policy makers over the years. Nigeria has witnessed an unprecedented security challenge occasioned by the activities of militants in the South-South region, kidnappers in the south east, violent armed robbery in almost parts of the country, political assassination, ritual killings and more recently activities of Boko Haram in some parts of the northern region especially north east. These social menaces, when put together impinge on the security of lives and property of both Nigerian citizens and foreigners living or even trying to invest in the country. To ensure economic development in Nigeria therefore, the study recommends various measures of curbing security challenges including preventive community policing, human capital development, equitable distribution of resources as well as channeling of resources to frontline sectors of the economy among others. This paper recommend that Federal government should engage peace and conflict resolution experts in dealing with issues concerning Fulani herdsmen and Farmers crises and that ranching method of cattle rearing location across the country while the herdsmen should be given needed training for effective and efficient management of the ranching. Also, effective leadership and good governance as a panacea to solving problems of insecurity, unemployment, poverty, hunger, disease, among other negative indices.

Childbirth experiences and satisfaction with birth among women in selected Nigerian healthcare facilities during COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed method.

childbirth experiences are women´s personal feelings and interpretations of birth processes, which could be difficult to describe and explain. The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) instilled tension and worries in all Nigerian citizens and could also affect the birth experiences and satisfaction of women. Thus, this study explored the experiences of childbirth and satisfaction with birth among women in selected Nigerian healthcare facilities during COVID-19 pandemic. the study adopted a concurrent triangulation mixed method design, which utilized an in-depth interview and questionnaire to obtain different but complementary data. Sample sizes of 304 and 15 women were recruited for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. the majority of the participants perceived childbirth to be labor and delivery (3.66 ± 3.16); participants were mostly satisfied with reception received from staff (2.35 ± 2.29) and respecting their privacy (2.04 ± 1.52). Five (5) themes and 18 subthemes emerged from qualitative data. The themes were: understanding of childbirth, satisfaction with care, hospital experiences, unique experiences during birth, and social support. women had more positive and less negative but unique childbirth experiences. The majority expressed satisfaction within the care given by qualified and competent health workers, despite the challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic. The provision of physical and emotional support by intimate partners, midwives´ and family members during delivery had a significant influence on maternal satisfaction with the entire birth experience.

DETERMINANTS OF BROILER PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON POVERTY STATUS AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

The research was carried out to analyze broiler production as a sustainable tool in reducing poverty among civil servants in Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: determine the profitability of broiler production; evaluate the poverty status and the effect of broiler income on the poverty status of the civil servants; identify the socio-economic factors influencing the level of broiler production; and describe the constraints of broiler production. Data from 120 members of Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) who are civil servants, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the civil servants that engaged in broiler farmers were women. Findings revealed that the influx of new entrants into broiler production in recent times was due to the ban on importation of frozen poultry product by the Federal Government of Nigeria which create high demand-supply gap. The civil servants’ broiler producers earned a profit margin of 58% and return on investment of ₦1.67 per Naira invested. This resulted into reduced FGT poverty indices. The level of broiler production were significantly determined by sex, level of education and experience at different level of probability. Likewise, the poverty status of the civil servants were significantly affected by salary and income from broiler production at 1 and 5 % levels of probability. Major constraints in broiler production were high cost of feed and vaccines. Government ban on importation of poultry meat is plausible and should be further imbibed by the Nigerian citizens to consume home grown poultry meat.