Nigella Sativa Oil Research Articles

Effect of Nigella sativa oil on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide in rats.

Nigella sativa oil (NSO) has been used widely for its putative anti-hyperglycemic activity. However, little is known about its potential effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antidiabetic drugs, including gliclazide. This study aimed to investigate herb-drug interactions between gliclazide and NSO in rats. Plasma concentrations of gliclazide (single oral and intravenous dose of 33 and 26.4mg/kg, respectively) in the presence and absence of co-administration with NSO (52mg/kg per oral) were quantified in healthy and insulin resistant rats (n=5 for each group). Physiological and treatment-related factors were evaluated as potential influential covariates using a population pharmacokinetic modeling approach (NONMEM version 7.4). Clearance, volume of distribution and bioavailability of gliclazide were unaffected by disease state (healthy or insulin resistant). The concomitant administration of NSO resulted in higher systemic exposures of gliclazide by modulating bioavailability (29% increase) and clearance (20% decrease) of the drug. A model-independent analysis highlighted that pre-treatment with NSO in healthy rats was associated with a higher glucose lowering effect by up to 50% compared with that of gliclazide monotherapy, but not of insulin resistant rats. Although a similar trend in glucose reductions was not observed in insulin resistant rats, co-administration of NSO improved the sensitivity to insulin of this rat population. Natural product-drug interaction between gliclazide and NSO merits further evaluation of its clinical importance.

PVA nanocomposite hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles enriched Nigella sativa oil

Nigella sativa oil [NSO] was enriched with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles [NP] by simple, cost-effective, and less time-consuming “Green Chemistry” protocol. This combination [NSO/NP], on blending with PVA, produced transparent and foldable hydrogel film. The structure, morphology, hydrophilicity and thermal stability of hydrogel film confirmed the incorporation of inorganic NP in organic PVA matrix. FTIR spectrum of nanocomposite film revealed good interactions between PVA matrix, NP and NSO. SEM of PVA and NSO combination film exhibited lipidic NSO cloud-like phase (light grey) dispersed in PVA matrix (dark contrast), while in nanocomposite hydrogel film these lipidic clouds disappeared completely, and PVA matrix appeared donning a grey sheath. The nanocomposite film showed good folding endurance (> 300 folds) and antimicrobial behavior against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 26922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 29906), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC109), Acinetobacter baumannii (NCTC 12156), and Candida albicans (ATCC90028) with prospective applications in antimicrobial packaging and wound dressings.

Using Local Nigella Sativa Oil to Relief Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common problem in women. Nigella sativa has been suggested for its anti-inflammation and analgesic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on PMS. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 124 female students within the age range of 18-25 years living in the dormitories of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (IG) rubbed 1-2 drops of Nigella sativa oil on their fontanels at night for sev­en days before their three menstrual cycles. The placebo group (PG) rubbed placebo in the same way. After three cycles, pain severity was measured by the visual analog scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of covariance. Results: The mean age of participants, the mean age of menarche, and the mean age of PMS onset were 20.55 ± 0.2, 13.52 ± 0.15, and 15.35 ± 0.3 years old, respectively. The results showed that Nigella sativa oil reduced the severity of all PMS symptoms except in terms of depression and abdominal bloating in IG compare to the PG. Conclusion: Nigella sativa oil in women with premenstrual syndrome can be a promising, safe, and easily available analgesic supplement.

The Effect of Nigella sativa Oil to Prevent Decubitus among Bedrest Patients

Using Nigella sativa oil for skin care is a nursing measure to maintain skin integrity to prevent further tissue damage. The oil contains thymoquinone (27.8%-57%), which has been tested to heal a wound, acting as a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Linoleic acid (57.9%) and linolenic acid (0.2%) act as cell-forming substances and helping to moisturize the skin. This study aims to discover the effect of Nigella sativa oil, which is applied to prolonged bedridden patients with the risk of decubitus. This study used a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. Random sampling was used to acquire 34 people as samples by using the probability sampling technique. This study also used paired sample test as a research analysis. The result showed a significant effect using Nigella sativa oil for skin care with a p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05).

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cumin (Nigella Sativa) Seed Oil Extract as an Alternative Disinfectant of Dental Surfaces

Introduction: Cumin (Nigella Sativa) seed oil extract has some ingredients which have antimicrobial effects. The essential oils present in cumin act as antimicrobial agent and it influence on different type of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and also viruses, parasites and fungi. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of cumin extract in disinfecting dentistry surfaces.
 Material and Methods: This study was performed experimentally and had three groups of cumin extract, Deconex and control group. For each of these groups, 12 culture media were prepared and we counted the colonies created in 24 hours and 48 hours and significance level was assessed using SPSS software and t-test. 
 Results: At 24 hours, there was a significant difference between the bacterial colony counts of the petri dishes from Cumin Seed (Nigella Sativa) Oil Extract at 5.83 and the Deconex at 0. And at 48 hours, there was also a significant difference since the bacterial colony count on the petri dishes with Cumin (Nigella Sativa) Oil Extract was too many to count and a 0.83 bacterial colony count for the petri dishes with the Deconex.
 Conclusion: The Cumin (Nigella Sativa) seed oil extract is not suitable to use as an alternative disinfectant of dental surfaces lonely. But some of its ingredients such as thymoquinone and hydroquinone can be used to produce a disinfecting solution.

Development and Assessment of Black Seed Planter

Black seed (Nigella sativa), which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae, is a widely used medicinal plant all over the world. Nigella sativa seeds and oil have been used in the treatment of different diseases. The aim of the present investigation is to develop and evaluate the performance of a planter to be used for planting black seed. The developed black seed planter consists of three hitching points, frame, seed hopper, four vertical rollers with cells metering, shovel furrow openers and chain covering devices. Laboratory experiments were carried out as a function of change in metering device speed; cells shape (cylinder and truncated cone (and cells volume (0.98, 1.41 and 1.92 cm3). While, field experiments were conducted to optimize machine forward speed. The machine performance was studied in terms of seed damage, plant scattering, emergency, crop yield, specific energy and planting cost. The experimental results reveal that the developed black seed planter is recommended to be used under the following conditions: forward speed of 4 km/h and cell volume of 1.92 cm3 with truncated cone cells. The obtained results at optimum conditions were: plant emergence of 94.71%, seed yield 0.73 Mg/fed, ground wheel slip of 4.5 %, required power of 5.21 kW, specific energy of 3.94 kW h/fed, field capacity of 1.32 fed/h, hourly cost of 84.37 L/E./h, operational cost of 63.74 L.E/fed and production cost of 86.72 L.E./Mg.

Effect of Nigella sativa oil extract on cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 43 patients with T2D (23 women and 20 men; aged 53.5 ± 7.4 years). The intervention group (N= 23) received two 500-mg per day soft gel capsules containing Nigella sativa oil extract and the control group (N= 20) received two identical placebo soft gel capsules containing sunflower oil per day for the same period, 8 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention cardiometabolic risk factors were measured. Compared with the placebo, the N. sativa oil significantly decreased FBS (p= .03(, HbA1c (p= .001), total cholesterol (p= .04), TG (p= .003), LDL-c (p= .001), BMI (p< .001), waist circumference (p< .001), SBP (p= .001), and DBP (p= .002). HOMA-IR (p= .51) and HDL-c (p= .91) did not change significantly following Nigella sativa supplementation. Nigella sativa oil exerted beneficial effects on glycemic control, serum lipid profile, blood pressure, and body weight among people with T2D. Further long-term trials in the future may help confirm the current therapeutic benefits of Nigella sativa in T2D.

Evaluation of Nigella sativa oil loaded electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous mat as wound dressing

Electrospun nanofibers have a natural wound healing effect due to their similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Nigella sativa oil, which has therapeutic properties, is used for a wide variety of applications in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the release characteristic and wound healing performance of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) loaded polyurethane (PU) electrospun nanofibrous mats in wound dressing applications. In addition, the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the electrospun mats were studied. Analyses using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that PU/NSO nanofibrous mat with an average fiber diameter of 416 ± 66 nm were successfully fabricated. NSO was released at a maximum ratio of 30% from the electrospun mat, and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was identified as best for determining the release mechanism. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (90.26%) and Escherichia coli (95.75%). The developed PU/NSO nanofibrous mat increased the cell viability more than 100% in human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC) cell line. The NSO loaded PU nanofibrous mat significantly promoted the wound healing process on a rat wound model, and its wound closure reached approximately 85% compared to the control groups on the 9th day (p < 0.01). The results indicated PU/NSO nanofibrous mat is a suitable candidate for a wound dressing.

Chlorpyrifos impaired cerebellar oxidative and cholinesterase activities in rats: Mitigating efficacy of Nigella sativa Oil

Background: Motor dysfunctions are some of the characteristic symptoms of organophosphate (OP) poisoning and they have been associated with decreased levels of cholinesterase inhibition within motor areas of the brain.&#x0D; Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in alleviating chlorpyrifos (CPF) induced toxicity in the cerebella and motor cortices of the rat brains using combined behavioural, biochemical and histochemical methods.&#x0D; Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats per group), exposed to 1ml/kg of normal saline, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF plus 1ml/kg of NSO and 1ml/kg of NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. The rats were each exposed to a single trial of the Open Field Test (OFT) on day 13 of the experiment. This experimental test measured locomotor activity levels (line crossing frequency (LCF)) and exploratory (rearing frequency (RF)) activities in the rats studied. The rats were euthanized on day 15 of the experiment and the brains were subsequently excised. The cerebella cortices of five brains were removed and homogenised to analyse for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The motor and cerebella cortices from three other brains in each group were processed for histology (Nissl stain) and proliferative activity (Ki67 immunohistochemistry).&#x0D; Results: Rats exposed to CPF experienced a significant increase in cerebella NO and ROS levels, depletion in AChE activity, neurogenic cells loss and subsequent reduction in locomotor and exploratory behaviours respectively (LCF and RF). However, interventional treatment with NSO depleted markers of oxidative damage (NO and ROS), reduced AChE inhibition, preserved neurogenic (Ki67) cells distribution and motor functions.&#x0D; Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential efficacy of NSO in OP poisoning and the roles of neurogenic and oxidative functions in the pathophysiology and treatment of motor dysfunction in OP neurotoxicity.

Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Improves Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Independent of the Use of Nigella Sativa Oil or Normal Saline Mouthwash; Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVES: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of microbial origin that harms the health of the oral tissues. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of Nigella sativa oil mouthwash given for two weeks after non-surgical therapy in patients with CP. METHODOLOGY: This study was a parallel-arm randomized controlled trial that was conducted after ethical approval and registered with clinicaltrials.gov. The trial followed the guidelines of CONSORT and triple blinding was ensured. A total of fifty voluntary participants, after giving consent and being evaluated for clinical parameters of CP that included Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD), CAL (Clinical Attachment Loss), PI (Plaque Index) and BoP (Bleeding on Probing) were divided into a control group and a treatment group. Both groups underwent scaling and root planning and were given normal saline solution or Nigella sativa oil respectively to be used as mouthwash daily for two weeks. The clinical parameters were recorded after two weeks and data was analyzed using SPSS (version 25.0). RESULTS: It was noted that a statistically significant change was found in the pre-treatment and post-treatment values of all CP parameters in both the groups after the use of normal saline and Nigella sativa oil mouthwash. No statistically significant results were obtained when clinical parameters were evaluated between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical periodontal parameters of PI, CAL, PPD and BoP improved in both study groups two weeks following non-surgical periodontal therapy irrespective of the Nigella Sativa oil-based mouthwash or normal saline-based mouthwash used. It is suggested that either both types of mouthwashes had a beneficial effect or sub-gingival ultrasonic instrumentation itself was enough for improvement of periodontal health irrespective of the mouthwash used. KEYWORDS: Nigella sativa, Chronic periodontitis, Normal Saline, Oral Health, Dental, Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy

The Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Oil Supplementation on Hematotoxicity Induced by Benzene in Gasoline Vapors from Gas Stations in Male Wistar Rats

This study aimed to prove the effect of black cumin oil supplementation through analysis of levels of CYP2E1, MDA, GSH, and hematological profiles in experimental animals, Wistar rats, which were exposed to benzene in gasoline vapors from gas stations. Sixty-four experimental Wistar rats were divided into eight groups with eight rats each, two control groups (C1 and C2), and six experimental groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6). Blood samples of experimental rats were taken through intracardiac with ketamine-xylazineacepromazine anesthesia on day 15 for group C1, C2, T1, T3, and T5; and day 29 for group T2, T4, and T6. The ELISA method measured the levels of CYP2E1, GSH, and MDA in this study, while the hematological profile used a hematology analyzer. This study indicates that benzene in gasoline vapors exposure caused significant hematotoxicity (P &lt;0.05). Supplementation of black cumin seed oil at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg, 5 ml/kg, and 10 ml/kg, all of which have the potential to provide a protective effect against the hematotoxicity of benzene in gasoline vapors through increased internal antioxidants (GSH). The GSH can play a role in the mechanism of vapor metabolism of substances in gasoline vapors in the body through decreased CYP2E1 levels and decreased MDA levels. Further research is still needed with a more extended treatment duration to ascertain the chronic effects of benzene hematotoxicity on the genomic pathway to assess black cumin’s role, whether in the form of oil, powder, or other forms of extraction.

Nigella sativa oil inhibits proliferation and stimulates apoptosis of human lymphocytes in vitro

The study aimed to examine the in vitro influence of Nigella sativa oil on human lymphocytes. Cells were stimulated with a monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of serial oil ethanol dilutions. Then their proliferation and apoptosis rates were assessed using flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate that the lowest dilutions (1:1 and 1:10) of Nigella sativa oil inhibited lymphocytes’ proliferation. The number of cell divisions was 8, 1.25, 1.88 after stimulation with anti-CD3, or its combination with 1:1 and 1:10 oil dilution. The percentage of proliferating cells was 92.48%, 8.75%, 24.3% after stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody, or its combination with 1:1 and 1:10 oil dilution. The mean percentage of living cells was 81% after stimulation with anti-CD3, 13.6%, 19.9% in the presence of 1:1 and 1:10 oil dilution. The preliminary studies show that black seed oil has a potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on human lymphocytes in vitro.

Nigella sativa as a promising intervention for metabolic and inflammatory disorders in obese prediabetic subjects: A comparative study of Nigella sativa versus both lifestyle modification and metformin.

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Nigella sativa (NS) on anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters and examining its related molecular mechanisms in obese prediabetic individuals as compared to both lifestyle modification (LM) and Metformin (Met). This study included 117 obese prediabetic subjects who were randomized into LM group which followed controlled diet and exercise regimen, metformin group received metformin 500 mg tablets twice daily and NS group received NS oil soft gelatin capsules 450 mg twice daily. Anthropometric (weight, BMI), glycemic, lipid, inflammatory parameters and genetic expressions of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and p53 genes were assessed before and six months after interventions. Post-intervention pairwise comparison revealed that, NS was statistically similar to metformin in improving anthropometric, glycemic parameters and SIRT1 gene expression. There was non-significant difference between LM and NS regarding their effects on anthropometric and most of glycemic parameters. Lifestyle modification group showed significantly higher HOMA-B and SIRT1 expression than NS and metformin. Nigella sativa improved lipid panel and significantly reduced TNF-α level and Castelli risk index-I as compared to other interventions. Nigella sativa uniquely improved lipid panel and significantly suppressed inflammation. Therefore, Nigella sativa may represent a promising intervention for obese prediabetic subjects. Clinicaltrial.gov ID: NCT03925714.

Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil Against Indomethacin-Related Small Intestine and Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats

Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil Against Indomethacin-Related Small Intestine and Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats

Nigella sativa oil protects against emamectin benzoate-Induced neurotoxicity in rats.

This study evaluated the ameliorative impact of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on emamectin benzoate (EMB) neurotoxicity. Thirty-five male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n = 7). G1 (control): received distilled water; G2: received NSO (3 ml. Kg-1 B.W.) for 6 weeks; G3: received EMB (9 mg kg-1 B.W.) for 6 weeks; G4: was co-treated with NSO and EMB for 6 weeks; G5: was treated with EMB for 4 weeks then, received NSO for 2 weeks. All treatments were given orally every other day. EMB increased serum urea, creatinine levels; brain dopamine, serotonin, malondialdehyde levels; brain expression levels of caspase 3 and TNF-α. While, it decreased serum total protein, albumin, brain GABA, AChE, GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD levels. Histopathological findings revealed hemorrhage, congestion, severe degeneration, and edema of the brain tissues. NSO reversed the EMB-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. This NSO effect is mostly due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. These findings suggest NSO as a potential protective and therapeutic agent for EMB-induced neurotoxicity.

Effects of Nigella sativa oil supplementation on selected metabolic parameters and anthropometric indices in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Various metabolic parameters are risk factors related to the amplified risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A wide variety of data exist on Nigella sativa (NS) and metabolic parameters. The current study is designed to examine NS supplementation on lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemic control, anthropometric indices, and insulin resistance in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients with CAD received either 2 g of NS oil or sunflower oil as a placebo for 8 weeks. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were assessed. NS significantly reduced weight (-1.82 Kg; 95% C, [2.72, 4.13]), body mass index (-0.67 kg/m2 ; 95% C, [0.33, 1.01]), waist circumference (-2.15 cm; 95% C, [1.06, 3.23]), hip circumference (-1.26 cm; 95% C, [0.61, 1.910]), waist-to-hip ratio (0.008; 95%C, [0.001, 0.01]), systolic (-9.52 mmHg; 95% C, [7.14, 11.9]), diastolic blood pressure (-8.26 mmHg; 95% C, [4.89, 11.62]), and fasting blood glucose (FBS) (-4.32 mg/dl; 95% C, [-0.51, 9.15]) as compared with the placebo group. The results indicate a potential beneficiary effect of NS on the metabolic parameters in CAD patients including improvements in anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and FBS.

Effects of Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone on radiation-induced oxidative stress in kidney tissue of rats

Ionizing radiation leads to release of free radicals into the systemic circulation from irradiated tissues. These free radicals cause oxidative stress in distant organs. Oxidative status may be reversed by naturally occurring antioxidant agents. The aim of this study was to investigate protective and antioxidant effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ) in kidney tissue of rats exposed to cranial irradiation. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: IR group received irradiation (IR) to total cranium plus saline; IR plus NSO group received IR and NSO; IR plus TQ group received IR and TQ; sham group did not receive NSO, TQ or IR; control group of TQ received dimethyl sulfoxide; control group of NSO received saline. Total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels were studied as oxidative parameters, and total antioxidant status (TAS), total sulfhydryl levels, paraoxonase (PON), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and arylesterase activities were determined as antioxidative parameters in the kidney tissue of rats. Kidney TOS, OSI and LOOH levels were significantly lower in IR plus TQ, IR plus NSO and sham groups compared to IR group (p < 0.001). TAS, PON and Cp activities in IR group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001). PON and Cp activities were significantly higher in IR plus NSO and IR plus TQ groups compared to IR group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, free radicals generated by cranial ionizing radiation exposure cause oxidative stress in kidney. NSO and TQ exhibit protective and antioxidant effects against oxidative damage in rats.

Dual loading of Nigella sativa oil-atorvastatin in chitosan–carboxymethyl cellulose nanogel as a transdermal delivery system

Both Nigella sativa oil and atorvastatin possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties that benefit wound healing. In this work, chitosan–carboxymethyl cellulose was loaded on N. sativa oil to synthesize oil nanogel (ONG) which was later used to load with atorvastatin to obtain atorvastatin-oil nanogel (ATONG). Evaluation of the particle size of ONG and ATONG proved the average of 172 and 193 nm, and their surface charges were found to be 32.2 and 34.7 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of the sample showed that the particles had homogeneous size distributions with spherical structures. Moreover, drug loading efficiency, drug release, and stability of ATONG were investigated, and their results confirmed the appropriate loading and release of atorvastatin. Cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrated that ATONG can safely release atorvastatin intracellularly in fibroblasts. Results from in vitro skin permeation of ONG and ATONG also revealed that the nanogels (NGs) has proper flux through the skin layers. The in vitro wound closure assay for ATONG verified the proliferation and migration capabilities of fibroblasts, confirming the positive effect on wound-healing applications. In scratch model of fibroblasts, the treatment with ATONG resulted in an increase in the expression of the FGF2, TGF-β1, and VEGF genes involved in fibroblast proliferation and migration aimed at wound healing (p < .001). ATONG, also demonstrated bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis species. Based on the results, ONG and ATONG exhibited great potential to be used as a transdermal drug carrier and skin wound healing NG, respectively.

Pathological assessment of Nigella sativa oil and its chitosan loaded nanoparticles on experimental hepatic cystic echinoncoccosis

Background: Hydatid cyst is one of the most common cysts detected in the liver. Surgery is the preferredapproach in treatment, but surgery may have serious complications as anaphylaxis, implantation ofscolices, and formation of secondary cysts. Medical treatment with surgery decreases probability of thesecomplications.Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), Albendazole (ABZ) and chitosannanoparticles (CS NPs) as drug carrier to increase the efficacy of ABZ and NSO.Material and Methods: Mice were infected with E. granulosus scolices and classified according to drugsschedule into five groups (G): G (3) was infected and treated with ABZ; G (4) was infected and treated withNSO; G (5) was infected and treated with NSO and ABZ; G (6) was infected and treated with ABZ loadedon CS NPs, G (7) was infected and treated with NSO loaded on CS NPs. Two control groups were assigned:G (1) was non infected non treated and G (2) was infected non treated. Four months post infection, micewere sacrificed and collected livers of each group were sectioned for histopathology.Results: Histopathological studies revealed that groups treated with drugs loaded on CS NPs contained nohydatid cysts with improvement in the degree of inflammation, necrosis, and congestion of hepatic tissue.Conclusion: It was concluded that the best curative effect was observed in groups treated with drugsloaded on CS NPs.

Effect of Nigella sativa oil extract on inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common chronic disease and a challenging global health problem. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of DM. The experimental studies have shown that Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil extract is a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant substance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of N. sativa among adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A double-blind placebo controlled trial was designed. A total of 43 participants were assigned into either intervention (N=23) or control (N=20) conditions. The intervention group received 500 mg N. sativa capsules twice a day, while control group received identical amounts of placebo capsules twice a day for 8 weeks. Dietary intake, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and fasting blood samples were measured at baseline and one week post-intervention. Results: Findings revealed significant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) within the intervention condition, although between-group analysis did not show any significant changes neither for MAD nor NO. Besides, within- and between-group analyses did not show any significant differences pre- and post-intervention for interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Conclusions: The current study revealed favorable effects for N. sativa oil extract in reducing MDA and NO among people with T2D. However, future research is needed to establish potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative responses of N. sativa in diabetes.