Nickel Zinc Ferrite Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of pH‐Responsive Microbeads Incorporated with Nickel Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin

AbstractThe development of a pH‐responsive, biocompatible polymeric carrier for controlled delivery of bioactive agents holds significant practical value for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we used the gelation method to make pH‐responsive polymeric microbeads using sodium alginate (SA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), and nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) nanoparticles for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). The generated microbeads are characterized using various techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Swelling studies reveal enhanced permeability at pH 6.4, and in vitro release studies demonstrate a higher release rate at pH 6.4 compared to pH 2.0. Cytotoxicity tests on MCF‐7 cells (a type of breast cancer cell line) showed that NZF‐loaded microbeads, especially SP‐NZFNPs‐DOX, were more effective than other carriers, indicating their potential usefulness in cancer treatment. Furthermore, biocompatibility tests demonstrate that the SA/PVPVA microbeads and nanoparticles are biocompatible with 3T3 fibroblasts. This study contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, emphasizing the synergistic role of NZF nanoparticles, SA, and PVPVA in optimizing drug delivery systems.

Magnetic Properties of a Nickel–Zinc Ferrite Powder with Different Degrees of Dispersion

The influence of the degree of dispersion of a nickel–zinc ferrite powder of a Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 composition on its magnetic properties has been considered. The material has been synthesized using the ceramic technology with preliminary mechanical activation of precursors. The degree of dispersion has been varied using different modes of its dry grinding in a ball mill. The patterns of the changes in saturation magnetization and the coercive force as a function of grinding modes and a specific surface area of the ferrite powder have been established. The changes in the pattern of the magnetic phase transition in the region of the Curie temperature of materials with different degrees of dispersion have been determined.

Electrospun mesoporous Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 - CNT - hollow carbon ternary composite nanofibers as high performance electrodes for advanced symmetric supercapacitors.

Despite being potential electrode materials for supercapacitors, Spinel ferrites suffer from poor electronic conductivity and low specific capacity. We have addressed this limitation by synthesizing composite hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNF) embedded with nanostructured Nickel Zinc Ferrite (NZF) and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), through coaxial electrospinning. These ternary composite nanofibers NZF-CNT-HCNF have a high specific capacity of 833 C g-1at a current density of 1 A g-1and have a capacity retention of 90% after 3000 cycles. This is much better than that of pure NZF fibers (180 C g-1) or hollow carbon nanofibers (96 C g-1), suggesting synergy between various constituents of the composite. A symmetric supercapacitor fabricated from NZF-CNT-HCNF composite nanofibers (30% NZF) has a high specific capacity of 302 C g-1(302 A g-1) at a current density of 1 A g-1and has a capacity retention of 95% after 5000 cycles. At the same current density, the device has a high energy density of 39 Whkg-1and power density of 1000 Wkg-1at a current density of 1 A g-1. This performance can be attributed to high specific surface area (776 m2g-1), mesoporosity (pore size ~ 4 nm) and high electrical conductivity of CNTs..

Unveiling the structural, optical, electrical, and ferromagnetic properties of Ca2+ doped mixed spinel ferrites for switching field high-frequency device applications

In this paper, the calcium-doped nickel-zinc nano-ferrites [Ni0.5Zn0.5CaxFe2-xO4; x = 0.00, 0.10, and 0.30] were prepared using the chemical co-precipitation synthesis route and studied for switching field high-frequency device applications. The structural analysis has been completed by analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The Rietveld refined XRD patterns confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure of Ca2+ substituted nickel-zinc ferrites. The detection of metal-oxygen bonds present at A and B lattice sites has been unveiled by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphological studies obtained through FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) analysis showed a reduction in the particle size from 70 nm to 53 nm when the concentration of Ca2+ ions in Ni-Zn ferrites was increased. Energy dispersive spectra (EDS) confirmed the presence of elements present in the prepared composition. The structure of a cubic spinel-shaped unit cell has been verified from three active prominent Raman modes (A1g, A2g, and T2g). Diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) exhibits the increment in the bandgap values (from 1.55 eV to 1.63 eV) which helps fabricate highly efficient photovoltaic devices. The ferroelectric measurements yielded a rise in polarization values from 1.461 μC/cm2 to 18.228 μC/cm2 for 10 % Ca2+ ion substitution. The tangent loss values declined from 24 to 3 in Ni-Zn ferrites upon substituting Ca2+ ions. The Vibrating sample Magnetometer (VSM) technique found the increment in the saturation magnetization (Ms) values from 34.724 emu/g to 54.662 emu/g on substituting up to 30 % Ca2+ ions in Ni-Zn ferrites. These obtained results support the material in switching field distribution for high-frequency applications. The results exhibited that the prepared samples can be applicable for switching devices, filters, and microwave absorption devices. The results revealed the maximum frequency between 12 and 18 GHz which is useful for Ku band absorption.

Optical analysis of ferrite films using spectroscopic ellipsometry

This work presents the optical properties of nickel zinc ferrite, nickel copper zinc ferrite, and nickel cobalt zinc ferrite films prepared on Si/SiO2 substrates using the sol-gel and spin-coating technique. A J.A. Woollam Company RC2 model D variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer was used to measure the amplitude ratio (Ψ) and phase difference (Δ) of the films annealed at two distinct temperatures (500 and 800 °C). Measurements were taken at three incident angles (55°, 65°, and 75°) across the spectral range of 190–1000 nm, with a step size of 1 nm. The acquired data were subjected to modeling using a summation of Kramers–Kronig consistent oscillators to determine the film thickness and complex optical functions (refractive index and extinction coefficient) with a minimized mean-squared error. Additionally, incorporating a surface roughness layer notably enhanced the accuracy, with the roughness described using the Bruggeman effective medium approximation reflecting a 50%–50% mixture between the film's optical constants and those of air (void). The experimental and simulated (Ψ, Δ) spectra as a function of wavelength at angles 55°, 65°, and 75° for the NZF, NCuZF, and NCoZF films annealed at 500 and 800 °C are provided. The refractive index and extinction coefficient values as a function of wavelength for NZF, NCuZF, and NCoZF films annealed at 500 and 800 °C are also included. The elucidated optical properties of these films hold potential for application in various optoelectronic devices, including solar cells.

Entropy optimization in multigrade motor oil based nanofluid: a spectral and sensitivity analysis with particle shape and dispersion effects

PurposeThis study aims to enhance heat transfer efficiency while minimizing friction factor and entropy generation in the flow of Nickel zinc ferrite (NiZnFe2O4) nanoparticles suspended in multigrade 20W-40 motor oil (as specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers). The investigation focuses on the effects of the melting process, nonspherical particle shapes, thermal dispersion and viscous dissipation on the nanofluid flow.Design/methodology/approachThe fundamental governing equations are transformed into a set of similarity equations using Lie group transformations. The resulting set of equations is numerically solved using the spectral local linearization method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) is conducted to evaluate the influence of key parameters on response function.FindingsHigher dispersion reduces entropy production. Needle-shaped particles significantly enhance heat transfer by 27.65% with melting and reduce entropy generation by 45.32%. Increasing the Darcy number results in a reduction of friction by 16.06%, lower entropy by 31.72% and an increase in heat transfer by 17.26%. The Nusselt number is highly sensitive to thermal dispersion across melting and varying volume fraction parameters.Originality/valueThis study addresses a significant research gap by exploring the combined effects of melting, particle shapes and thermal dispersion on nanofluid flow, which has not been thoroughly investigated before. The focus on practical applications such as fuel cells, material processing, biomedicine and various cooling systems underscores its relevance to sectors such as nuclear reactors, tumor treatments and manufacturing. The incorporation of RSM for friction factor analysis introduces a unique dimension to the research, offering novel insights into optimizing nanofluid performance under diverse conditions.

Impact of activation energy and thermal radiation on hybrid nanofluid (engine oil + nickel zinc ferrite + manganese zinc ferrite) flow over a wavy cylinder in the presence of induced magnetic field

Impact of activation energy and thermal radiation on hybrid nanofluid (engine oil + nickel zinc ferrite + manganese zinc ferrite) flow over a wavy cylinder in the presence of induced magnetic field

Response surface methodology-based new model to optimize heat transfer and shear stress for ferrites/motor oil hybrid nanofluid

PurposeThis study aims to optimize heat transfer efficiency and minimize friction factor and entropy generation in hybrid nanofluid flows through porous media. By incorporating factors such as melting effect, buoyancy, viscous dissipation and no-slip velocity on a stretchable surface, the aim is to enhance overall performance. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using response surface methodology is used to evaluate the influence of key parameters on response functions.Design/methodology/approachAfter deriving suitable Lie-group transformations, the modeled equations are solved numerically using the “spectral local linearization method.” This approach is validated through rigorous numerical comparisons and error estimations, demonstrating strong alignment with prior studies.FindingsThe findings reveal that higher Darcy numbers and melting parameters are associated with decreased entropy (35.86% and 35.93%, respectively) and shear stress, increased heat transmission (16.4% and 30.41%, respectively) in hybrid nanofluids. Moreover, response surface methodology uses key factors, concerning the Nusselt number and shear stress as response variables in a quadratic model. Notably, the model exhibits exceptional accuracy with $R^2$ values of 99.99% for the Nusselt number and 100.00% for skin friction. Additionally, optimization results demonstrate a notable sensitivity to the key parameters.Research limitations/implicationsLubrication is a vital method to minimize friction and wear in the automobile sector, contributing significantly to energy efficiency, environmental conservation and carbon reduction. The incorporation of nickel and manganese zinc ferrites into SAE 20 W-40 motor oil lubricants, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, significantly improves their performance, particularly in terms of tribological attributes.Originality/valueThis work stands out for its focus on applications such as hybrid electromagnetic fuel cells and nano-magnetic material processing. While these applications are gaining interest, there is still a research gap regarding the effects of melting on heat transfer in a NiZnFe_2O_4-MnZnFe_2O_4/20W40 motor oil hybrid nanofluid over a stretchable surface, necessitating a thorough investigation that includes both numerical simulations and statistical analysis.

Comparative investigation of magneto-fluorescent core@shell nanostructures prepared using hard and soft ferrite as core

The paper focuses on the potential of magneto-fluorescent nanostructures intended to join simultaneously several functions of dissimilar core and shell material into a single entity. Two different types of magneto-fluorescent nanostructures with a broad array of physicochemical properties are premeditated and collated here. Strontium hexaferrite (Hard ferrite) core with CdS shell and Nickel Zinc ferrite (Soft ferrite) core with CdS shell are the two sets of magneto fluorescent nanostructures that were designed. Magnetic and optical analysis of both sets provides divergent outcomes. The shape of the derivative hysteresis curve gives a direct indication of the dissimilar nature (superparamagnetic & Permanent magnetic) of magnetic cores respectively. Optical results depict that both sets of magneto-fluorescent nanostructures are highly stable showing emission only in the position of the CdS shell only.

Synthesis and characterization of cerium doped NiZn nano ferrites as substrate material for multi band MIMO antenna.

In addressing issues related to electromagnetic interference, the demand for ferrite materials with exceptional magnetic and dielectric properties has escalated recently. In this research, sol-gel auto combustion technique prepared Nickel zinc ferrites substituted with cerium, denoted as Ni0.5Zn0.5Ce0.02Fe1.98O4.X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Field Emissions Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were used to investigate the structure, magnetic properties, and morphology of Cerium doped NiZn Nano ferrites, respectively. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the sample was examined within a frequency range of 2.5-5.5 GHz. Sample exhibits low permittivity (2.2), high permeability (1.4), low dielectric (0.35) and magnetic loss tangent (-0.5) and highest saturation magnetization measuring 30.28 emu/g. A Novel Double-band, 4x4 MIMO window grill-modeled antennas operating on 3.5 GHz and 4.8 GHz frequency bands for 5G smartphones is designed using the CST microwave studio suite. The performance of window grilled 4x4 MIMO antenna model with Cerium doped NiZn nano ferrites as substrate, is investigated and found the return loss of -35 and -32 dB, with the bandwidth of 200MHz, gain (1.89 & 4.38dBi), envelope correlation coefficient (0.00185), channel capacity loss (0.2bps/Hz), and interterminal isolation of (22& 19dB).The results show that the antenna size is reduced with improved bandwidth, higher isolation and better diversity gain performance using Cerium doped NiZn nano ferrite substrate compared to conventional dielectric substrates.

Numerical Approach of NiZnFe2O4 (Nickel–Zinc Ferrite) – Ethylene Glycol Magneto Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Shrinking Sheet with Chemical Reaction and Radiation

The objective of this study is to conduct a numerical examination of the influence of nonlinear chemical reaction and heat source or sink on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transmission nanofluid flow through a shrinking permeable surface. In addition, the investigation considers thermal radiation and the occurrence of viscous dissipation. Ethylene glycol (EG) is used as the primary fluid medium, whilst the nanoparticles consist of nickel–zinc ferrite. The use of nanofluid flow has garnered significant interest as a result of its potential applications across several sectors. Nanofluids possess a notable benefit in comparison to traditional fluids as a consequence of their enhanced heat transfer capabilities. This advantage may be ascribed to the inclusion of nanoparticles, which augment thermal conductivity and therefore lead to enhanced heat dissipation and efficiency. The mathematical flow model, which is formulated using nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), may be transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the application of suitable similarity conversions. In order to address the complexities of the nonlinear system, the bvp4c and shooting techniques are used inside the MATLAB program, a widely utilized commercial platform, to effectively solve the associated ODEs by numerical means. This study presents a graphical analysis of the effects of flow parameters on several variables of interest.

Enhanced rate capability in lithium-sulfur batteries using hybrid carbon nanotubes and NZFO-coated separator

Developing lithium-sulfur batteries (LiSBs) performance is vital for sustainable development. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance LiSBs performance by fabricating a sulfur composite cathode using hybrid-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) denoted as M/S-CNT and a nickel-zinc ferrite (NZFO)-coated separator. The batteries with modified separators (M/S-CNT-NZFO) exhibited remarkable achievements, showcasing significantly enhanced high-rate capabilities [∼527 mAh/g at 3350 mA/g (2C)] and a substantial reduction in polarization. Cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed a diffusion-controlled dominated charge storage mechanism, and the modified separator effectively improved lithium-ion transportation, leading to a notable decrease in charge transfer resistance observed in the simulation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra. This work highlights the impressive high-rate capability and reduced polarization achieved in the M/S-CNT-NZFO cells. Recognizing that high-rate capability is crucial for fast-charging devices, this approach stands out as a compelling strategy to establish the electrochemical stability of LiSBs in applications demanding rapid charging.

Structural, micro-structure, magnetic and dynamic magneto-elastic properties of samarium-doped nickel-zinc spinel ferrites for efficient power conversion applications

Development of high-quality ferrites behaved enhanced properties via inclusion of ions in 3dn and 4fn series are desirable for efficient power conversion solid-state devices. Nevertheless, inadequate microscopic behaviors with complex chemistry in materials enables researchers to design and produce the macroscopic target device that remained rudimentary and mindless. In this work, the microscopic properties in nickel-zinc spinel ferrite series of Ni0.8Zn0.2SmxFe2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) encompassing XRD, SEM, EDS, VSM, FTIR and ESR were systemically characterized, and the evolutionary mechanism of the corresponding structural, micro-structure, elemental composition and distribution, magnetic, cations exchange, and micro-magnetic behavior was profoundly revealed. Under microscopic examinations, the optimum composition at x = 0.02 with well-arranged spinel structure, dense texture with expected elemental composition, favorable soft magnetic properties and micro-magnetic behaviors is evident. Fortunately, this optimum is in coincidence with the achievable maximum magneto-mechanical coefficient, even the macroscopic electric properties with stronger magnetoelectric (ME) interactions and higher power conversion efficiency (PE) in tri-layered ME samples as expected. Experimental results show that the eventual PE reaches its maximum of 75.67 % under Ropt = 33kΩ for samples at x = 0.02, and exhibit a 2.24 times higher PE than that of sample without samarium substitution. These findings provide a holographic perspective to connect the microscopic beneficial effects of materials to bulk device that are promising for efficient power conversion solid-state electronics.

Polymer composites with magnetically active Eu-substituted NiZn ferrite fillers

In this research, the influence of Eu substitution on structural, quasi-static as well as dynamic (electro)magnetic properties of nickel zinc ferrites has been studied. The correlation of increasing europium content in the substituted NiZn ferrite filler with constant concentration (60 vol%) and the frequency dispersion of the complex permeability in magnetically active composite samples has been explored as well. Eu-substituted nickel-zinc ferrites with chemical composition Ni0.3Zn0.7EuxFe2-xO4, where x changes from 0.00 to 0.10 (step 0.02) ions per formula unit (i./f.u.), have been selected for their high initial permeability and in general good other magnetic parameters. On contrary, non-substituted ferrite of this composition exhibits undesirably low Curie temperature inconvenient for the use of these materials even at room temperatures. Therefore, Eu has been selected as a substituent for its known ability to increase the Curie temperature of prepared ferrites. The ferrites have been synthesized by means of the conventional solid state reaction method including double sintering at the temperatures of 950 °C and 1200 °C and used as magnetically active fillers incorporated into the magnetic polymer composites. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) has been used as the polymeric matrix. In spite of substituent amount x being the only parameter changing intentionally, the behavior of both the ferrite filler (deterministic until the creation of the second, non-magnetic, phase above x = 0.04) and the ferrite/PVC composites is quite hard to explain, and validate quantitatively, on the basis of simple theoretical assumptions. Nevertheless, the experiments confirmed positive effect of europium on the increase of Curie temperature. Also, the peak frequency of the imaginary component of the complex permeability has been found to be very sensitive to x, thus offering an effective tool for tuning the high-frequency properties of the composites useable for various applications, especially the shielding of microwave electromagnetic fields.

A Study of Magnetic Phase Transitions in Nickel Zinc Ferrites with Differing Structure

A Study of Magnetic Phase Transitions in Nickel Zinc Ferrites with Differing Structure

Magnetoelectric Properties of Multiferroic Composites Based on BaTiO3 and Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Material.

The purpose of the present study was to learn the morphological, structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, electromechanical, magnetoelectric, and magnetic properties, and DC conductivity of BaTiO3-Ni0.64Zn0.36Fe2O4 (BT-F) multiferroic composites compacted via the free sintering method. The influence of the ferrite content in ceramic composite materials on the functional properties is investigated and discussed. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the presence of two main phases of the composite, with strong reflections originating from BaTiO3 and weak peaks originating from nickel-zinc ferrite. BT-F ceramic composites have been shown to exhibit multiferroism at room temperature. All studied compositions have high permittivity values and low dielectric loss, while the ferroelectric properties of the BT component are maintained at a high level. On the other hand, magnetic properties depend on the amount of the ferrite phase and are the strongest for the composition with 15 wt.% of F (magnetization at RT is 4.12 emu/g). The magnetoelectric coupling between BT and F phases confirmed by the lock-in technique is the largest for 15 wt.% ferrite. In the present work, the process conditions of the free sintering method for obtaining BT-F multiferroic composite with good electrical and magnetic properties (in one material) were optimized. An improved set of multifunctional properties allows the expansion of the possibilities of using multiferroic composites in microelectronics.

Study of iron ion distribution in rare earth (La, Pr, Sm, Dy) doped nickel-zinc spinel ferrites through Mössbauer spectroscopy

Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe1.95RE0.05O4 (RE=La, Pr, Sm, Dy) spinel ferrites were prepared using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that doping with rare earth ions increases the lattice parameters of the ferrites, accompanied by a decreasing trend due to lanthanide contraction. Mössbauer spectrum showed that rare earth ion doping facilitates the migration of iron ions from B sites to A sites, with the extent of migration increasing alongside the atomic number of the rare earth elements. Vibrating sample magnetometer tests indicated a general decrease in saturation magnetization following rare earth ion doping. A comprehensive investigation into the effects of different rare earth ion dopings on the properties of Ni-Zn ferrites was conducted by calculating theoretical magnetic moments and comparing them with the experimentally measured values. This comparison elucidated the mechanism behind the magnetic alterations in rare earth-doped spinel ferrites, providing theoretical support for future magnetic modulation in these materials.

Magnetic Properties of a Nickel–Zinc Ferrite Powder with Different Degrees of Dispersion

Magnetic Properties of a Nickel–Zinc Ferrite Powder with Different Degrees of Dispersion

Effect of Particle Size on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nickel–Zinc Ferrite Powder

Effect of Particle Size on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nickel–Zinc Ferrite Powder

Synthesis of Nanostructured Fibers of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite and Study of Their Photocatalytic Activity

Synthesis of Nanostructured Fibers of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite and Study of Their Photocatalytic Activity