Nickel Removal Efficiency Research Articles

Removal of Nickel by adsorption from Aqueous Solution of Cellulose Acetate-Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticle Mixed Matrix Membrane

Contamination of water resources by industrial effluents is very critical to the environment due to its high toxicity. Objective: The present work aims to develop a potential membrane for removal of nickel from aqueous solutions. Method/ Analysis: Cellulose acetate membranes with and without Zero Valent Iron nanoparticles (ZVI) were prepared by phase inversion method. The removal of nickel ions from aqueous solution was studied by vacuum filtration process and the results demonstrate that membrane with ZVI showed better performance. Hence, further experiments were carried out using a membrane with ZVI. The influence of variables such as contact time, initial pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage and initial ion concentration on the adsorption capacity of the membranes were investigated in a batch adsorption mode. Findings: Maximum removal efficiency of nickel was found to be 96%. The adsorption isotherms were better fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich model. Applications: Based on the experiments, it can be established that cellulose acetate membranes with nano particles are more effective for removal of nickel from aqueous solution.

FABRICATION OF CONTINUOUS ADSORBER FOR DIRECT TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTE WATER USING DRIED FLOWER WASTE

Water is an indispensable part of our lives. The waste water released from industries has the potential to be hazardous to human health. The safe and effective disposal of industrial waste water is thus a challenging task for industrialists and environmentalists. The industrial waste water released as effluent contains heavy metal ions such as cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium etc., which are toxic in nature. In this project, removal of Nickel – an important toxic metal coming from electroplating waste water, using flower waste (whose management is also important) as bio-sorbent was studied and carried out batch wise, continuously , finally fabricating a continuous adsorber that can handle electroplating waste directly. In order to remove color and other impurities Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) is also incorporated in the adsorber. In batch study, the effectiveness of adsorbents (i) Dried flower waste (ii) Granular activated carbon prepared from flower waste sequentially used in treating metal ion solution was determined. The efficiency of nickel removal was studied in both batch and continuous adsorber and compared.

Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation.

This study investigated the effects of four operational and environmental variables on the removal of trace metal contaminants from drinking water by electrocoagulation (EC). Removal efficiencies for five metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel) were compared under varying combinations of electrode material, post-treatment, water composition and pH. Iron electrodes out-performed aluminum electrodes in removing chromium and arsenic. At pH 6.5, aluminum electrodes were slightly more effective at removing nickel and cadmium, while at pH 8.5, iron electrodes were more effective for these metals. Regardless of electrode, cadmium and nickel removal efficiencies were higher at pH 8.5 than at pH 6.5. Post-EC treatment using membrane filtration (0.45 μm) enhanced contaminant removal for all metals but nickel. With the exception of lead, all metals exhibited poorer removal efficiencies as the ionic strength of the background electrolyte increased, particularly in the very high-solids synthetic groundwaters. Residual aluminum concentrations were lowest at pH 6.5, while iron residuals were lowest in low ionic strength waters. Both aluminum and iron residuals required post-treatment filtration to meet drinking water standards. EC with post-treatment filtration appears to effectively remove trace metal contaminants to potable water standards, but both reactor and source water parameters critically impact removal efficiency.

Comparative Study of Nickel Removal from Synthetic Wastewater by a Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Filter and a Zero Valent Iron—Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Filter

ABSTRACTNickel removal from wastewater by a zero valent iron sulfate-reducing bacteria (ZVI-SRB) filter and a sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) filter were investigated in this study on the basis of the assumption that integrating SRB with the ZVI system should enhance the removal efficiency of heavy metals from solution. The variation in oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH in the effluent indicated that ZVI provided favorable anaerobic conditions for SRB growth. Measurement of sulfate concentrations confirmed that ZVI promoted sulfate-reducing activity of SRB. When the nickel concentration of influent was 150 mg/l with a HRT of 19h, the nickel-removal efficiency was > 98% for the ZVI-SRB filter and 94.3–96.5% for the SRB filter; with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12h, the nickel-removal efficiency was 95.3–97.0% for the ZVI-SRB filter and 84.3–88.2% for the SRB filter, with a HRT of 6h, the nickel-removal efficiency was 94.2–96.5% for the ZVI-filter and 78.2–81.4% for the SRB filter. This result demonstrated that the ZVI-SRB filter had apparent advantages over the SRB filter, especially when filters were run with a shorter HRT. The scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA) analysis showed that nickel in the ZVI-SRB filter was mainly removed as nickel sulfide and zero valent nickel. This study demonstrated that a ZVI-SRB filter could be a promising technology for treating wastewater containing heavy metals and bioremediation of contaminated groundwater.

희생전극을 이용한 무전해 니켈 도금 폐수의 전기분해처리 최적화

The effluent limit of nickel from electroplating wastewater has been strengthened from 5 mg/L to 3 mg/L from 2014. However, currently applied treatment process for nickel plating wastewater is unable to meet the effluent limit, most of the treatment concept conducted by treatment plant is dilution with other metal bearing wastewater. This can cause very significant impact to the environment of nickel contamination. With this connection, the feasibility test has been conducted with the use of electrolysis by using sacrificial electrodes. Experiments were conducted in synthetic and electroless nickel plating wastewater. Optimal condition of current density, pH were derived from the synthetic wastewater. It was found that the removal efficiency of nickel exceeded 94% at the operation condition of at pH 9 and the current density of 1~2 mA/cm. At this conditions, the iron sludge was generated very low amount. However, it was unsuccessful to meet the effluent limit by applying these treatment conditions to the real electroplating wastewater. This can be explained due to the matrix effect of other metals and anions contained real electroplating wastewater. From the result of further study, the optimal conditions for the real wastewater treatment were found out to be at pH 9, current density 6~7 mA/cm, for 5 minutes of operating time. At these conditions, 88% removal of nickel was achieved, which results the residual nickel concentration was below 3 mg/L.

Extracellular synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles from Microbacterium sp. MRS-1 towards bioremediation of nickel electroplating industrial effluent

In the present study, a nickel resistant bacterium MRS-1 was isolated from nickel electroplating industrial effluent, capable of converting soluble NiSO4 into insoluble NiO nanoparticles and identified as Microbacterium sp. The formation of NiO nanoparticles in the form of pale green powder was observed on the bottom of the flask upon prolonged incubation of liquid nutrient medium containing high concentration of 2000ppm NiSO4. The properties of the produced NiO nanoparticles were characterized. NiO nanoparticles exhibited a maximum absorbance at 400nm. The NiO nanoparticles were 100–500nm in size with unique flower like structure. The elemental composition of the NiO nanoparticles was 44:39. The cells of MRS-1 were utilized for the treatment of nickel electroplating industrial effluent and showed nickel removal efficiency of 95%. Application of Microbacterium sp. MRS-1 would be a potential bacterium for bioremediation of nickel electroplating industrial waste water and simultaneous synthesis of NiO nanoparticles.

Simultaneous Recovery of Nickel and Cobalt from Aqueous Solutions using Complexation-Ultrafiltration Process

Simultaneous recovery of nickel and cobalt from aqueous solutions by complexation-ultrafiltration process with polyethylenimine (PEI) was studied. Experiments were performed as a function of polymer/metal ratio (P/M), solution pH, and ionic strength. Effects of concentration time on metal rejection and membrane flux were also studied. At optimum experimental conditions of pH 6.0 and P/M 5.0, the nickel removal efficiency reaches at 99.9% and cobalt removal efficiency goes to 96.4%. Both nickel and cobalt removal efficiencies decreased as the adding salt concentration increases. During 12 h of the ultrafiltration process, the decline of membrane flux was less than 16% and the removal efficiencies for both nickel and cobalt were kept almost constant. Diafiltration was further performed to regenerate PEI. The removal efficiencies for both metals using recycled PEI were found to be close to those with the original PEI. Results from the two-step process of complexation-UF and decomplexation-UF separation showed that it could be a promising method for simultaneous recovery of nickel and cobalt from aqueous solutions.

Application of sodium- and biogenic sulfide to the precipitation of nickel in a continuous reactor

Attention has been focused in recent decades upon the precipitation of metal sulfides from acid mine drainage (AMD) and pregnant leach solutions, due to the advantages of the sulfide precipitation process over traditional methods employing hydroxides. The aim of this work was thus to explore technologies for the precipitation of valuable metals, such as nickel using such sulfides (as either Na2S or biogenic sulfide). The recovery of nickel sulfide was improved when the initial pH of the solution containing each metal was set to 7. In such a condition the removal efficiency of nickel was 99.9%, corresponding to a residual level of 0.13mgL−1 for nickel in solution. Kinetic parameters for precipitation were determined from the particle size distributions (produced in an MSMPR reactor) using the method of moments, where the growth and nucleation rates, as well the agglomeration kernel, were calculated. The precipitation of nickel at an initial pH of 7 showed a nucleation rate value of 8.16×1018#m−3s−1, the highest volumetric growth rate (1.03×101μm−3s−1) and agglomeration kernel of 9.71×10−23m3#−1s−1. The biogenic sulfide was a suitable alternative to sodium sulfide for nickel removal. Both sodium sulfide and biogenic sulfide can be utilized to precipitate nickel as millerite (NiS), allowing the effluent compliant with environmental legislation.

Application of Fered-Fenton and chemical precipitation process for the treatment of electroless nickel plating wastewater

Electroless nickel plating wastewaters commonly contain the citrate chelating complex and the coexisting hypophosphite, which is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, typically lowers the catalytic efficiency of H2O2 by Fe2+ in Fenton reaction. Hence, in this work, the Fered-Fenton method was adopted to remediate the citrate, and then alkaline precipitation was utilized to remove the freed nickel ions. The chemical oxidation demand (COD) of citric acid could be efficiently reduced by approximately 95% using 1080mM H2O2 (dosed in continual mode) and 20mM ferrous ions at a current density of 190Am−2 ([citric acid]=100mM and [Ni]=100mM). Meanwhile, 99.9% of the nickel that was liberated from the chelation of citric acid was removed by the cathodic deposition and the sequential precipitation. The hypophosphite did not significantly influence the COD or nickel removal efficiency. Finally, those optimal conditions for the successful management of simulated electroless plating wastewater consisted of citric acid and nickel ions coexisting with hypophosphite were then used to demonstrate the treatment of real wastewater (45,000ppm COD and 8000ppm nickel ions). The high COD removal, 93%, from the effluents of the electroless nickel plating process verified that the Fered-Fenton process can be practically applied.

Sonication Enhanced Removal of Nickel and Cobalt Ions from Polluted Water Using an Iron Based Sorbent

The effect of sonication time on removal efficiency of Ni2+ and Co2+ from wastewater in the presence of zero valence iron (ZVI) nanoparticles is described. The results showed that the presence of cobalt ions in the solution enhances the removal efficiency of nickel by ZVI nanoparticles to about 64% which is one of the advantages of this protocol.

Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) and activated carbon fibre (ACF) hybrid processes for nickel removal from an aqueous solution

In the present study, nickel removal from an aqueous solution using micellar enhanced ultrafiltration at various operating parameters such as initial permeate flux, retentate pressure, initial nickel concentration, pH, molecular weight cut-off and molar ratio of nickel to sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was investigated. The SDS surfactant removal from an aqueous solution using activated carbon fibre (ACF) was also monitored. The removal efficiency of nickel from an aqueous solution increased with an increase in the retentate pressure, initial permeate flux, pH and molar ratio of nickel to SDS, while the specific and relative fluxes declined. Considering the nickel removal efficiency and the permeate flux, initial permeate flux of 1.05 m3/m2/day, nickel to SDS molar ratio of 1:10 and operating retentate pressure of 1.4 bar were found to be the optimum operating parameters within the experimental condition for 0.5mM or less initial nickel concentration. At the optimized experimental condition,the nickel removal efficiency was 98% and the corresponding permeate nickel concentration was less than 1 mg/L. Similarly, two ACF cartridge units in series have removed the SDS up to 85% and the adsorptive capacity of ACF for SDS was 170 mg/g. the Langmuir isotherm equation fitted better with the experimental results than the Freundlich isotherm equation.

Optimization of nickel removal using liquid–liquid extraction and response surface methodology

The nickel extraction efficiency by means of liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) method was studied using response surface methodology; six parameters were identified as influential factors on nickel removal efficiency as the response. However, on screening experiments, only two factors were selected: pH and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) concentration. Face-centered composite design (FCCD) was applied in order to determine the optimum conditions for nickel removal by LLE. The results of FCCD showed that a second-order model described the relationship between the factors and nickel removal properly. Results showed that the optimum conditions are pH 1.1 and D2EHPA concentration 0.2 M, where 95.57% of nickel removal was achieved.

Practical assessment of electrocoagulation process in removing nickel metal from aqueous solutions using iron-rod electrodes

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the practical application of electrocoagulation (EC) process in removal of nickel from aqueous solutions by iron-rod electrodes. This experimental research was carried out as a pilot scale using forty bipolar iron-rod electrodes in a glass container with a 1.5 l capacity which was connected to an electrical source. The removal efficiency of nickel from synthetic solutions was measured with initial nickel concentrations of 5 and 500 mg l−1, at pH of 3, 7 and 10, reaction times of 20, 40, 60 and 80 min and electrical potentials of 20, 30 and 40 V. Results showed that by increasing pH, nickel removal effi ciency for each concentration has increased, as much as 99.9% and 99.8% for 500 and 5 mg l−1 concentrations respectively. The optimum removal effi ciencies at nickel concentrations of 500 and 5 mg l−1 were reached at 20 and 40 min of reaction time and 20 V of potential difference respectively. The final pH of treated solutions has also increased which was du...

Application of a novel strategy—Advanced Fenton-chemical precipitation to the treatment of strong stability chelated heavy metal containing wastewater

Industrial and remedial processes produce wastewater containing chelated heavy metal. Chelated heavy metal containing wastewater needs to be treated not only for the toxic heavy metal, but also for the chelating agent. The treatment of strong stability chelated heavy metal wastewater is a hot and difficult issue in these years. To solve this problem, a novel strategy, advanced Fenton-chemical precipitation process (AF-CPP) is proposed to address chelated heavy metal containing wastewater. The process uses zero-valent iron and hydrogen peroxide for degrading the chelated compound, followed by alkali precipitation of heavy metal. NiEDTA was selected as a model of strong stability of chelated heavy metal pollutant. This process can remove not only nickel ions, but also reduces COD values. Parameters affecting nickel removal are discussed. At optimum condition, the nickel removal efficiency attained was 98.4% and the residual concentrations of nickel fell below the value stipulated in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of China (GB8978-1996). AF-CPP appears promising and effective for the treatment of strong stability chelated heavy metal containing wastewaters.

Recovery of nickel with the addition of boric acid using an electrodeposition reactor

Nickel pollution is usually caused by several industrial processes such as electroplating, plastics manufacturing, nickel–cadmium batteries, fertilizers, pigments, mining and metallurgy. The development of the effective and inexpensive methods is necessary for the removal and/or recovery of nickel. In this work, the electro-treatment of a high strength industrial lead frame nickel-plating wastewater ([Ni] = 1,600 mg/L) was studied through a newly designed electrodeposition reactor. The electrolyte was circulated rapidly past the anode and cathode at a higher flow rate, allowing for improvements in efficiency and recovery, and nickel electrodeposition on the surface of cathode. The results showed that increasing boric acid concentration could increase the efficiency of nickel removal. The pH decreased during the electro-treatment was due to the production of H+ on the cathode surface. Therefore, the optimum pH periodically controlled was found to be 2.9±0.2, and the lower current density was accompanied with the higher current efficiency. This study successfully proposed a newly designed reactor to recover 99.9% nickel from simulated wastewater.

Impact of fluorides on the removal of heavy metals from an electroplating effluent using a flocculent brewer’s yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Besides several toxic heavy metals, electroplating effluents can have in solution different cations and anions, which may influence heavy metals removal by the biomass. Among them, fluorides are commonly used in the electroplating industries and thus can be found in the respective wastewaters. In the present work, the effect of the presence of fluorides in the efficiency of chromium(III), copper(II) and nickel(II) removal, from an effluent, by heat-inactivated cells of a brewing flocculent strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated. The presence of fluorides severely decreased (>60%) the removal of chromium(III) by yeast biomass. This effect impaired the effective treatment of the effluent according to the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Portuguese law; conversely, a higher removal of copper(II) and nickel(II) was observed. This behaviour can be understood by metal speciation. In the presence of fluorides, chromium(III) was mainly complexed, becoming unavailable for yeast accumulation; this effect decreased the efficiency of chromium(III) removal. Thus, in the presence of fluorides, less chromium(III) is associated with biomass and consequently more yeast binding sites remain available for the uptake of other metals present in solution. This fact explains the increase of copper(II) and nickel(II) removal in the presence of fluorides.

Nickel removal from wastewater by electroflocculation-filtration hybridization

Electroflocculation (EF) has been used for decades in heavy metals removal. Understanding its mechanisms in order to improve process efficiency is still demanded. This work was aimed at obtaining high removal efficiency of Nickel from wastewater. Electroflocculation with iron electrodes hybrid with filter paper, micro- and ultra- filtration bench scale tests were performed with and without the introduction of external oxygen. A dissolved oxygen exhaustion point (DOEP) during EF process could be regarded as the deflection point of ferrous accumulation. Research results indicated that (a) with the hybridization of EF without aeration followed by microfiltration, and (b) aeration-enhanced EF followed by settling and mechanical filtration, the residual nickel and iron could meet the discharge standard of metal finishing industry. Aeration-enhanced EF process hybrid with microfiltration exhibited the potential to provide better removal results of nickel to meet the stringent standards of unrestricted irrigation and directly river discharging.

Extraction of nickel from spent catalyst using fresh and recovered EDTA

This study investigates the possibility of recovering nickel from spent catalyst (NiO/Al 2O 3) used in the fertilizer industry. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid) di sodium salt was used as a chelating to extract the Ni after which sulfuric acid was added to obtain NiSO 4. The dechelation process takes 5–6 h to break the complex and EDTA which was recovered as H 4EDTA acid in the solid form and solution contains NiSO 4. The objective was to evaluate the nickel removal efficiency of EDTA and reusability of recovered EDTA. The parameters affecting nickel recovery were EDTA concentration, time of chelation, catalyst to liquid ratio (s:l), mixing speed, pH and catalyst particle size. The extraction was up to 95% under the following conditions: 0.8 M concentration of EDTA, solid to liquid ratio 1:50 (g/ml), particle size 100 μm, pH 10, 10 h of chelation time, 700 rpm and 100 °C. Up to 95% of the EDTA could be recovered without losing significant activity.

Sequestration of nickel from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from Parthenium hysterophorus L.

In the present study, nickel removal efficiency of sulphuric acid-treated Parthenium carbon (SWC) from simulated wastewater has been investigated. Batch mode adsorption experiments have been conducted by varying pH, nickel concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. Ni(II) removal was pH-dependent and found to be maximum at pH 5.0. The maximum removal of Ni(II) was achieved within 4 h after the start of every experiment. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models to evaluate the model parameters. Both models represented the experimental data satisfactorily. The monolayer adsorption capacities of SWC as obtained from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 17.24 mg/g. The Lagergren first-order model was less applicable than pseudo-second-order reaction model. The adsorbent was also characterized including infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The FT-IR study indicated the presence of O H, C H, C O and C O groups in the adsorbent.

Study on the efficiency of the different units for removing metallic ions in Isfahan water treatment plant

In this study, removal efficiency of heavy metals such as iron, manganese, copper and nickel were surveyed in various units of water treatment plant in Isfahan City. Samples were taken from influent, before and after sedimentation and after filtration under standard condition. Concentration of heavy metals in each sample was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that removal efficiency of iron, manganese, copper and nickel were 71, 60, 79 and 40 percent, respectively. Experimental results currently showed low efficiency for the suitable removal of aluminum. So, the aluminum concentration in all the samples from the influent (2.03 mg l -1 ) and effluent (2 mg l -1 ) of the water treatment plant exceeded the EPA drinking water standard (50 µg l -1 ). It is concluded that using conventional treatment technology can reduce metal concentrations conform to internationally approved guidelines except for aluminum. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(2) 2005: 61-64