Nickel In Wastewater Research Articles

Adsorptive of Nickel in Wastewater by Olive Stone Waste: Optimization through Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

Pollution from industrial wastewater has the greatest impact on the environment due to the wide variety of wastes and materials that water can contain. These include heavy metals. Some of the technologies that are used to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents are inadequate, because they cannot reduce their concentration of the former to below the discharge limits. Biosorption technology has demonstrated its potential in recent years as an alternative for this type of application. This paper examines the biosorption process for the removal of nickel ions that are present in wastewater using olive stone waste as the biosorbent. Kinetic studies were conducted to investigate the biosorbent dosage, pH of the solution, and stirring speed. These are input variables that are frequently used to determine the efficiency of the adsorption process. This paper describes an effort to identify regression models, in which the biosorption process variables are related to the process output (i.e., the removal efficiency). It uses the Response Surface Method (RSM) and it is based on Box Benken Design experiments (BBD), in which olive stones serves as the biosorbent. Several scenarios of biosorption were proposed and demonstrated by use of the Multi-Response Surface (MRS) and desirability functions. The optimum conditions that were necessary to remove nickel when the dosage of biosorbent was the minimum (0.553 g/L) were determined to be a stirring speed of 199.234 rpm and a pH of 6.369. The maximum removal of nickel under optimized conditions was 61.73%. Therefore, the olive stone waste that was investigated has the potential to provide an inexpensive biosorbent material for use in recovering the water that the nickel has contaminated. The experimental results agree closely with what the regression models have provided. This confirms the use of MRS since this technique and enables satisfactory predictions with use of the least possible amount of experimental data.

Investigation of electrocoagulation on the removal of nickel in waste water from an electroplating bath using aluminium and iron electrodes

The electrocoagulation (EC) has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of industrial effluents by the elimination of pollutants, especially metallic pollutants. The electrochemical processes that occur at the electrodes (aluminum or iron) give an excellent performance. In this work, EC tests were conducted on an industrial effluent from an electroplating bath. The goal is to eliminate the Nickel and reuse the purified water for other needs within the company. For this purpose, we proceeded to the optimization of the operating parameters acting on the efficiency of EC such as electric voltage, material of the electrode, stirring speed and interelectrode distance. We also evaluated these parameters’ effect on pH, conductivity, turbidity and nickel concentration. The tests were carried out in a perfectly stirred reactor on an industrial solution rich on nickel. The concentration of the effluent is 100 mg Ni 2+ /L. The nickel removal efficiency is approximately 78% for the following operating conditions: aluminum electrodes, regulated voltage of 6 volts, optimum stirring speed of 24 rpm and interelectrode distance of 2 cm. Resulting sludges from EC were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have identified a compound formed during the EC with Fe/Fe electrodes (Fe 2 Ni 2 (CO 3 ) (OH) 8 .2H 2 O (Nickel Iron Carbonate Hydroxide Hydrate) which is a corrosion inhibitor.

Fabrication of paper-based devices by lacquer spraying method for the determination of nickel (II) ion in waste water

A spraying method with lacquer was developed for the fabrication of paper-based devices. A patterned iron mask was initially placed on a filter paper and held tightly attached by a magnetic plate placed on the opposite side. After that, acrylic lacquer was sprayed on the filter paper to create a hydrophobic area while the hydrophilic area was protected with the iron mask. The optimal conditions for the fabrication of this device were studied including lacquer type and particle retention efficiency of filter paper. Gloss spray lacquer and filter paper No. 4 were chosen as optimal lacquer type and particle retention efficiency of filter paper, respectively. To evaluate its efficiency, the paper-based devices were used to determine nickel using electrochemical detection. Cu-enhancer solution was employed to increase sensitivity of nickel determination with the optimal concentration of 4.5ppm. Under the optimal conditions, linear range was observed in the range of 1–50ppm with a coefficient of determination of 0.9971. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.5 and 1.97ppm, respectively. Moreover, these paper-based devices coupled with electrochemical detection were applied to determine nickel in waste water of a jewelry factory and compared to those obtained with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results indicated that there were no significant variations between this proposed method (4.15±0.043ppm) and the ICP-OES method (4.06±0.013ppm). Therefore, this spraying method was found to be an excellent alternative for the fabrication of paper-based devices due to its ease of use, affordability and simplicity.

Nickel (II) ions sensing properties of dimethylglyoxime/poly(caprolactone) electrospun fibers

A novel dimethylglyoxime (DMG)/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) blend was electrospun into fibers to serve as an optical sensor for the nickel detection based on the formation of a red Ni(DMG) 2 complex. DMG was mixed with PCL at 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) in a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dichloromethane (DCM) (50/50, v/v) prior electrospunning process. The best fibers were prepared under an electric field of 20 kV and a distance between needle and collector of 20 cm. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the average diameter of the fibers remained nearly constant with increasing amount of DMG. The optimum mass ratio of DMG and PCL was found to be 20:80 as it produced fibers with the smallest diameter distribution and the best sensing property. The formation of the Ni(DMG) 2 complex was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The colorimetric response of the PCL/DMG electrospun fibers were then tested against the nickel ions over a concentration range of 1–10 ppm using reflectance spectroscopy. Good linearity between the reflectance values at 547 nm and the concentrations was obtained (R 2 = 0.9925). These proposed DMG and PCL fibers could be used as the naked-eye sensor for nickel in waste water.

Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) in environmental samples on chemically modified Amberlite XAD-4 with a proper Schiff base

A new chelating resin, Amberlite XAD-4 loaded with N,N-bis(salicylidene)cyclohexanediamine (SCHD), was synthesized and characterized. The resin Amberlite XAD-4-SCHD was used for selective separation, preconcentration, and determination of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) ions in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Effects of pH, concentration, and volume of elution solution; flow rate of elution; and sample solution, sample volume, and interfering ions for the recovery of the analytes were investigated. These metal ions can be desorbed with 0.5-M HNO3 (recovery, 98%-101%). The sorption capacity was found between 1.38×10(-1) and 3.58×10(-1) mmol/g. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed procedure, the certified reference materials, BCR-032 (Moroccan phosphate rock) and BCR-715 (industrial effluent wastewater), were analyzed. The detection limits of the method were found to be 0.11, 1.91, and 0.43 μg/L for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II), respectively. The method was applied to the extraction and the recovery of copper, lead, and nickel in wastewater and other water samples.

<b>Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of nickel at microgram level in water and wastewater using 2-[(2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl]phenol</b>

An extraction-spectrophotometric method for determination of nickel at sub ppm level using 2-[(2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl]phenol (MPMP) as the new extractant is described. The reagent reacts with nickel(II) at pH > 10 and form a 1:2 brown complex, which is extracted into chloroform. The complex has a maximum absorption at 421 nm with the molar absorptivity of 2.41 × 10 5 M -1 cm -1 . Beer’s law is obeyed over the range of 0.011-0.30 µg mL -1 . The Sandell’s sensitivity for 0.001 absorbance unit is 5.34 × 10 -4 µg cm -2 . The relative standard deviation at 0.018 µg mL -1 is 1.1 % (n = 8). The procedure was successfully applied to determination of nickel in wastewater and standard alloy and the accuracy was determined by recovery experiment, independent analysis by furnace-AAS, and analysis of a certified reference martial. KEY WORDS: Ni determination, Liquid-liquid extraction, Schiff bases, Spectrophotometry Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2008 , 22(3), 323-329.

Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt and Nickel in Wastewater with 2-Hydroxyl-5-benzeneazoformoamithiozone by Spectral Correction Technique

A new chromogenic reagent, 2-hydroxyl-5-benzeneazoformoamithiozone (HBASA) was synthesized and it can complex Co(II) and Ni(II) at pH 6.0 with high sensitivity and good selectivity. The complexations were characterized by a spectral correction technique. Complexes Co(HBASA)2 and Ni(HBASA) were formed and their stepwise stability constants (Kn) and stepwise molar absorptivities (n) were worked out. The spectral correction matrix method was applied to the simultaneous determination of Co and Ni. At the range from 0 to 12.0g /25-mL Co and Ni, the correction absorbances (A) of the mixed complexes’ solutions have good linearity. The limit of detection is 0.01 mg/l Co and 0.03 mg/l Ni and the relative standard deviation (RSD)is2.5%forCoand5.6%forNi.Thismethodwasappliedtotheanalysisofwastewater.Therecoveryof Co was between 94.5 and 109% and that of Ni between 99.0 and 111%.

Treatment of chromium and nickel in wastewater by using aquatic plants

The aquatic plants Salvinia and Spirodela were used for the removal of chromium and nickel in their synthetic solutions of 1.0–8.0 ppm in the months of August–November 1990 and April–July 1991. The rate of percentage removal of these metal ions was observed to be 56–96 and 18–72% after the first 2 and 14 days of contact time by both aquatic plants for a single group solution of metal ions, respectively, but in the case of the mixed group solution, the removal rate was 35–83 and 10–53%, respectively. The results show that the removal rate decreases with increasing contact time of the aquatic plants. The metal ion concentrations in both aquatic plants after 14 days of contact with feed solutions were analysed in all sets of the experiment and it was observed that the concentration of both the metal ions in the aquatic plants and the biomass growth of the aquatic plants were lower in mixed group solutions than in single group solutions. In the nickel-enriched solution the biomass growth of Salvinia was higher than Spirodela in both seasons. But, in the case of the chromium solution, the growth was higher for Salvinia in the months of August–November 1990 and in April–July 1991 the growth of both aquatic plants was nearly equal. The metal concentration factor was also calculated to evaluate the potential of accumulating metals for both aquatic plants.

Effect of Surface Active Agent on Direct Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Metals in Waste Water Containing Fatty Oil

The effect of the addition of surface active agents was studied for the direct flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel in waste water containing fatty oil.Absorbances of the elements were increased by the addition of oleyl-12, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, Tween-20, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and Brij-35 for emulsifying fatty oil in aqueous solution. The enhancing of absorbance was independent of the type of surface active agents used, but was dependent on the stability of emulsion.It was found that the effective amount of surface active agents was about 0.21.0% region for a sample solution containing less than 10% of fatty oil, but in the case of large content of fatty oil (More than 20%), this method is carried out after diluted with water to a suitable concentration.

An automated system for the determination of lead in blood, manganese in urine and nickel in waste water.

An automated system has been developed to analyze lead in blood, manganese in urine and nickel in waste water at a rate of 20 to 30 samples per hour. The analysis is based on direct chelation without digestion, extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The applicability of the system in the field of occupational and environmental medicine is discussed.