Adsorptive of Nickel in Wastewater by Olive Stone Waste: Optimization through Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions

Marina Corral Bobadilla,Rubén Escribano García,Rubén Lostado Lorza,Fátima Somovilla Gómez

doi:10.3390/w12051320

Marina Corral Bobadilla, Rubén Escribano García + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051320

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Journal: Water	Publication Date: May 7, 2020
Citations: 24	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: GAIKER Technology Centre, University of La Rioja

Abstract

Pollution from industrial wastewater has the greatest impact on the environment due to the wide variety of wastes and materials that water can contain. These include heavy metals. Some of the technologies that are used to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents are inadequate, because they cannot reduce their concentration of the former to below the discharge limits. Biosorption technology has demonstrated its potential in recent years as an alternative for this type of application. This paper examines the biosorption process for the removal of nickel ions that are present in wastewater using olive stone waste as the biosorbent. Kinetic studies were conducted to investigate the biosorbent dosage, pH of the solution, and stirring speed. These are input variables that are frequently used to determine the efficiency of the adsorption process. This paper describes an effort to identify regression models, in which the biosorption process variables are related to the process output (i.e., the removal efficiency). It uses the Response Surface Method (RSM) and it is based on Box Benken Design experiments (BBD), in which olive stones serves as the biosorbent. Several scenarios of biosorption were proposed and demonstrated by use of the Multi-Response Surface (MRS) and desirability functions. The optimum conditions that were necessary to remove nickel when the dosage of biosorbent was the minimum (0.553 g/L) were determined to be a stirring speed of 199.234 rpm and a pH of 6.369. The maximum removal of nickel under optimized conditions was 61.73%. Therefore, the olive stone waste that was investigated has the potential to provide an inexpensive biosorbent material for use in recovering the water that the nickel has contaminated. The experimental results agree closely with what the regression models have provided. This confirms the use of MRS since this technique and enables satisfactory predictions with use of the least possible amount of experimental data.

Highlights

The control of water pollution has been of great interest for years due to its importance in protecting health and the environment
The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used in this case to only select the significant terms of the quadratic regression model
Determining the amount of biosorbent that is necessary for the removal of nickel ions from wastewater is a complicated task

Summary

Introduction

The control of water pollution has been of great interest for years due to its importance in protecting health and the environment. The discharge of untreated or insufficiently purified residual effluents is one of the main sources of water pollution. This is why much of the legislative actions in this matter by competent administrations have involved the control of discharges. It is sometimes difficult to compare the discharge limits with what conventional purification techniques achieve for the elimination of heavy metals. Water 2020, 12, 1320 these types of emissions. In this context, biosorption research has shown, in recent years, the potential of this technology as an alternative method for the treatment of water that has been contaminated by heavy metals. The European Directive 2010/75/EU [1]

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