Nickel Content Research Articles

Assessment of produced water from oil and gas field Gujar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted to analyze the physiochemical and heavy metal concentrations in produced water of Missa Kaswal Oil field Gujar khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Produced water samples were collected from various locations points and analyzed for various parameters by using standard operation procedures. According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, pH, temperature was noted with in permissible limit, total dissolved solids, chlorides, fluorides and oil and grease concentrations were found very high. The concentration of chloride and oil and grease were found several times higher as compared to Pak-EPA. Heavy metals results of the research samples are compared with Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. From the results it was found that nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As0 were within the permissible limits while chromium (Cr) concentration was observed in produced water above the permissible limits. So overall study concluded that wastewater which is released from oil and gas sector is highly polluted. So, it is strongly recommended that Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency should regular check and monitor that wastewater before releasing into the environment.

Additively manufactured 17–4 PH stainless steels for fracture management devices

ABSTRACT Stainless steel 316L (SS316L) is widely used in fracture management devices. However, SS316L does not offer any bacterial infection resistance and can cause metal-ion sensitivity due to Ni-ions’ presence. 17-4PH can emerge as a promising substitute due to the intrinsic antibacterial properties of copper, a 75% reduction in nickel content, and superior mechanical properties. SS316L and 17–4 PH were manufactured using laser-directed energy deposition (LDED). 17-4PH specimens surpassed the compressive strength of SS316L by over 150%. A static magnetic field was generated in 17–4 PH specimens to understand in vitro bone cell–material interactions. In vitro human fetal osteoblast cell culture and bacterial inhibition study using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carried out on these specimens with SS316L as control and as-processed and magnetised 17–4 PH as treatments. Results demonstrated that magnetised 17–4 PH exhibited 25% enhancement in hFOB proliferation and 70% reduction in bacterial colonisation compared to SS316L.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Sediments of Rupingazi River, Kenya

Heavy metal concentration (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni) was evaluated in sediment samples of Rupingazi river during the wet and dry seasons. In this study, the sediment samples were collected from twenty sampling points along the river. The heavy metal levels were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrphotometer.The obtained data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The range of the concentration of copper was found to be 4.68- 12.69 mg/kg for the wet season and 0.98-24.10mg/kg for the dry season. The mean values of the concentration of iron was found to be 1422-6145.33 mg/kg for the wet season and 1254-5866.67 mg/kg for the dry season. The range of the concentration of Nickel was found to be 0.72- 30.73 mg/kg for the wet season and 2.63-12.48 mg/kg for the dry season. Concentration of manganese was found to be 48.03-411.20 mg/kg for the wet season and 6.15-248.35 mg/kg for the dry season Zinc concentration was found to be 26.29-167.10 mg/kg for the wet season and 4.82-28.39 mg/kg for the dry season. The Zinc, Manganese, Nickel Iron and Copper levels were not beyond the USEPA recommended limits.

Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Based on PCA and PMF Model in Black Soil Area of Hailun City, Northeast China.

This study assessed the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in China's northeastern black soil belt, an area with limited prior research. We collected 304 soil samples (0-20 cm) from Gonghe Town, Hailun City, and analyzed the PTE contamination degree using the single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index. The results demonstrated that the mean concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were 11.16, 0.11, 65.29, 22.56, 0.03, 27.07, 26.09, and 66.01 mg/kg, respectively. Source apportionment was conducted via correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and positive matrix factorization, identifying four main sources: natural (33.2%), irrigation (29.5%), fuel (23.4%), and fertilizer (13.2%). The ecological risk index indicated a slight ecological risk, while the human health risk showed that non-carcinogenic risks were negligible and carcinogenic risks were acceptable. Our findings emphasize the need to prioritize controlling PTEs from fertilizer, particularly cadmium, and to a lesser extent, irrigation and fuel sources, focusing on As, Pband Hg. This research provides critical insights for policymakers aiming to manage PTE contamination in black soils.

Microplastic and heavy metal contamination in sediments of the high-altitude Nundkol Lake of northwestern Himalayas-Kashmir

This study investigates heavy metal and microplastic contamination in the sediment of Nundkol Lake, a high-altitude glacial lake in the northwestern Himalayas. Sediment analysis revealed heavy metal concentrations significantly exceeding background levels, with average concentrations of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) recorded at 40.991 ppm, 54.434 ppm, 87,843.59 ppm, 1544.566 ppm, 83.288 ppm, 16.312 ppm, 104.571 ppm, and 106.514 ppm, respectively. Notably, the highest levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb were observed in sample GL2, indicating potential local geochemical anomalies. The trace elements were quantified using a Graphite Furnace - Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer-PinAAcle 900AA) for high precision.Microplastic analysis revealed an average abundance of 76±12.08 items/kg dry weight, predominantly fibers. The microplastics were mostly red (55.26 %), blue (36.84 %), orange (5.26 %), and green (2.63 %). Raman spectroscopy identified Polyamides (PA) as the predominant type (86.5 %), with the remainder being Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP). The results suggest tourism, fishing, and trekking activities as major contributors to microplastic presence. This study uniquely combines the assessment of heavy metal and microplastic contamination in a high-altitude lake, providing a comprehensive view of pollutant dynamics. The findings highlight the need for tailored mitigation strategies and comprehensive monitoring programs to protect this fragile region. Applications include informing environmental policy, guiding pollution mitigation efforts, and promoting sustainable tourism practices. This study offers valuable insights into the environmental health of high-altitude lakes and underscores the need for efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts.

Source and health risks of trace metals in Clarias batrachus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from surface waters in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: a probabilistic model

IntroductionHuman activities have inadvertently led to the release of harmful substances, including trace metals, into aquatic environments, with consequential impacts on aquatic organisms and potential health risks for consumers. This research assessed the presence, origins, and health implications of trace elements within the muscles of Clarias batrachus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the Bomadi and Gbotebo rivers and their surroundings in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.MethodsThirty samples from each fish species were collected and analyzed to conduct the study. Through the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the researchers determined the concentrations of trace metals, including iron, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt, in the fish tissues.Results and discussionThe concentrations of the metals within the two fish species varied, with notable differences in zinc and cadmium levels. Utilizing statistical analyses like Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), it was established that the trace metals originated from diverse sources. The study then evaluated health risks associated with these trace elements, considering both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards for different age groups. The results indicated that children’s total target hazard quotient fell below 1 for both fish species, implying a limited tendency toward non-carcinogenic risks through lifelong fish consumption. However, in some adult fish samples, the quotient exceeded 1, indicating a higher potential for non-carcinogenic risks. Regarding carcinogenic hazards, the mean risks were generally lower than the accepted threshold, except for lead in both fish species among adults and children. Stricter values highlighted that only lead concentrations in fish from both categories were deemed acceptable. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of raising awareness among consumers who buy fish from the studied region. Moreover, consistent monitoring of potentially harmful trace elements in water, sediments, and fish is recommended to safeguard consumer health and well-being.

Characterization of CrMnNi Steel Powders Obtained via Gas Atomization

To obtain a successful product during additive manufacturing, the powder as a raw material must have the high quality. The purpose of this work is to investigate CrMnNi steel powders obtained by inert gas atomization with nickel content: 3, 6, and 9 wt% and to identify dependencies between the powder size and morphology, solidification structure, and change in chemical composition and thermophysical properties. Particle size distribution is measured by a laser scattering analyzer: d50 value are 82.02, 69.32, and 75.54 μm for powders with 3, 6, and 9 wt%, respectively. Surface tension (ST) measurements are made by maximum bubble pressure method: for steels with 3, 6, and 9 wt% at temperature 1500 °C, ST is 1.01, 1.07, and 1.15 mN m−1, respectively. It is found that the change in particle size affects the chemical composition, the content of the ferromagnetic phase and secondary dendritic arm‐spacing. Changes in the content of elements such as S, O, N, and Mn are determined, depending on the diameter of the particles. The influence of changes in content of S, O, and N on the thermophysical properties such as ST is investigated.

The Effect of Nickel Content and Mechanical Activation on Combustion in the 5Ti + 3Si + <i>х</i>Ni System

Intermetallic alloys were synthesized in the 5Ti + 3Si + xNi system by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and mechanosynthesis. The influence of nickel content on the morphology, size and yield of composite particles after mechanical activation (MA) of mixtures was studied. The dependences of the maximum temperatures and combustion rates, phase composition, morphology and elongation of synthesis products on the nickel content for the initial and MA mixtures are studied. Under the conditions of the experiments conducted in this work, combustion process was able to realize and at the same time the samples burned completely at a nickel content of 10 to 60 wt.% in the 5Ti + 3Si + xNi system. After MA, the samples from the 5Ti + 3Si mixture burned to the end, and during the activation of the 5Ti + 3Si + 40% Ni mixture, mechanochemical synthesis occurred. With increasing nickel content combustion temperature decreases, and combustion velocity behaves nonmonotonically, increases the size of composite particles and decreases the yield of the mixture after MA. MA practically did not affect the maximum combustion temperatures of mixtures of 5Ti + 3Si + xNi. A multiple (from 0.7 to 2.9 cm/s) increase in the burning rate of samples from MA mixtures with an increase in the Ni content from 20 to 30 wt. % was recorded. An increase in the nickel content leads to an increase in the content of triple phases and the amount of melt in the synthesis products of mixtures of 5Ti + 3Si + xNi. Shrinkage of product samples increases with increasing nickel content in the initial mixtures. After MA, the shrinkage of the product samples is replaced by their growth. Explanations of the observed dependencies are proposed.

Development of a Hydrometallurgical Process for the Extraction of Cobalt, Manganese, and Nickel from Acid Mine Drainage Treatment By-Product

Critical minerals (CMs) are pivotal in modern industries, such as telecommunications, defense, medicine, and aerospace, contributing significantly to regional and global economic growth. However, the reliance on external sources for 26 out of 50 identified CMs raises concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities. To address this, the research focused on developing a hydrometallurgical process for extracting cobalt, manganese, and nickel from acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment by-products, emphasizing the need to diversify CM supply chains within the United States (US). A solution composed of an REE solvent extraction raffinate loaded with cobalt, manganese, nickel, and various impurity metals was utilized as a feedstock in this study. The developed hydrometallurgical process involved initial sodium hydroxide precipitation to remove impurities like aluminum and iron from an SX raffinate solution generated during the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs). Precipitation stages were performed in a pH region ranging from 2 to 12 to identify the optimum pH values, achieving a tradeoff between recovery and impurity removal. A subsequent precipitation process at pH 5–10 yielded a product rich in CMs, such as manganese, cobalt, and nickel. Further separation steps involved nitric acid washing, resulting in a Mn product with a purity of 47.9% by weight and a solution with extractable concentrations of cobalt and nickel. Stagewise precipitation with sodium sulfide subsequently produced three solid products: cobalt and nickel product at pH 1–5, manganese product at pH 5–10, and magnesium at pH 10–12. The study also explored other separation approaches, including solvent extraction, to enhance the separation of nickel from cobalt. Overall, the developed hydrometallurgical process generated the following products with varying degrees of purities: cobalt (9.92 wt.%), nickel (14 wt.%), manganese (47.9 wt.%), and magnesium (27.49 wt.%). This research aimed to contribute to the sustainable extraction of CMs from secondary sources, reducing the US’ reliance on imports and promoting a more resilient supply chain for these crucial elements.

Exploring the role of trace Indium in enhancing the cyclic stability and initial capacity of Lithium–ion cathodes

Developing Ni content over 80 % in Li–ion cathodes for batteries is crucial for achieving higher energy density. However, these materials suffer from instability and rapid capacity loss during repeated charging and discharging cycles. This is primarily due to unwanted structural changes caused by Ni2+ and Li+ ions mixture within the material. This study presents a novel approach using trace amounts of indium (In) doping to significantly improve the lifespan and capacity retention of high–nickel cathodes, even at high discharge rates. Additionally, our fabrication method is simple and scalable, utilizing calcination at a moderate temperature of 720 °C. The In-doped cathode exhibited impressive performance. For a cathode with 82 % nickel content with 0.1 mol% In dopant, the battery delivers a discharge capacity of 231 mAh g-1 at a low discharge rate (0.1 C) and maintains a remarkable capacity retention of 95.1 % even after 50 cycles. This enhanced performance can be ascribed to two key factors: the formation of radially oriented nanorods and a reduction in the overall pore volume within the material. These features contribute to improved stability and reduced cation mixing, leading to a longer–lasting and more efficient battery.

Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contaminations of Roadside Soil in Aizawl, Mizoram (India): An In-Depth Analysis Utilising Advanced Scientific Methodologies

The study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal contamination levels in the roadside soil of Aizawl, Mizoram (India). Twelve sites were sampled monthly from August 2020 to July 2021, and concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentrations of heavy metals at the twelve studied sites varied widely from 0.43-1.06, 20.54-21.21, 2.69-3.41, 0.25-0.54, 0.31-0.49 and 1.35-1.77 for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn respectively. Pollution assessment tools such as the pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, and enrichment factor indicated moderate pollution levels. The study also observed fluctuations in the contamination levels due to the monsoon rainfall and the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Principal component analysis identified vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and atmospheric deposition as the potential sources of heavy metal contamination, with varying patterns observed at each site. While the observed heavy metal concentrations generally met permissible limits, the elevated levels suggested anthropogenic influences. It is crucial to continuously monitor and manage heavy metal contamination to mitigate potential health risks associated with heavy metal exposure.

Surface Modification and Corrosion Performance of Laser Cladded Co–Ni on Ti–6Al–4 V in 0.5 M H2SO4 Environment

This study investigates the laser cladding of Co and Ni powders onto Ti–6Al–4 V substrates, varying the admixed percentages while adjusting laser processing parameters. The influence of nickel and cobalt contents on the microstructure, phase composition, and electrochemical behavior of the laser-clad Ti–6Al–4 V coatings were analyzed. Coating morphology and phases were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The corrosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4 V, both with and without Ni–Co additions, in 0.5 M H2SO4 was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization technique. Results indicated that the coatings exhibited excellent metallurgical compatibility with the substrate. Additionally, the high scan speed laser-clad samples showed enhanced corrosion resistance compared to those processed at low speeds. The potentiodynamic polarization analysis revealed passive behavior in all specimens, with higher cobalt content notably enhancing passivity and corrosion resistance by suppressing the anodic reaction.

Sources Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust from Urban Core of Zhengzhou, China

Fifty-one street dust samples were systematically collected from the urban core of Zhengzhou, China, and analyzed for potentially toxic metals. The concentrations of vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in the samples surpassed the background values of the local soil, indicating a notable potential for contamination. Spatially, the traffic area was the most polluted with a total heavy metal concentration of Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Ni, while the pollution levels were lower in the culture and education area and commercial area with total concentrations of V and Mn. Seasonal variations were discerned in the concentrations of heavy metals, with V, Cu, Zn, and As exhibiting heightened levels during the fall and winter, while Mn, Ni, and Pb reached peaks in the spring season. Zn exhibited the highest mean geo-accumulation index (Igeo) value at 2.247, followed by Cu at 2.019, Pb at 0.961, As at 0.590, Ni at 0.126, Mn at −0.178, and V at −0.359. The potential ecological risk index (RI) in the traffic-intensive area markedly exceeded other functional areas. Health risk assessments showed that children were more vulnerable to heavy metal exposure than adults, particularly through the ingestion pathway. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were applied in conjunction with the spatial–temporal concentration patterns across various functional areas to ascertain the plausible sources of heavy metal pollutants. The results indicated that heavy metals in the urban street dust of Zhengzhou were multifaceted, stemming from natural processes and diverse anthropogenic activities such as coal burning, industrial emissions, traffic, and construction operations.

Effects of Processing on Nickel Content and its Relationship with Proximate Composition in dead fresh and canned tuna fish in Iran

Background: The presence of toxic metals in food can be a risk to food safety and public health. Methods: The Iranian canned tuna was analyzed for nickel level after wet digestion with acids using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). Results: The average concentration of nickel in canned and dead fresh fish found 4.20 ppb and 1.64 ppb. A significant difference in nickel level was observed between canned and dead fresh fish samples in this study. Although the concentration of nickel per g in the fillet after processing was relatively low, but the total amount of nickel in the sample shown change (256.01%). The results in present study showed the protein content in the canned fish increased to 13.17%. The moisture content in the processed fish decreased to 8.80%. The fat content in the canned fish increased to 12.86%. Conclusion: Although the protein and moisture contents significantly increased and decreased respectively after processing, but none of these factors were related to the change in nickel concentration. It may be recommended to regularly monitor the concentration of nickel metal in aquatic food products, so that human health was not at risk.

Research on high-entropy spinel microwave absorption materials: Exploration of machine learning and experimental integration

With the advancement of electronic communication technology, the intensity of electromagnetic radiation is increasing, and traditional wave-absorbing materials no longer meet the demands in various current environments. Spinel ferrite is one of the earliest materials used for absorbing electromagnetic waves, and the introduction of "high entropy" and controlling the degree of entropy disorder can achieve performance regulation. Nonetheless, the lengthy testing period and high costs associated with trial and error have posed challenges, limiting the development of high entropy microwave absorbing materials. This study utilized machine learning techniques to construct a high-entropy spinel microwave absorption property database. The design of CoxNi0.4-xCu0.2Zn0.2Mn0.2Fe2O4 (X = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was informed by the SHAP plots of the GBR model. Machine learning demonstrates that factors such as cobalt and nickel content, particle size, and others significantly influence microwave absorption performance. The experimental result manifests it and Co content regulate the microwave absorbing performance through adjusting the defect density and particle size. The CoxNi0.4-xCu0.2Zn0.2Mn0.2Fe2O4 with optimized Co content achieved a reflection loss (RL) of −45.32 dB, and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.48 GHz. This approach significantly reduced the research period, presented a novel research methodology for other scholars, and expedited the research progress in the field of microwave absorbing materials.

Recovery of ferronickel by green selective reduction of nickel laterite

Abstract The conversion of nickel laterite into ferronickel is commonly done through a high-temperature pyrometallurgical process that utilizes fossil fuels, which leads to environmental emissions. In order to deal with this, a biomass-based selective reduction process is proposed that uses palm shell charcoal (PSC) as the reductant. In this study, we investigate how to selectively reduce saprolytic nickel ore in various conditions, including pelletization, reduction at 1150°C for one hour, and wet magnetic separation. The optimal conditions, determined with 0.3 stoichiometric carbon, yielded a nickel content and recovery of 22.778 wt.% and 27.541 wt.%, respectively. Phases identified in the reduced pellet include forsterite, diopside, ferronickel, troilite, and olivine. Adjusting stoichiometry influences nickel concentration, resulting in increased recovery; however, excessive stoichiometry intensifies iron metallization, reducing nickel content. The addition of sodium sulfate affects nickel and iron recovery by promoting FeS phase formation, resulting in reduced iron recovery.

Assessing Heavy Metal Accumulation in Urban Plants: Implications for Environmental Health and Traffic-Related Pollution in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq

This study aimed to compare the ability of five plant species, including (Conocarpus erectus, Acacia sensu lato (s.l.), Melaleuca viminalis, Dodonaea viscosa and Lantana camara) to absorb and accumulate heavy elements in their tissues, which were grown in the central islands in the city of Diwaniyah. This included areas of street in front of the medical college, Umm Al Khail First Street, Umm Al-Khail Street, near Abbas Attiwi Bridge, Al-Adly Street in the Euphrates District, and Clock Field Street, respectively. Results showed that soil samples S1 and S3 were contaminated by Pb, and the rest of the sites were contaminated with nickel only. This indicates through the table findings a rise in these heavy metals’ concentrations with a rise in traffic momentum. Thus, the Pb concentrations in the growing plants’ shoot parts with respect to this research had surpassed the allowed critical limit of 5.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter, in which the highest value was recorded at the site with respect to S3 as well as S2. Meanwhile, the findings indicate that Cd concentrations in S3 and S1 had increased and exceeded the allowable limit of 0.20 mg.kg-1 dry matter. In the meantime, the nickel concentrations were within the permissible limits of 67.90 mg.kg-1 dry matter. The Zn concentration exceeded the permitted limits of 60.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter except for plants (Acacia s.l. and Lantana camara) in sites S5 and S2. The results confirmed that the values of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) for most of the study elements had recorded the highest value in the Dodonaea plant for Zn, Cd, and Pb, except for Ni. It was more accumulated in the Melaleuca viminalis plant, which indicates the superiority of the Dodonaea plant in accumulating Pb, Cd, and Zn over the rest of the study plants, as they took the following order: Lantana camara < Acacia s.l. < Conocarpus erectus < Melaleuca viminalis < Dodonaea viscosa. The best plants accumulated nickel in the following order: Acacia s.l. < Lantana camara < Conocarpus erectus < Dodonaea viscosa < Melaleuca viminalis.

Risk assessment of heavy metals in wild mushroom from Mizoram, India

Heavy metals (HMs) contaminate the environment and pose serious health risks to humans by accumulating in ecosystems, leading to toxicity and various diseases. In Mizoram, HMs pollution is a growing concern, with increasing research on contamination in various environmental sources. Present study aim to evaluate the HMs content in wild mushrooms collected from two different districts in Mizoram, India. Trichaptum biforme and Polyporus philippinensis were collected from Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR), Mamit and Cantharellus tropicalis and Coprinellus disseminatus were collected from Lalsavunga Park (LP), Aizawl. The collected samples were identified based on standard mycotaxonomical methods and molecular analysis. Four species were evaluated for their cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) content and two species were assessed for their health risk associated with consumption of HMs. The ranges of element contents for cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were found to be 0.19 - 0.92, 4.77 - 24, 0.24 - 1.61, 0.23 - 1.84, 9.5 - 30.9 µg/ g dried weight, respectively. The amount of Cd content was found to be over the safety limits values and can cause adverse health effects when consumed regularly. Wild edible mushrooms are valuable nutraceutical foods, but careful collection is essential to avoid health risks from HM contamination.

Ni doped carbon-based composites derived from waste cigarette polypropylene filter rod with electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Abstract Polypropylene is widely used in the plastics industry, especially in the tobacco industry, served as cigarette filters to reduce tar and harm. However, it’s difficult to degrade these polypropylene plastics and suitable methods for recycling and reuse is urgent. This research proposes an efficient method for the reuse of polypropylene cigarette filters by mixing waste polypropylene filters with nickel source in different proportions, followed by a facile calcination treatment to prepare nickel-modified carbon-based composite materials with excellent microwave absorption properties. Morphology and magnetic properties of as-prepared samples were analyzed via XRD, SEM, and VSM, exhibiting an increase in carbon content with raising nickel content. Nickel ion anchored on polypropylene fiber may facilitate better fixation of carbon chains during the polypropylene decomposition process. Among the as-prepared samples, CN2 exhibited superior microwave absorption performance, with an optimal absorption peak of -26.76 dB at 7.97 GHz when matched with a given thickness of 4.3 mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.64 GHz (8.04 GHz to 11.68 GHz) with a matching thickness of 3.5 mm, covering the X band. Therefore, the as-prepared microwave absorbers provides a feasible solution for the recycling and reuse of polypropylene filters, aligning with the tobacco industry requirements for green and sustainable development.

Tuning of Nickel Content in High-Layered LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO_2 (NMC) from Spent Catalyst

Tuning of Nickel Content in High-Layered LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO_2 (NMC) from Spent Catalyst