Nice People Research Articles

Overreporting Church Attendance in America: Evidence That Demands the Same Verdict

People Nice Evidence from the National Survey of Black Americans. Social Forces 71:411-30. Groves, Robert M. and Lars E. Lyberg. 1988. An Overview of Nonresponse Issues in Telephone Surveys. Pp. 191-211 in Telephone Survey Methodology, edited by R. M. Groves, P. P. Biemer, L. E. Lyberg, J. T. Massey, W. L. Nicholls II, and J. Wakesberg. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Hadaway, C. Kirk, Penny Long Marler, and Mark Chaves. 1993. What the Polls Don't Show: Closer Look at U.S. Church Attendance. American Sociological Review 58:741-52. Hertel, Bradley R. 1995. Family, and Faith. Pp. 81-121 in Work, Family, and Religion in Contemporary Society, edited by N. T. Ammerman and W. C. Roof. New York: Routledge. Kosmin, Barry A. 1991. The National Survey of Religious Identification: 1989-90 [MRDF]. New York: The Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York [producer, distriburtor]. Kosmin, Barry A. and Seymour P. Lachman. 1993. One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society. New York: Harmony Books. Massey, James T. and Steven L Botman. 1988. Weighting Adjustments for Random Digit Dialed Surveys. Pp. 143-60 in Telephone Survey Methodology, edited by R. M. Groves, P. P. Biemer, L. E. Lyberg, J. T. Massey, W. L. Nicholls II, and J. Wakesberg. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Miller, Warren E. and the National Election Studies (NES). 1995. American National Election Studies Cumulative Data File, 1952-1994 [MRDF]. 8th ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. Morgan, S. Philip. 1983. A Research Note on Religion and Morality: Are Religious People Nice People? Social Forces 61:683-92. Smith, Tom W. 1991. Counting Flocks and Lost Sheep: Trends in Religious Preference Since World War II. GSS Social Change Report. No. 26, revised January 1991. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center. University of North Carolina. 1996. Southern Focus Poll [MRDF]. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, Institute for Research in Social Science [producer and distributor]. Woodberry, Robert D. 1997a. How Then Shall We Measure?: Adjusting Survey Methodology to Remove the Gap between Head-Counts and Survey Estimates of Church Attendance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, May 15-18, Norfolk, VA. Woodberry, Robert D. 1997b. 'The Missing Fifty-Percent: Accounting for the Gap between Survey Estimates and Head-Counts of Church Attendance. Master's thesis, Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.

The Good King Dagobert, or Clever, Stupid, Nice, Nasty

ABSTRACT Children aged 8-10 years in 11 primary schools were asked to draw a very clever person, a very stupid person, a very nice person and a very nasty person. The elicited drawings were analysed for content revealing commonalities and some stereotypes. Cleverness was shown to be gender-independent. Clever people shown were good at maths, wore glasses, and were happy and confident. Stupid people were predominantly male, unhappy, bad at maths, anxious, untidy and small in stature. They were shown as having a negative self-concept. Nice people were mostly female, pretty, smiling and kind. Nasty people were male, aggressive, large, often 'punk' and threatening. It is suggested that the 'stupid' group corresponds to those with learning difficulties and the 'nasty' group to those with behaviour problems. These represent anxiety, threat and disadvantage, whereas the more fortunate are characterised by confidence, prosperity and happiness. This paper uniquely uses the images generated by the children themselves in response to stimulus words. Drawings are independent of verbal report and give children freedom to respond creatively. A comprehensive range of drawings illustrate the paper.

Making Social Support Judgments: The Role of Similarity and Conscientiousness

Making Social Support Judgments: The Role of Similarity and ConscientiousnessBrian Lakey, Lisa Thomson Ross, Chris Butler and Kelvin BentleyBrian LakeySearch for more papers by this author, Lisa Thomson RossSearch for more papers by this author, Chris ButlerSearch for more papers by this author and Kelvin BentleyWayne State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:January 2011https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1996.15.3.283PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations About Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. The Relationship between Aid and Quality of LifeOnline publication date: 28 April 2022. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar2. Social Support: Multidisciplinary Review, Synthesis, and Future AgendaOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar3. Closeness, trust, and perceived social support in child-robot relationship formationOnline publication date: 24 January 2020. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar4. Investigating the Experience of Diabetes Stigma in Online ForumsOnline publication date: 13 August 2019. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar5. How does peer similarity influence adult children caregivers' perceptions of support from peers? A mixed-method studyOnline publication date: 15 June 2017. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar6. Do the Big-Five Personality Traits Predict Empathic Listening and Assertive Communication?Online publication date: 27 July 2016. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar7. The personality traits of consensually supportive peopleOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar8. Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref 9. The role of ordinary conversation and shared activity in the main effect between perceived support and affectOnline publication date: 15 October 2015. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar10. Examining the Construct Validity of Enacted Support: A Multitrait–Multimethod Analysis of Three Perspectives for Judging Immediacy and Listening BehaviorsOnline publication date: 22 September 2014. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar11. Perceptions of Similarity and Responsibility Attributions to an Acquaintance Sexual Assault VictimOnline publication date: 12 December 2013. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar12. Forecasting the specific providers that recipients will perceive as unusually supportiveOnline publication date: 13 January 2011. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar13. Confirmation in Couples' Communication About Weight Management: An Analysis of How Both Partners Contribute to Individuals' Health Behaviors and Conversational OutcomesOnline publication date: 8 September 2011. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar14. Perceived and Capitalization Support Are Substantially Similar: Implications for Social Support TheoryOnline publication date: 25 April 2011. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar15. Sexual Victimization History and Perceived Similarity to a Sexual Assault Victim: A Path Model of Perceiver Variables Predicting Victim Culpability AttributionsOnline publication date: 22 December 2010. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar16. The Role of Interdependence and Perceived Similarity in Depressed Affect ContagionOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar17. Trait and Social Processes in the Link Between Social Support and Affect: An Experimental, Laboratory InvestigationOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar18. Role of social support in lifestyle-focused weight management interventionsOnline publication date: 28 July 2005. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar19. Relations between Agreeableness and perceived support in family relationships: Why nice people are not always supportiveOnline publication date: 30 June 2016. Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarBrian Lakey, Catherine J. Lutz and Alan Scoboria20. The Information Used to Judge Supportiveness Depends on Whether the Judgment Reflects the Personality of Perceivers, the Objective Characteristics of Targets, or their Unique RelationshipsOnline publication date: 1 June 2005. Go to citation Crossref 21. Communicating Social SupportOnline publication date: 27 March 2010. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar22. Relations Between Big Five Personality Characteristics and Perceived Support in Adolescents' Families.Online publication date: 1 January 2004. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar23. Integrating Theory, Basic Research, and Intervention: Two Case Studies From Caregiving ResearchOnline publication date: 1 March 2003. Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarManju Kaul and Brian Lakey24. Where is the Support in Perceived Support? The Role of Generic Relationship Satisfaction and Enacted Support in Perceived Support's Relation to Low DistressOnline publication date: 1 June 2005. Go to citation Crossref 25. Perceived Support and Low Emotional Distress: The Role of Enacted Support, Dyad Similarity, and Provider PersonalityOnline publication date: 2 July 2016. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar26. Relational support in families with adolescents.Online publication date: 1 January 2002. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar27. Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref 28. How people make support judgments: Individual differences in the traits used to infer supportiveness in others.Online publication date: 1 January 2001. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar29. Defining Wellness: Stress, Illness, and the Application of Existing KnowledgeOnline publication date: 19 November 2009. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar30. The influence of husband and wife personality on marital social support interactionsOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar31. Personality and Social Support ProcessesOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar32. A Social-Cognitive Perspective on Social SupportOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Volume 15Issue 3Sep 1996 Information© 1996 Guilford Publications Inc.PDF download

Are Religious People Nice People? Evidence from the National Survey of Black Americans

Are Religious People Nice People? Evidence from the National Survey of Black Americans

Are Religious People Nice People? Evidence from the National Survey of Black Americans

Are Religious People Nice People? Evidence from the National Survey of Black Americans

Putting steel on its mettle

Traditionally, if you wanted a nice glossy finish on your sheet metal products, you would have to follow fabrication with a painting or coating operation. Now, thanks to the nice people at British Steel, you can buy your sheet metal pre-finished. “It won't work here”? Think again, says Andrew Turner.

Children's Classics and the Critics

Children's Classics and the Critics Susan R. Gannon (bio) Bingham, Jane M. , ed. Writers for Children: Critical Studies of Major Authors Since the Seventeenth Century. New York: Scribner's, 1988. Frey, Charles, and John Griffith . The Literary Heritage of Childhood: An Appraisal of Children's Classics in the Western Tradition. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1987. Perhaps it is not surprising that the best essays in both Writers for Children and The Literary Heritage of Childhood tend to be narrowly focused. Children's classics are often strange and puzzling books, very much one-of-a-kind. They don't yield up their secrets easily, and that is probably part of their charm. So the stereotypical reference book article—a dash of psychobiography, a smidgeon of plot summary, and a pinch of thematics—simply won't do for a survey of the classics. These two new books are welcome additions to the reference shelf because—at their best—they treat the masterworks of children's literature with due respect for their uniqueness and their individuality. Frey and Griffith characterize their own approach to the classics in The Literary Heritage of Childhood as "eclectic." They look at the values expressed in Tom Sawyer, Treasure Island, and Kim, study the biographical background of Wilder's work, and offer "psycho-sexual" readings of Barrie and Andersen. Many of their pieces, like those on Marie Le Prince de Beaumont's Beauty and the Beast or Newbery's Mother Goose's Melody are no more than brief introductory notes, while others, like those on Stevenson and Spyri, are more ambitious. Frey and Griffith are refreshing in their willingness to raise questions they cannot completely answer and to leave the strangeness of some of the works they discuss unexplained. They appear to "find less prettiness or innocence or even conventional happiness in children's readings" than "disruptive energy, rapid and shocking experience, and persistent revelations of contradictions and strangeness at the core of personal, familial, and social life." Their readings thus often stress the contradictions at the heart of familiar works. Their piece on Heidi, for example, suggests that though people often think of the book as all sweetness and light, it is "Spyri's imaginative response to pain, of a definite, peculiar sort." It is, they believe, "for and about, not just nice people, but people who suffer from the need to be nice." Spyri's story can appeal to those who "thrill to the thought of a good little girl whom everyone loves—but who feel, too, the allure of a mountain fastness where love and responsibility can be blown away in a mighty wind that shakes the firs like toys." And Frey and Griffith see marriage in Little Women as representing both fulfillment of a sort, and "a kind of submission to mortality." For "on a certain deep level, not fully acknowledged, the idyl of Little Women suggests that with marriage 'the shades of the prison-house begin to close.'" Frey and Griffith's command of the criticism in their field is evident, for example, in their piece on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. But presumably out of deference to the audience they envision of "general readers—perhaps even some youthful ones—" as well as "teachers, students, librarians, and others interested in children's books," their critical sources are silently assimilated rather than footnoted, and the bibliography at the end of the text is skimpy. Surely a book like this would only have been strengthened by the inclusion of individual bibliographies for each of the works covered. (I have never understood why the general reader is thought to be put off by bibliographies. They are easy to skip when they don't interest the reader, and a godsend when they do.) The index of this book is helpful and unusually detailed, offering cross references according to theme which might be especially welcome to teachers. (Sample headings include: "nature," "morality," "love," "didacticism," "humor," "hunger," "identity," "satire," "revenge.") General readers will find this book accessible and interesting, though the essays often read like excerpts from a clever and helpful teacher's guide to a children's literature survey text. In fact—with the addition of some appropriate...

Art Hodes

I still believe she was my twin, But I lost the ring. . . . These songs mingle rapture and regret, and there is an air of poignant sadness to them. The series is topped off by "Sara" from the album Desire, an elegiac song that marks the end of his twelve-year marriage, a gesture as final and as painful as the $10-million-dollar divorce settlement. Dylan is one of our truest poets, and only our discomfort with an aural medium prevents us from seeing this. It's fascinating though not surprising to see that over the course of his career social themes easily lost out to eros and the encounter with the muse. How consistent this is with Robert Graves's classic account of the poet's encounter with the White Goddess in his poem "To Juan at the Winter Solstice": Dwell on her graciousness, dwell on her smiling, Do not forget what flowers The great boar trampled down in ivy time. Her brow was creamy as the crested wave, Her sea-blue eyes were wild But nothing promised that is not performed. ART HODES / Charles Simic IATE AT NIGHT one should go where blues is played. Let it be cold, J too. Some bleak Tuesday arriving with a few snowflakes along the dark avenues and treacherous-looking sidestreets. It's better that one be alone then, or if there's a friend, let him not say very much. It's too late for trumpets, trombones, and drum-rolls. What one needs is a piano; the master working alone. The few solitary patrons of the art slouched over their drinks, communing with their innermost selves. Nice people don't care for the blues. Nice people are in bed at this hour. I heard Art Hodes on a night like that in a place called Hanratty's in New York City back in 1981. 1 knew the man's music well. One of the scratchiest records in my collection is of Hodes romping with Sidney Bechet on "Weary Blues." One of my all-time favorite jazz piano pieces is Hodes's version of Hoagy Carmichael's "Washboard Blues" on an album appropriately called Art for Art's Sake. The art Hodes 176 ¦ The Missouri Review practices is now rarely heard. There's a blues-piano tradition going back to the early twenties, at least, which includes such greats as Jelly Roll Morton, Leroy Carr, Jimmy Yancy, and those many lesser-known accompanists of blues singers, people like Walter Rolland, Walter Davis, Cripple Clarence Lofton, and Roosevelt Sykes. This tradition is really separate from that of the stride-piano practiced by Fats Waller, James P. Johnson, or even Tatum. It's less technically dazzling, more succinct, more single-minded, as it were: a minimum of notes, a lot of feeling, and a disarming melodic directness with its roots in rural blues and gospel. It's the music for insomniacs, the philosophers of a single dark thought. Pascal was a blues artist, and so was Sappho. The music that night was wordless, of course, but language was never far off. Listening to it is like overhearing a man making a poem, saying the words again and again, removing one word, adding another. I've heard a number of great piano players play the blues but not one as poignantly as Hodes. The night my brother and I arrived at Hanratty's, he was between sets. We got a table right next to the piano and looked around. Hodes was seventy-seven at the time, balding and a bit bent, but otherwise strong looking. He was born in Nikoliev, Russia, and with his big nose is the spitting image of my Russian father-in-law. What amazed me about him, what amazes me about all the jazz musicians I've seen, is the knowledge that these people work at night. Fifty years of playing into the wee hours while the century turned on its brightly-lit roller coaster. A labor of love, surely, since there was never much money in it, and certainly no social prestige. This music was first played in dives, whorehouses, after-hours dancehalls for an audience of blacks. Most of...

Editorial

Among the rewarding features of the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association is the opportunity it provides for researchers in mathematics education to break away from the pack and see what laborers in other parts of the vineyard are up to. At the meeting in New Orleans in April, one symposium addressed the issue of whether educational research has a waste disposal problem. The panel of distinguished senior researchers seemed to agree that the answer is yes. They balked, however, at a proposal to set up a commission to purge the system, arguing that one researcher's trash is another's treasure and that our current state of barely civilized anarchy is better than giving so much power to our colleagues, even if they are nice people. Maxine Greene made an eloquent plea that researchers come out of their “methodological ghettos” and learn what approaches are being used elsewhere—a piece of advice that might well apply to some folks in mathematics education.

A Research Note on Religion and Morality: Are Religious People Nice People?

A Research Note on Religion and Morality: Are Religious People Nice People?

A Research Note on Religion and Morality: Are Religious People Nice People?

Journal Article A Research Note on Religion and Morality: Are Religious People Nice People? Get access S. Philip Morgan S. Philip Morgan University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 61, Issue 3, March 1983, Pages 683–692, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/61.3.683 Published: 01 March 1983

‘Two of the nicest people if ever there was one’: The correspondence of Sidney and Beatrice Webb∗

(1980). ‘Two of the nicest people if ever there was one’: The correspondence of Sidney and Beatrice Webb. Historical Studies: Vol. 19, No. 75, pp. 286-292.

Nice people with no manners

Nice people with no manners

Nice people with no manners

Nice people with no manners

Nice people with splendid manners

Nice people with splendid manners

Nice people with no manners

Nice people with no manners

Douglas Carruthers and Geographical Contrasts in Central Asia The First Douglas Carruthers Memorial Lecture

WE ARE here tonight to honour the memory of Douglas Carruthers and to do somet ing, I hope, to conti ue his tradition. Born in 1882, Douglas Carruthers, who died in 1962, was one ofthe really remarkable scientific explorers of this century (Plate IV). When a boy, as he wrote himself, he wanted to cross what in those days was still called 'Darkest Africa', to see the rock-hewn ruins of Petra, and to reach 'that strange capital at the back ofthe world, Bukhara' (Beyond the Caspian, London, 1949 p. ix). Before he was 26, he had done all three. In 1904-05, he was in the part of Syria that is today Lebanon, at the American University in Beirut, where he made scientific collections, especially of birds, and another collection which he sent back to England. This earned him the opportunity to go to Africa with the British Museum Ruwenzori Expedition of 1905-06. After ascending Ruwenzori and making collections there, he and another man did in fact cross Africa from east to west, coming out down the Congo. In 1907-08, he spent two years in what was then Russian Turkistan, where he made great scien? tific collections, including one or two species that were named after him. In later years, he was once asked what region he would choose if he had to stay in some one place for the rest of his life. His answer was, 'the region of Bukhara-Samarkand. It has the most magnificent mountains, it has the loveliest climate, it has the nicest people'. After Russian Turkistan, he explored in desert Arabia and collected specimens of the fast-vanishing oryx. This was the subject of his book, Arabian Adventure (1935). In 1910-11, at the age of only 28, he led a remarkable expedition, accompanied by J. H. Miller, a big-game hunter (later killed at Gallipoli), and M. P. Price, who stayed on in Russia, reported the Russian Revolution as a journalist, and was later a Member of Parliament. Price was the botanist of the expedition. They explored the head-waters of the Yenisey and got up into the territory which was known in those days as Uriankhai and is today the Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?for centuries a debatable land between the Tzarist Empire of Russia and the Manchu Empire of China, which in 1944 finally voted itself into the Soviet Union (Fig. 1). In these territories and in the Altai, they were in the ancient homeland of the Turkish-speaking peoples whose migrations in the course of history reached the Arctic, the Great Wall of China, the Indus and the Mediterranean. From there, they went into north-west Mongolia, then into Dzungaria, the northern part of Sinkiang or Chinese Turkistan, the lovely valley and ice-capped mountains of Ili, and in the end came out via Kashgar and over the Karakoram route into Ladakh, Kashmir and India. Almost immediately after this journey, for which he was awarded the Patron's Medal of our Society, he made a reconnaissance

Violence and the Art of Storytelling

city, I photograph a teenage girl on top of a battered car. For twenty-five cents, she is handed a pickax and ten opportunities to smash holes in the car. Her peers cheer from the sidelines. There is no object, no prize to be won-only the sheer joy of destruction, perhaps, and the venting of frustration and rage. a two and one half hour drive east from here, a quiet, considerate, Regents scholarship winner, holes himself up in his school's top floor and shoots fourteen people, three of them to death. In New York City, but not here in Olean, protest the disbelieving townspeople. Today, the front page headlines of the local Post-Standard sprawl in their black, detached way: Body of Woman Found in Ditch: Stabbing Cause of Death. To the right of the headlines is Terry Cornell's graduation picture, taken from her high school yearbook. The whole account is a cool, detached piece of reportage, with canned phrases like partly clad body, and practicalities like lab tests to be made and time of death to be ascertained. Cool, canned, and practical-as gets to be the approach when the same violent story takes place so daily. But the story is not so daily for me because five years ago I taught Terry Cornell. Others will have their own particular bouquets; this article from her former teacher is subtitled, Flowers for Terry. There is every indication that more bloodshed is in the offing, that violence is the new obscenity, that violent movies and violent television and violent adult books and violent adults do indeed make violent kids. Violence links with power, change, sports, art, religion, and some very nice people, as well. We try to cope, try to understand the obscenity, legislate and crusade against it, mentally boycott it, bring it all out into the open and discuss it in classrooms. one classroom, students work on a mini-course called, Ireneology, that is, the study of peace. the gym next to where they study, cheerleaders scream, Beat, smash, kill, wipe out that team. What are we to do? you ask. My modest proposal-turn off the TV, movies, top ten radio stations, cassette recorders, overhead and slide projectors and, with a short story in hand, try projecting the human voice instead. Return, in

A View of the Resurrection

It was in the future days—I know time tells strange tales—that the idea first came to me. We had discovered long before how to transmit objects by dematerialising them in one place, translating them into the basic energy of their matter, and directing this energy to another place for rematerialisation. You will appreciate that this in itself had given rise to some pretty wild theories about the Resurrection of Christ. However, in working out how to apply this principle across galactic distances, we accidently discovered a way of tracking the light of past events. As you know, you see a thing when light is reflected from it to your eye. That light never dies but hurtles away, out through space, at the speed of 186,000 miles per second. Somehow, one of our team was able to draw up the formula for finding and reconvening the light of past events, and for showing us these events on the face of our computer.To put it crudely, this involved a leap ahead of the light, by a short-cut method, encountering the light and bringing its information back, by short-cut, almost instantaneously to our computer which translated it into vision on its face. A few seconds was all the computer needed to intercept and interpret events of thousands of light-years’ distance.Even though we could do this with light only, and not with sound, an extraordinary amount of excitement was generated, and many people used the machine to witness once more the happy events of their childhood, etc. On the whole, though, this shattered too many illusions, and it hurt and embarrassed some very nice people indeed. More caution was used.

Pacifism for Pragmatists

Previous articleNext article No AccessPacifism for PragmatistsMartin BenjaminMartin Benjamin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 83, Number 3Apr., 1973 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/291879 Views: 7Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1973 University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Richard Werner The Immorality of Nuclear Deterrence, (Jun 2019): 158–178.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429302299-13Michael I. Magcamit, Alexander C. Tan East and South China Seas Maritime Dispute Resolution and Escalation: Two Sides of the Same Coin?, Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 3, no.22 (Jul 2016): 113–134.https://doi.org/10.1177/2347797016645450Sarah Conly Ethics 1965–90, Ethics 125, no.44 (Oct 2015): 1114–1118.https://doi.org/10.1086/680875Ryan Tonkens Should autonomous robots be pacifists?, Ethics and Information Technology 15, no.22 (May 2012): 109–123.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-012-9292-z