Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of its two tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Herefter referred to as the “One River and Two Tributaries” region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and 5th population censuses, the article has analyzed change patterns of this region's labor force, Major findings from the study are summarized as follows: ① Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor force population in 2000 has increased significanlty. ② Children dependency coefficient has dropped, while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0.047% only. ③ Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 years old have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the national average. ④ Women's illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generally quite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.