Ni Solid Solution Research Articles

Effect of Flash-Ni Plating Layer on Interfacial Behavior of Zn-Al-Mg Coating/DH780 Steel

The Zn-Al-Mg coated DH780 high-strength steel with a flash-Ni plating layer was used in this study. The occurrence state of Ni element at the coating/steel interface was investigated, and the relationship between Mn and Si elements and the internal oxidation at the interface was discussed. The results show that Ni existed between the Fe2Al5 layer and the steel substrate in the form of Fe(Ni) solid solution and Ni elemental substance. The mutual diffusion rate between Fe and Al was greatly reduced after flash-Ni plating, and the continuity of Fe2Al5 layer of the flash-Ni-plated steel was slightly lower than that of the Ni-free steel. Moreover, the diffusion coefficients of Mn and Si in the Ni layer were lower than those in the steel substrate, which indicated that the Ni layer significantly inhibited the diffusion of Mn and Si to the surface. The average depth of internal oxidation was reduced by 70.8% after flash-Ni plating, the average Mn, Si and O contents at the interface after flash-Ni plating were reduced by 19.6%, 6.1% and 22.7%, respectively, which indicated that the flash-Ni plating layer can isolate the steel substrate from the annealing atmosphere, inhibit the internal oxidation and interfacial enrichment of Mn and Si, especially for Mn. Therefore, the flash-Ni plating layer can improve the wettability of high-strength steel sheets during continuous annealing.

Microstructural and Performance Analysis of (TiAl)95−xCu5Nix Coatings Prepared via Laser Surface Cladding on Ti–6Al–4V Substrates

In this study, the surface of (Ti-6Al-4V)TC4 alloy was modified via laser cladding. The elemental composition of the coating was (TiAl)95−xCu5Nix, with Ni as the variable (where x = 0, 3, 6, and 9 at.%). Multi-principal alloy coatings were successfully prepared, and their constituent phases, microstructures, and chemical compositions were thoroughly investigated. The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were analyzed, and the compositions and interfacial characteristics of the different phases were examined via transmission electron microscopy. The analysis revealed that Ni formed a solid solution and a eutectic structure in the Ti(Al, Cu)2 phase. These findings provide valuable insights into the coating properties. Moreover, reciprocal dry sliding friction experiments were conducted to investigate the wear mechanism. The results revealed a significant increase in wear resistance owing to the formation of a Ni solid solution and changes in the coating structure. Additionally, tensile tests demonstrated that the tensile strength of the coatings initially increased and then decreased with varying Ni content. By combining these results with various analyses, we determined that the coating exhibited optimal properties at a Ni content of 6 at.%. Overall, this study comprehensively investigated the microstructure and phase transition behavior of these coatings through various analytical techniques. These findings provide valuable guidance for further optimizing both the preparation process and the performance of the coatings. The coatings exhibit excellent wear resistance and could inspire the design of more advanced protective surfaces.

Radiation Resistance of High-Entropy Alloys CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, Sequentially Irradiated with Kr and He Ions.

This work studied the effect of sequential irradiation by krypton and helium ions at room temperature on the composition and structure of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Irradiation of the HEAs by 280 keV Kr14+ ions up to a fluence of 5 × 1015 cm-2 and 40 keV He2+ ions up to a fluence of 2 × 1017 cm-2 did not alter their elemental distribution and constituent phases. Blisters formed on the nickel surface after sequential irradiation, where large blisters had an average diameter of 3.8 μm. The lattice parameter of the (Co, Cr, Fe and Ni) and (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni) solid solutions increased by 0.17% and 0.37% after sequential irradiation, respectively. Irradiation by Kr ions led to a decrease in tensile macrostresses in the HEAs in the region of krypton ion implantation (Region I) and the formation of compressive macrostresses in the region behind the peak of implanted krypton (Region II). Sequential irradiation formed large compressive stresses in Ni and HEAs equal to -131.5 MPa, -300 MPa and -613.5 MPa in Ni, CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, respectively, in the Region II. Irradiation by krypton ions decreased the dislocation density by 1.6-2.3 times, and irradiation with helium ions increased it by 11-15 times relative to unirradiated samples for CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, respectively. Sequentially irradiated CoCrFeMnNi HEA had higher macrostresses and dislocation density than CoCrFeNi.

Influence of Ni‐Coating Thickness on Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg/Ti Bimetal via Compound Casting

In this article, the influence of Nickel (Ni)coating thickness on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D/Ti–6Al–4 V bimetal fabricated by compound casting is investigated. In the results, it is shown that the Ni coating and its thickness have a significant effect on the interfacial phase compositions and mechanical properties of AZ91D/Ti–6Al–4 V bimetal. At a Ni‐coating thickness of 6.5–27.3 μm, it transforms into α‐Mg + Mg2Ni eutectic structures + blocky τ‐Ni2Mg3Al ternary compounds at the interface zone. When the Ni‐coating thickness increases to 36.1 μm, part of the Ni coating remains, and the interface layer forms, comprising the Ni solid solution layer, Mg2Ni layer, τ‐Ni2Mg3Al ternary compounds, and α‐Mg + τ‐Ni2Mg3Al particles from Ti–6Al–4 V to AZ91D side in sequence. The microhardness of the interface zone is lower than that of the Ti–6Al–4 V but higher than AZ91D. The bimetal shear strength reaches a maximum value of 87.6 MPa at a Ni‐coating thickness of 19.7 μm enhanced by 78.5% in comparison with that of the bimetal without Ni coating. The results are helpful to further enrich the interface control method of compound casting of Ti/Mg bimetal and determine the ideal interlayer thickness for maximizing interface strength.

Effect of Ni on the mechanical and corrosion properties of TiC-reinforced steel matrix composites

Particle-reinforced steel matrix composites typically lead to a decrease in corrosion resistance while enhancing mechanical properties. However, steel matrix composites for marine applications require superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this study, 8 vol% TiC/Fe–C composites were prepared using the master alloy method. The effects of Ni contents (0, 1.2 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 2.4 wt%) on the mechanical and corrosion properties of the composites were evaluated. Results indicated that the tensile strength, elongation, and corrosion resistance of the composites initially increased and then decreased with increasing Ni content. The σUTS and εf of Ni2.0 composites increased from 536 MPa and 4.1 % for Ni0 to 1100 MPa and 9.0 %, respectively. The icorr and corrosion rate of the Ni2.0 composite were 0.440 μA/cm2 and 0.0057 mm/year, respectively. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of TiC particle-reinforced steel matrix composites were simultaneously enhanced by the addition of 2.0 wt% Ni. The increase in strength is mainly attributed to changes in thermal mismatch resulting from Ni addition, solid solution strengthening of the Fe–Ni solid solution, and improved interface compatibility between the TiC particles and the matrix, thus enhancing load transfer efficiency. The increase in plasticity can be attributed to the significant improvement in interface deformation compatibility with Ni addition. The increase in corrosion resistance primarily results from the steel matrix alloying, uniform distribution of TiC particles, and strong interface bonding between the particles and the matrix.

A study of laser-remelted flame-sprayed NiCrBSi/W composite coatings: the influence of thermal diffusivity

The article presents research results on the microstructure of laser-remelted NiCrBSi coatings deposited with flame spraying. Two types of coating powders were used. Commercial Metco 15E powder is strengthened with chromium-based carbide and boride phases based on a eutectic form of Ni(Cr) solid solution matrix with borides and Ni silicides. The second powder was also Metco 15E but with the addition of 50 mass% metallic tungsten granules. In both cases, identical parameters of the flame spraying and laser melting processes were used. It was found that introducing tungsten significantly changes the morphology of the coating. This applies to the size of the heat-affected zone, its microstructural nature (grain growth), and the dilution effect. These elements influenced the level of hardness obtained, which was lower in the case of the modified coating. At the same time, however, the modified coating was characterised by a stable microhardness distribution in the cross section, especially in connection with the substrate material. This indicates a strong tendency of tungsten to annihilate the dilution effect and inhibits the decrease in the hardness of the carbide and boride phases associated with the increase in iron content. The factor responsible for the described effects is a significant difference in the thermal diffusivity of the materials used to produce the coatings. This size significantly impacts the scale of the created heat-affected zone and directly affects the mixing effect.

Microstructure and Wear Performance of High-Velocity Arc Sprayed FeMnCrNiBNbAl Coating

In this study, FeMnCrNiBNbAl wear-resistant coatings were prepared via high-velocity arc spraying technology on the surface of Q235 steel. The effects of spraying distance, voltage, and current on the coating performance were studied via the orthogonal experimental method with microhardness and porosity as evaluation indicators, and the process parameters were optimized. The order of primary and secondary factors affecting coating performance were: spraying distance, voltage, and current. The optimized process parameters are: spraying distance 200 mm, voltage 36 V, and current 240 A. The coating prepared using the optimized process parameters has an average microhardness of 756 HV0.1 and an average porosity of 1.03%. The coating mainly consists of α-Fe, Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr-Fe, Al2O3, and (Fe, Ni) solid solution. The coating friction coefficient was 0.5 while that of the substrate was 0.7. The depth and width of the wear marks of the coating were 6.32 µm and 555.41 µm, respectively, which are 66% and 32% lower in comparison with Q235 steel under the same test conditions. The wear forms of this coating were mainly fatigue peeling and adhesive wear.

A novel device for investigating the anti-melting loss performance of Ni60A coating on coppery tuyere

Coppery tuyere is a core component in iron-making blast furnace, mainly used for supplying hot air and injecting pulverized coal. Due to the harsh service environment, tuyeres are prone to failure by wear and melting loss. Surface coatings can significantly improve the wear resistance of copper surface, but their anti-melting loss performance is still a research blank. This paper designed a novel device for testing the anti-melting loss performance of coatings. The device included plasma melting-drop, induction preheating and infrared temperature control systems, which can simulate the process of coating being corroded by molten iron under service conditions. Anti-melting loss test results of Ni60A coating indicated that the molten iron and the γ-(Cu, Fe, Ni) solid solution in the coating can form metallurgical bonding by element diffusion, thus adhering on the coating surface. The continuous accumulation of iron will worsen the heat-transfer capability of tuyere, making it more likely to cause melting loss. Adding ceramics in the Ni60A alloy or developing coating materials with higher melting points are expected to improve the anti-melting loss performance of coatings on coppery tuyere.

Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAl/HI-TEMP 820/ SCM440H Materials Manufactured through Vacuum Brazing according to Process Temperature

The TiAl alloy is attracting attention as a lightweight and heat-resistant material, because of its high specific strength, excellent high-temperature formability, and fatigue strength. However, its applications are limited by its high unit price and low room temperature ductility. To overcome this issue, dissimilarly bonded materials have been extensively employed. This involves joining a brittle metal to a low-cost metal that possesses excellent plasticity, using various dissimilar bonding techniques. In this study, TiAl/HI-TEMP 820/SCM440H materials were fabricated using a vacuum brazing process under different temperature conditions. After the brazing process, the microstructure of the interfacial area revealed seven distinct layers resulting from chemical reactions between the base metals and the filler metal. These reaction layers consisted of a Ni solid solution, intermetallic compounds (Ti<sub>3</sub>Al, TiNi<sub>2</sub>Al, Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni, FeNi), and borides (CrB, TiB<sub>2</sub>, FeB). To analyze the effect of brazing temperature on the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties at the interface of TiAl/HI-TEMP 820/SCM440H materials, conventional uniaxial tests and nanoindentation tests were performed. The measured nanohardness exhibited a significantly large distribution for each reaction layer, with the highest hardness values observed in the intermetallic compounds and borides layers. Additionally, room temperature tensile tests confirmed that fractures initiated in the highhardness and brittle intermetallic compounds and borides layers.

Laser melting deposition of Inconel625 to Ti6Al4V bimetallic structure via vanadium interlayer

Inconel 625 (IN625) nickel-based high-temperature alloy and Ti6Al4V (TC4) titanium alloy are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their respective excellent properties. Developing the IN625/TC4 bimetallic structure (BS) has more apparent benefits and broader application prospects. Still, it has been challenging for industry research to connect these two materials successfully. In this study, IN625/TC4 BS without metallurgical defects such as cracks was successfully fabricated by adding the V interlayer using laser melting deposition (LMD) technique, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicate that IN625/TC4 BS can be divided into five regions from the IN625 side to the TC4 side, namely IN625 region, IN625/V transition region, rich V region, V/TC4 transition region, and TC4 region. The phase evolution of the five regions is as follows: γ-Ni + laves → γ-Ni + (Ni2Cr)V + TiNi3 + (V, Cr, Ni) solid solution → (V, Cr, Mo) solid solution + TiNi → β-Ti + TiNi + Ti2Ni → α-Ti + β-Ti. The Vickers hardness in the transition region is not uniformly distributed, with the highest value reaching 955 HV. The tensile strength of IN625/TC4 BS via V interlayer is approximately 267.6 MPa. The fracture location is located at the interface between rich V region and V/TC4 transition region, and its fracture morphology displays features of a quasi-cleavage fracture.

First-principles study on the high-strength and high-conductivity modification mechanism of C7035 copper alloy by Ni, Si, and Co solid solution

In order to investigate the effects of matrix solid solution, precipitate phases, and microscale interfaces on the mechanical and electrical properties of copper alloys, we employed first-principles calculations based on density functional theory study aimed to understand how alloying elements enhance the strength and conductivity of copper. The results demonstrated that doping Co atoms into the copper matrix using the Dop2 structure model exhibited the most significant improvement in both mechanical and electrical properties. The Young's modulus was doubled compared to pure copper, and the hardness increased several times. The electrical conductivity reached 59.8 % of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS), showing a 6.6 % enhancement compared to Si doping. To validate computational results, we conducted experiments that confirmed the accuracy of the predicted mechanical and electrical properties. Furthermore, the introduction of Co effectively reduced electron losses at the interface between the precipitate phase and the copper matrix. The electron transmission rate through the Co2Si (211)/Cu (111) interface reached 78.6 %, representing a 94.1 % improvement compared to the Ni2Si (111)/Cu (111) interface. In conclusion, Co can simultaneously enhance the mechanical and electrical properties of Cu–Ni–Si alloys, providing theoretical guidance for the design and fabrication of high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloys.

Power generation via solid oxide fuel cell using ex-reformed oxygen-containing low-concentration methane

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using oxygen-containing low concentration coal mine methane (O-LCM, CH4<30 %) for power generation are an attractive way to cleanly and efficiently convert abundant O-LCM resources into clean energy. However, direct use of O-LCM for power generation leads to low internal reforming performance and anode coking problems. Therefore, in this study, simulated O-LCM (30 vol% CH4-70 vol% air) was used as fuel and Ni–BaO–CeO2 (NBC) and Ni–BaO-(Ce,Zr)O2 (NBCZ) catalysts were prepared to improve the electrochemical performance and carbon deposition resistance of SOFCs. The composite catalyst containing nanoscale Ni and (Ce,Zr)O2 solid solution with abundant oxygen vacancies are favorable for the enhancement of CH4 reforming and the elimination of carbon deposit. The results show that the NBCZ-modified SOFCs using O-LCM exhibits the much better electrochemical performance, resistance to carbon deposits and discharging stability than the NBC-modified SOFCs. The research provides a strategy for the utilization of O-LCM for power generation via SOFCs.

Boosting Manganese-Based Phosphate Cathode Performance via Fe or Ni Solid Solution for Lithium-Ion Battery: A First-Principles and Experiment Study

Boosting Manganese-Based Phosphate Cathode Performance via Fe or Ni Solid Solution for Lithium-Ion Battery: A First-Principles and Experiment Study

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterizations of Mo/W and Mo/Graphite Joints with BNi2 Paste

Brazing of Mo to W and to graphite is achieved using BNi2 paste (containing Ni, Cr, Si, and B). For the Mo/W or Mo/graphite joint, the joining area consists of a diffusion area and a brazing area. The diffusion area is composed of MoNi and Mo, which is formed by diffusion of the Mo substrate into the braze during brazing. The brazing area of the Mo/W joint contains Ni(ss) (solid solution), Cr(ss), Ni3B, CrB, and Ni4W, while the brazing area of the Mo/graphite joint mainly comprises Ni(ss), MoNi, Ni3B, and CrB. A continuous chromium carbide layer is formed at the brazing area/graphite interface in the Mo/graphite joint due to the reaction of Cr in the BNi2 braze with the graphite. Nanoindentation measurements of the joints show that the diffusion area exhibits the highest hardness and elastic modulus in the joints. The shear strengths of the Mo/W and Mo/graphite joints are 58.1 ± 16.0 and 13.0 ± 4.0 MPa, respectively. The Mo/W and Mo/graphite joints fracture after the shear tests in the W and graphite sides, respectively, near the joining area, indicating that both fractures are caused by the stress concentration in the corresponding areas.

Dramatic improvement of the strength of laser welded joints of Nb521 to GH3128 by adding pure copper as an interlayer

Weld cracks and low weld strength of Nb521 to GH3128 dissimilar metal welded joint are key factors influencing their weldability. To obtain favorable crack-free laser welded joints, this research adopted copper as an interlayer to research the microstructure and properties of laser direct welded and laser offset welded joints of Nb521 to GH3128 superalloy. Compared to previous research results, the tensile strength of laser direct welded joints is enhanced by 2.5 folds. There is a melting reaction layer at the position where the center welded joints are adjacent to the Nb521 base metal, and Ni3Nb and Laves phases are present in the layer. The copper solid solution is located in the center of fusion zone, and Ni3Nb-Laves hard particles are found. The phases near the side of GH3128 superalloy base metal are Ni solid solution, Cu solid solution, Ni3Nb/Cr2Nb hard particles and high melting point alloy mixture. Macrosegregation at the laser offset welding fusion zone is more serious. The phases near the Nb521 base metal are Nb solid solution, Cu solid solution, Ni3Nb and Cu/Cr eutectic structure. At the center of the fusion zone, Cu solid solution, Ni3Nb and Cu/Cr eutectic structure are observed. The phases near GH3128 base metal are Ni solid solution, Cr2Nb phase and Cu solid solution. Mean Vickers hardness values of the direct welded fusion zone is 271.7 ± 129.8 HV, which reduces mismatching of hardness of the joints to a certain degree. As there are Laves phase and Ni3Nb brittle phase in the melting reaction layer adjacent to Nb521 base metal, the microhardness value is up to 589.1 HV. The average microhardness of the offset welded fusion zone is 449.1 ± 217.4 HV, which is higher than the hardness of Nb521 and GH3128 base metals, due to increasing number of brittle phases in the joints. Strength values of the direct welded and offset welded joints are 418.7 ± 49.8 MPa and 364.3 ± 24.5 MPa respectively, which are separately 86.0% and 74.8% of Nb521 base metal. Fractures are all found to occur at the fusion zone on the side of Nb521. The direct welded joints exhibit mixed fracture characteristics with dimples and cleavage facets on the fracture, while the offset welded joints are characterized by brittle fracture.

Strengthening of compound casting Al/Mg bimetallic interface with Ni interlayer by vibration assisted treatment

To improve the microstructure of compound casting Al/Mg bimetallic interface and optimize the bonding performance, the vibration assisted treatment and the Ni interlayer coating treatment were combined. After the composite treatment, the thickness of the Al/Mg bimetallic interface decreased significantly, only 8.13% of the original interface thickness. The original large amount of brittle and hard Al–Mg intermetallic compounds (IMCs) no longer existed, and were replaced by the (Mg–Ni) layer dominated by Mg3Ni2Al, the Al3Ni layer and the Ni solid solution layer. The shear crushing effect and the convective stirring effect of the vibration assisted treatment provided more stable and good metallurgical bonding for the Al/Mg bimetallic interface after introducing Ni interlayer. On this basis, combined with the second phase strengthening effect of the newly precipitating Mg3Ni2Al, the bonding strength of the Al/Mg bimetallic interface significantly improved, from 35.47 MPa to 56.12 MPa, with an increase of 58.22%.

Exploring avoiding brittle compounds in brazed joints of C/C composites and DD3 alloys through surface modification

Joining C/C composites to Ni-based single crystal alloy DD3 can significantly broaden their industrial application. The currently used active brazing method (ABM) may cause harmful reactions with Ni-based alloys, generating brittle compounds and deteriorating joint performance. In this work, a two-step method involving chromium carbide (Cr–C) surface modification and brazing using pure Cu filler is first developed to explore avoiding brittle compounds in joints. Surprisingly, the brazed seam of joints is mainly composed of (Cu, Ni) solid solution (s, s) without generating brittle compounds. At the DD3 interface, only (Ni, Cu) (s, s) and (Cu, Ni) (s, s) layers are formed. Besides, (W, Mo) (s, s) particles are precipitated nearby the DD3 substrate. For the C/C interface, the Cu filler is tightly joined to the Cr–C layer without forming new phases. The joint microstructure has no significant change with the variation of the Cr–C layer thickness. As increased the Cr–C layer thickness, the joint strength first increases and then decreases. The maximum shear strength of ∼32 MPa is obtained when the Cr–C layer thickness is ∼4.6 μm. The joint shear strength decreases with increased testing temperatures, which can still be maintained at ∼28 MPa at 600 °C. The surface modification and brazing strategy in this work can be further applied to the joining of other carbon materials and ceramics with poor wettability.

Tribological and oxidation behaviors of TiN reinforced Co matrix composite coatings on Inconel718 alloy by laser cladding

To improve the tribological properties of Inconel718 superalloy under harsh conditions such as high temperature, the Co/TiN composite coatings were created by laser cladding on its surface. Phase analysis, microstructure morphology, and microhardness, wear, and oxidation experiments were used to evaluate the tribological behaviors of the composite coatings at room temperature (RT) and 600 °C, as well as the oxidation resistance at 800 °C. The results of phase analysis show that the coatings mainly contain γ-Co, (Fe,Ni) solid solution, intermetallics FeNi3 and TiN. Among the three coatings, Co-6%TiN coating has the highest microhardness, which is 1.4 times that of the substrate (279.3 HV0.5). In addition, it also shows the best wear resistance and oxidation resistance. The wear rate is 1.36 × 10−5 mm3/(N∙m) and 0.94 × 10−5 mm3/(N∙m) at RT and 600 °C, and the oxidation rate constant is 8.7634 mg2∙cm−4∙h−1, with the wear mechanism of plastic deformation, abrasive and oxidation wear. This work investigated Co/TiN composite coating at high temperatures for proposing a novel solution for improving the properties of Inconel718.

Two-step laser cladding of Inconel 625 on copper

Copper is widely used in many industrial applications although its poor mechanical properties limit its use. Nevertheless, nickel-based alloys offer high wear resistance that applied on copper as surface coating could overcome this lack. The direct application of coatings with laser technologies on a copper substrate presents difficulties due to the poor absorption of this metal in the usual wavelengths of lasers, and this study is focused precisely on solving them. The results of the two-step laser cladding of Inconel 625 on the copper substrate are analyzed in terms of microstructure, chemical analysis, and hardness. Moreover, the metallurgical bonding of (Cu and Ni) solid solution between the direct laser cladding coating of the Ni alloy and copper is studied as well as the absence of interfacial cracks and pores under specific process parameters. This bond is assured by the high dilution and the presence of 27 wt. % of copper. The second functional Inconel 625 layer shows a dendritic microstructure with a γ-Ni matrix and Mo- and Nb-rich precipitates in the interdendritic regions with no trace of copper.

Microstructure and wear behavior of plasma cladded Ni-based alloy coating on copper under different preheating temperature

To clarify the influence of process parameters on the microstructure and wear resistance of coating, a series of Ni60 A alloy were deposited on copper surface by plasma cladding under different preheating temperatures. The obtained coatings were new alloy materials formed by the dilution of Ni60 A alloy with Cu, and their microstructure and properties were closely related to the dilution rate. With the increase of preheating temperature, the dilution rate of the coatings increased obviously, which led to a gradual increase of the copper content in the γ-(Cu, Fe, Ni) solid solution phase, thus resulting in compositional inhomogeneity and performance deterioration of the coating. From 500 °C to 800 °C (preheating temperature), the average hardness of the coating decreased from 680.3 HV0.1 to 406.6 HV0.1, and the wear resistance reduced by 2.8 times. The wear mechanism of the coating changed from abrasive wear to the combination of abrasive wear and adhesive wear. For practical applications, to ensure the excellent wear resistance of the coating, the preheating temperature should be controlled at a low level.