Newtonian Fluid Research Articles

Synthesis and Analyses of Hair Conditioner with Natural Essence from <i>Picea Pungens Glauca</i> Leaves

The main purpose of this study is to synthesize hair conditioners using natural essence sources and determine the fluid properties of hair conditioners. The essence obtained from Picea pungens glauca (Blue Spruce Pine) leaves using Soxhlet extraction via ethanol was used to formulate a hair conditioner. Picea pungens, native to North America, are resistant to wind and air pollution and are grown in many regions. It has a strong flavor due to the terpenes in the leaf extracts. Here, we formulated a hair conditioner with these extracts, and then the physical and chemical features of the conditioners were examined. Characterization studies were done by viscometer, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. On the other hand, the shear rate and viscosity values were used to determine whether the synthesized creams were Newtonian or non-Newtonian. The conditioners were determined to be Newtonian fluids based on the results obtained.

Laws of conservation of mass and momentum for an ideal fluid in the inertial framework of special relativity

In the realm of Newtonian fluids, fundamental conservation laws such as those governing mass, momentum, and energy are rigorously upheld within absolute reference frames. However, within the framework of special relativity and the concept of space -time, the notions of separate conservation of mass and momentum no longer hold. Instead, the theory relies on Lorentz transformations and relative reference systems, typically denoted as S and S', moving uniformly relative to each other, each with its own temporal framework. Within the context of special relativity, particularly in the study of particles, significant findings pertain to the energy-momentum vector. These findings underscore the necessity, when studying fluids within inertial frames, to apply conservation principles to the energy-momentum tensor.

Channel flow dynamics of fractional viscoelastic nanofluids in molybdenum disulphide grease: A case study

Nanoscopic fluids especially viscoelastic Nanofluids are very useful in engineering and industrial problems. This research is to determine the open channel flow of a viscoelastic nanofluid (namely Oldroyd-B (OBNF)). Oldroyd-B fluid (OBF) was used as the base fluid and molybdenum disulphide nanopatrials were added in the fluid to form desired OBNF. To convert the mathematical model to a fractional model from a classical order partial differential equation PDE, fractional type derivative named Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) was used. The main objective of this study is to find the exact mathematical solution for the temperature, concentration and velocity distributions by using integral transformation technique. Final results are discussed graphically for the influence of different parameters on calculated temperature, concentration and velocity. Skin friction of the said fluid and engineering related dimensionless numbers including Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), Grashof number (Gr) and Schmidt number (Sc) are also discussed. At the end a comparison is illustrated in graphical form between current studied fluid (i.e. OBNF), another non-Newtonian fluid (i.e. Maxwell Nanofluid (MWNF)) and Newtonian fluid. As we know speed of Newtonian fluid is greater than non-Newtonian fluid, the same statement is validated by our solution. It is also noted that adding molybdenum disulphide nanoparticles to grease, heat transmission increased to 19.11% and mass transmission decreased to 2.51%.

Study of MHD on porous flat and curved circular plate lubricated with couple stress fluid-a slip velocity model

The current study achieved to explore novel of curved circular and porous flat plate under the existence of MHD and slip velocity. The gap between the plates is filled with conducting non-Newtonian lubricant as a couple stress fluids. We considered the phenomena of Darcy law is account for porous medium and Stokes theory is used to incorporate to couple stress effects. The effect of MHD slip velocity and couple stress lubricant is studied. By taking into account the couple stresses due to the microstructure additives and the magnetic effects due to the magnetization of the magnetic fluid modified Reynolds equation is obtained. The Reynolds equation is solved we obtain the derivation of non-dimensional pressure distribution, load carrying capacity and squeeze film time. Employing the Simpsons 1/3rd rule for numerical analysis in Mathematica tool and Origin Software to illustrate the behavior of pressure profile, load carrying capacity and squeeze film time in effect of Harmann number, couple stress parameter, slip velocity and permeability parameter. The results indicate that the influence of couple stresses and magnetic effects on the bearing characteristics are significantly apparent. It is concluded that fluids with couple stresses are better than Newtonian fluids. The improvement of the bearing characteristics is enhanced if the magnetic effects and slip velocity are present. But reverse effect due to upsurge of permeability parameter.

The impact of relaxation on isothermal acoustic traveling waves: A new solvable model based on Navier–Stokes–Maxwell theory

An analysis of isothermal acoustic traveling waves in a particular sub-class of Maxwell fluids, specifically, those which behave like perfect gases and wherein the shear viscosity is proportional to the square of the mass density, is presented. Exact solutions are derived and analyzed, shock thickness results are computed, and the thermodynamic consistency of the isothermal assumption is verified vis-à-vis the Mach number values considered. It is shown that, within the range where both yield dispersed shock profiles, the Maxwell case leads to significantly smaller shock thicknesses and more asymmetric solution profiles than those admitted by the corresponding Newtonian (fluid) case.

Laminar planar jets of elastoviscoplastic fluids

We perform numerical simulations of planar jets of elastoviscoplastic (EVP) fluid (Saramito (2007) model) at low Reynolds number. Three different configurations are considered: (i) EVP jet in EVP ambient fluid, (ii) EVP jet in Newtonian ambient fluid (miscible), and (iii) EVP jet in Newtonian ambient fluid (immiscible). We investigate the effect of the Bingham number, i.e. of the dimensionless yield stress of the EVP fluid, on the jet dynamics, and find a good agreement with the scaling for laminar, Newtonian jets for the centerline velocity uc/u0∝(x/h)−1/3 and for the jet thickness δmom/h∝(x/h)2/3 at small Bingham number. This is lost once substantial regions of the fluid become unyielded, where we find that the spreading rate of the jet and the decay rate of the centerline velocity increase with the Bingham number, due to the regions of unyielded fluid inducing a blockage effect on the jet. The most striking difference among the three configurations we considered is the extent and position of the regions of unyielded fluid: large portions of ambient and jet fluids (in particular, away from the inlet) are unyielded for the EVP jet in EVP ambient fluid, whereas for the other two configurations, the regions of unyielded fluid are limited to the jet, as expected. We derive a power law scaling for the centerline yield variable and confirm it with the results from our numerical simulations. The yield variable determines the transition from the viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid (yielded) to the viscoelastic Kelvin–Voigt material (unyielded).

Propulsion of a chiral swimmer in viscoelastic fluids

Microswimmers often use chirality to generate translational movement from rotation motion, exhibiting distinct behaviors in complex fluids compared to simple Newtonian fluids. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, we elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the distinct behaviors of microswimmers in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. We show that the enhanced speed of chiral swimmers is attributed to the Weissenberg effect induced by normal stress differences resulting from chiral flows. Additionally, we identify swimmer-specific normal stress differences in a viscoelastic fluid and demonstrate that swimming speed varies depending on whether the swimmer acts as a pusher or a puller. Moreover, we investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between a pair of chiral squirmers. When the squirmers are aligned parallel (perpendicular) to their swimming axis, they tend to separate (approach). These findings deepen our comprehension of the rheological properties of viscoelastic fluids containing microswimmers, promising advancements in various applications. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Inelastic fluid models with an objective stretch rate parameter

This paper presents an extension to the Generalized Newtonian Fluid (GNF) model, where the effects of different flow modes can be discerned. While existing GNF models have proven valuable in simulating processes like molding and extrusion, they often struggle to differentiate between distinct flow modes such as planar extension and simple shear. To address this challenge, we propose a modified GNF model that integrates an objective flow-type parameter, aiming to refine flow characterization. Emphasis is placed on defining the flow-type parameter to be able to transcend viscometric flows, remain frame-indifferent, quantify deformation magnitude, and differentiate between diverse flow modes. Inspired by the new advances in vortex identification in turbulent flow, we introduce a new stretch rate tensor and a new stretch rate parameter that are derived from the real Schur form of the objective velocity gradient tensor. These elements are embedded into the constitutive modeling of non-Newtonian fluid flow. The resulting model is employed to fit polymer melt data from the literature, demonstrating excellent fitting to combined shear and extension data. The basic model uses 5 to 6 parameters for data fitting, and further enhancement may be achieved by incorporating other extracted information of the stretch rate tensor.

Radiofrequency affects the decrystallization efficiency and physicochemical properties of rape honey via crystal structure modification and inactivating enzyme

Crystallization degrades the physicochemical properties of honey and reduces consumer acceptance. To address this issue, radiofrequency was developed to investigate the decrystallization efficiency and quality impact mechanism of rape honey. The results showed that radiofrequency significantly decreased the number and size of crystals, leading to shortening the decrystallization time to less than 10 min. The response surface optimization methodology further indicated that the highest decrystallization rate (98.72 ± 0.34 %) and lower 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2.45 ± 0.12 mg/kg) contents were obtained. Furthermore, radiofrequency changed the honey from a pseudoplastic into a Newtonian fluid efficiently due to the volumetric heating feature. It is worth noting that the inactivation of glucose oxidase reduced the antibacterial capacity, while the increase in total phenolic and flavonoid contents improved the antioxidant capacity of rape honey. In summary, current findings indicated that radiofrequency is a potential alternative decrystallization technology for water baths.

Nonlinear Electrophoresis of Microparticles in Shear Thinning Fluids.

The nonlinear electric field dependence of particle electrophoresis has been demonstrated to occur in Newtonian fluids for highly charged particles under large electric fields. It has also been predicted to arise from the rheological effects of non-Newtonian fluids even at small electric fields. We present in this work an experimental verification of nonlinear electrophoresis in shear thinning xanthan gum solutions through a straight rectangular microchannel. The addition of polymer into a Newtonian buffer solution is found to change the electric field dependence from linear to superlinear for electroosmotic, electrokinetic, and electrophoretic velocities. The nonlinear index of each of these electrokinetic phenomena increases with the increasing polymer or buffer concentration, among which electrophoresis exhibits the strongest nonlinearity. Both these observed trends are captured by a dimensionless electrokinetic shear thinning number that depends on the power-law index of fluid viscosity and the Debye length.

Extensional rheology of elastoviscous aqueous PEO/PEG or DMS Boger fluids and weakly elastic alternatives for investigating viscoelastic flows and instabilities

Boger fluids that exhibit a rate-independent shear viscosity (typically ∼ 1 Pa∙s = 1000x water viscosity) and elasticity measurable using torsional rheometers (modulus, relaxation time, or first normal stress difference) are considered as the realization of viscoelastic fluids described by the Oldroyd-B model. However, Boger fluids, conventionally formulated as dilute solutions of high molecular weight (Mw) polymers in relatively high viscosity solvents (or solutions of oligomers or lower Mw polymer), are unsuitable for emulating polymeric fluids used in coating formulations that are lower in viscosity, appear inelastic in torsional shear rheometry, and yet appear prone to viscoelastic instabilities. Therefore, Dontula, Macosko, and Scriven (DMS) (AIChE J, 1998) chose to create an alternative model of elastic fluids by dissolving ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMw) poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in an aqueous solution of its lower Mw analog, often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG. Even though numerous studies of printing and coating flow instabilities use this aqueous PEO/PEG or DMS Boger fluids as model viscoelastic fluids, only a few explicitly measured elastic properties, especially using relaxation time, and hardly any characterized extensional rheology. In this contribution, we recreate the DMS Boger fluids to examine their elasticity and extensional rheology response using dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry that relies on an analysis of capillarity-driven pinching dynamics. Though the aqueous PEG solution is often treated as a viscous and Newtonian solvent, we discover that in DoS rheometry, both the PEG solution and the DMS Boger fluid display power law response followed by elastocapillary, in contradiction with the assumptions and the response expected of the Oldroyd-B model. Furthermore, the solution of entangled PEG chains influences specific viscosity, pinching dynamics, and measured extensional rheology response in striking contrast with Newtonian solvents of the same viscosity. Lastly, we describe the possibility of using dilute, aqueous solutions of UHMw PEO as model viscoelastic fluids for coating flows, for both elasticity and extensional viscosity can be determined using DoS rheometry. Due to their water-like viscosity, the aqueous PEO solutions appeal as model fluids that have elasticity, emulate Newtonian fluids in the early stages of pinching, and have a relaxation time tunable by changing polymer Mw or concentration.

Ionic current rectification of non-Newtonian fluids in pH-regulated conical nanochannels

The ionic current rectification (ICR) phenomenon generated by the geometrically asymmetric properties of conical nanochannels has attracted much attention, but previous studies have mainly focused on Newtonian fluids and fixed surface charge densities. In this study, the ICR characteristics of pH-regulated conical nanochannels with non-Newtonian fluids are investigated by numerical simulations, and the effects of solution pH, power-law index, and electrolyte concentration on the ionic current, rectification ratio, axial potential, ionic conductivity, ionic concentration, surface charge density, and radial velocity at the channel tip are discussed. The rectification effect of shear-thinning fluids is significantly lower than that of Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids at high solution pH and electrolyte concentration. At pH = 8, the surface charge density increases only 8.7 times when the electrolyte concentration is increased from 1 mM from 1000 mM. When the electrolyte concentration is 1 mM, the surface charge density at pH = 9 increases almost 30 times compared to that at pH = 5.

Settlement of a Pile Foundation Considering Linear and Rheological Properties of Soils

Despite numerous studies of single piles and practical experience with their application, methods for calculating settlements of pile foundations remain limited. The existing objective need for specialized methods of pile foundation settlement calculation that take into account the rheological properties of the base soils is becoming more and more important, especially in the construction of unique objects in complex ground conditions. When predicting the stress–strain state of the pile–raft-surrounding soil mass system, it is allowed to consider not the entire pile foundation as a whole, but only a part of it—the computational cell. In the present work, we have solved the problems of determining the strains of the computational cell consisting of the pile, the raft and the surrounding soil according to the column pile scheme and hanging pile scheme, on the basis of the Kelvin–Voigt rheological model, which is a model of a viscoelastic body consisting of parallel connected elements: Hooke’s elastic spring and Newtonian fluid. According to our results, we obtained graphs of the dependence of strains of the computational cell on time at different pile spacing and different values of coefficients of viscosity of the surrounding soil, and a formula for calculating the reduced modulus of deformation of the pile. The results of the present study can significantly improve the accuracy of calculations during construction on clayey soils with pronounced rheological properties and, as a result, increase the reliability of pile structures in general.

Exploring tubular steady‐state laminar flow reactors with orthogonal collocation

AbstractThe laminar flow reactor (LFR) is one of the most comprehensive problems in chemical reaction engineering, as its modeling involves mass, heat, and momentum conservation equations coupled with chemical reaction rate equations. It is relatively easy to grasp its basic operation, but the solution of the problem is far from trivial. Although there are analytical solutions that simplify the problem, students and tutors must use efficient numerical strategies to appropriately solve some LFR problems. In the present investigation, we solve several different cases of two‐dimensional cylindrical LFR, beginning with the isothermal case, as a benchmark. Calculations were performed using the Chebyshev orthogonal collocation technique by custom scripts in Scilab, Mathematica©, and Matlab®, and were compared with solutions available from the ECRE Version of COMSOL®, which was used as the reference, as well as available analytical solutions in the literature. After analyzing the case of the isothermal LFR with Newtonian fluid, we explored non‐Newtonian fluids, including Carreau and Bingham fluids, whose LFR results are not available in the preceding literature. For Newtonian fluids, besides (a) the isothermal case, we also explore other three nonisothermal design cases: (b) cooling jacket with a fixed heat exchange coefficient at the wall, (c) adiabatic operation, (d) nonisothermal LFR with isothermal wall. Through a performance criterion, the different operation models are compared and we show that nonisothermal design cases perform better than the isothermal case. Computation times, for different scenarios, are quite short and taking 25 nodal points or more suffice for an accurate and timely solution of the more complex problem Case (b). The numerical modeling approach is useful from a pedagogical standpoint, as one can compare numerical results with classical assumptions, and progress from a more restrictive conceptual model (segregated flow) to an array of different kinds of operation with the LFR in which one needs to consider diffusion and temperature distribution.

UHT A2 milks marketed in Brazil: Physicochemical and electrical characterization, rheological behavior and fatty acid profile

UHT A2 Milk offers a consumption alternative for consumers experiencing intestinal discomfort from consuming dairy products. A2 milk, derived from cows with the A2A2 genotype, does not promote the formation of betacasomorphin-7 (BCM-7). However, little is known about the comprehensive composition of this product, as well as its impact on physicochemical and electrical parameters. This study aimed to investigate potential physicochemical and chemical differences between UHT milk with the A2 β-casein genotype and conventional milk without A2 certification, sourced from brands available in the Brazilian market. Therefore, the physicochemical parameters, rheological behavior, electrical impedance, and fatty acid composition were evaluated. The results indicated that A2 milk had higher density, fat, protein, and total solids content compared to UHT milk without A2 certification. Furthermore, it obtained a higher electrical impedance modulus and lower admittance within the analyzed frequency range (1 kHz a 5 MHz). The UHT milk samples showed Newtonian fluid behavior at both temperatures analyzed (10 and 25 °C). Furthermore, the type of UHT milk (with and without A2 certification) did not significantly influence the absolute viscosity of the samples (p > 0.05) across both commercial brands and temperature. Overall, both types of milk had the same composition of fatty acids, with palmitic acid being the major compound. However, C12:0 and C18:1 cis-7 were more abundant in A2 milk. In this sense, the analytical methods used in this study were able to identify differences in macromolecules and compounds within the lipid fraction in the samples investigated. These analytes are suggested as potential identity markers to evaluate the authenticity of UHT bovine containing only beta-casein of the A2 genotype in its composition.

Exploring shape and size variations significance in hybrid nanofluid flow via rotating porous channel

AbstractThe current study investigates the thermal performance characteristics of metallic (Cu) and non‐metallic (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), considering variations in their shapes and sizes. Specifically, analysis is conducted for four distinct stable shapes of NPs. A hybrid model is developed to analyze the influence of rotating porous walls on the system, particularly focusing on the impact of the permeable Reynolds number and NPs within a specific range of , in conjunction with a Newtonian fluid under the influence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs). Additionally, we examine the phenomena of expansion/contraction in heat and mass transfer enhancement with chemical reactions. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into nonlinear differential equations using the help of similarity transformation. A 4th‐order Runge–Kutta method (RK), coupled with the shooting technique, is employed as a mathematical strategy to numerically solve these nonlinear differential equations. Boosting the values of 𝐾𝑐𝑟 from 2 to 10 enhances the mass transfer rate between both porous channels. Higher values of 𝑅𝑒, 𝑀, and 𝑅 lead to increasing skin friction coefficients for both porous channels. Raising the values of both NP volume fractions ( from 1% to 5% results in enhanced heat transfer rates particularly for much better in platelet‐shaped NPs as compared to other shapes such as spherical, brick, and cylinder. Larger values of 𝛼, M, and Re cause the radial velocity profile to exhibit opposite behaviors in the middle of the wall and momentum boundary layer thickness.

Ab initio uncertainty quantification in scattering analysis of microscopy.

Estimating parameters from data is a fundamental problem in physics, customarily done by minimizing a loss function between a model and observed statistics. In scattering-based analysis, it is common to work in the reciprocal space. Researchers often employ their domain expertise to select a specific range of wave vectors for analysis, a choice that can vary depending on the specific case. We introduce another paradigm that defines a probabilistic generative model from the beginning of data processing and propagates the uncertainty for parameter estimation, termed the ab initio uncertainty quantification (AIUQ). As an illustrative example, we demonstrate this approach with differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) that extracts dynamical information through minimizing a loss function for the squared differences of the Fourier-transformed intensities, at a selected range of wave vectors. We first show that the conventional way of estimation in DDM is equivalent to fitting a temporal variogram in the reciprocal space using a latent factor model as the generative model. Then we derive the maximum marginal likelihood estimator, which optimally weighs the information at all wave vectors, therefore eliminating the need to select the range of wave vectors. Furthermore, we substantially reduce the computational cost of computing the likelihood function without approximation, by utilizing the generalized Schur algorithm for Toeplitz covariances. Simulated studies of a wide range of dynamical systems validate that the AIUQ method improves estimation accuracy and enables model selection with automated analysis. The utility of AIUQ is also demonstrated by three distinct sets of experiments: first in an isotropic Newtonian fluid, pushing limits of optically dense systems compared to multiple particle tracking; next in a system undergoing a sol-gel transition, automating the determination of gelling points and critical exponent; and lastly, in discerning anisotropic diffusive behavior of colloids in a liquid crystal. These studies demonstrate that the new approach does not require manually selecting the wave vector range and enables automated analysis.

Flow and heat transfer of non-miscible micropolar and Newtonian fluid in porous channel sandwiched between parallel plates

An analytical approach has been considered to inspect the flow and heat transfer of immiscible Newtonian and micropolar fluid in a porous medium. This study aims to elucidate the Darcy effect on the model in which isotropic porous regions with different permeability are used. The model of the current problem explains that the flow region is divided into two regions: Newtonian fluid flows in the upper layer, and micropolar fluid flows in the lower layer. Different constant temperatures imposed at boundary walls, heat transfer does not affect the pressure gradient. The governing equations are solved analytically by applying a linear differential equation (LDE). The effect of associated physical parameters such as material parameter, Darcy number, Eckert number, Prandtl number, and viscosity ratio on velocity, micro-rotation, heat transfer, flow rate, heat transfer rate, wall shear stress, and Nusselt number have been inspected. The most significant finding of this research work is that increasing the Darcy number signifies enhanced permeability, resulting in a higher flow rate. The heat transfer rate at the top occurs maximum when the material parameter’s range is minimum while raising the viscosity ratio leads to an increasing heat transfer rate at the bottom. Enhancement in material parameter influences Nusselt number and decreases in nature. The findings of our study are verified with the previously established results. The present work has a setup that is useful in petroleum extraction, transport problems in reservoir rock of an oil field, improving nutrient transport and thermal regulation in tissue engineering, and designing more efficient drug delivery systems and biomedical devices.

Magnus force reduction in a shear-thinning fluid

This study aims to investigate the impact of fluid shear-thinning on the Magnus forces acting on a rotating cylinder or a sphere immersed in an unbounded flow using direct numerical simulation. The Carreau model is employed to represent the shear-thinning fluid, with the considered Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 0.01 to 100, Carreau number (Cu) from 0 to 100, power-law index (n) from 0.1 to 1, and viscosity ratio (β) from 0.001 to 0.5. The rotation rate (α) is fixed at 6. A characteristic Reynolds number, Rec, based on a viscosity evaluated at the characteristic shear rate, γ˙α=αU∞/2a, is introduced. It is found that, at a constant Rec, compared to that in a Newtonian fluid, the Magnus force exerted on the rotating cylinder or sphere in the shear-thinning fluid is reduced. This reduction results from the difference in viscosity distribution between the upper and lower sides of the cylinder or sphere. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that the logarithmic reduction in the Magnus force coefficient can be expressed as a linear combination of the logarithm of the strain rate difference and the logarithm of the shear strain rate sensitive function at two limit states, Cu→0 or Cu→∞. This work may be helpful to deepen the understanding of complex rheological behavior encountered in swirling flow hydrodynamics.

Rheological impact of viscous fluid in the core region of heated curved pipe surrounded by Casson rheological fluid

The immiscible fluids can help design more efficient systems for drug delivery and understanding the blood flow through diseased arteries. It can also have implications for the design of flow control devices or medical implants that involve curved geometries. Therefore, the current article scrutinizes the characteristics of heat transfer on the flow of two immiscible Casson and Newtonian fluids through a curved pipe induced due to a pressure gradient in an axial direction. The pipe is divided into two distinct regions: namely, (i) Region 1 (core) is filled with Newtonian fluid while (ii) Region 2 (peripheral) is filled with non-Newtonian Casson fluid. The complex curvilinear coordinates called toroidal coordinates are used to form a mathematical model for the present problem. Equations governing the flow are considered without ignoring any curvature ratio terms and are solved analytically by considering the perturbation series. The continuity of velocities and shear stresses at the fluid-fluid interface is taken into account along with no-slip, symmetric, and regularity conditions while solving the two-fluid flow problem under consideration. The effect of various fluid parameters such as curvature ratio, Casson fluid parameter, Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, density ratio, Eckert number, and conductivity ratio on the axial velocity and temperature is studied through 2-dimensional graphs and contour plots. In addition, the volumetric flow rate and shear stress are also presented to evaluate the effects of various key parameters. The results show that the axial velocity of immiscible fluids flow increases with an increase in the values of the viscosity ratio parameter and the fluid temperature is decreased by increasing the conductivity ratio parameter.