Newspaper Databases Research Articles

The endurance of surfing in 19th-Century Hawai‘i

Conflicting reports of surfing’s near-demise in 19th-century Hawai‘i compel us to re-evaluate historical sources of information and look to recently-available newspaper databases to understand how surfing fared during a century of monumental change. I argue that while surfing remained suppressed by influential haole (non-Hawaiians, especially those of European origin) around the capital of Honolulu, areas outside of the capital, both on O‘ahu and on other Hawaiian islands, kept the cultural traditions alive. A review of primary sources indicates that the story of surfing’s demise was perpetuated by haole who had vested interests in furthering specific religious, economic and political agendas in the Hawaiian Islands and who were deeply committed to the colonial process. Three categories of newspaper articles in particular—missionary declamations against surfing, topical reports of Hawaiians riding waves, and reports of surf exhibitions staged for travellers—provide collective evidence that Native Hawaiians did not in fact abandon surfing but continued to practice their national pastime.

Trends of Media Coverage on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Japanese Newspapers.

A sensational newspaper article concerning a possible adverse reaction to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was published in March 2013 in Japan. In June 2013, the Japanese government suspended their proactive recommendation for vaccination, despite the lack of proof for a causal relationship. We searched Nikkei Telecom 21, the largest newspaper database in Japan, for articles published from January 2011 to December 2015 to evaluate the characteristics of newspaper publications about human papillomavirus vaccination. We identified 1138 HPV vaccine-related articles. Compared with those published before March 2013, articles concerning human papillomavirus vaccination after March 2013 were more likely to include adverse reaction-related and authority-related keywords; articles that included efficacy-related keywords decreased significantly. Negative-negative and negative-neutral articles became more frequent, and positive-positive and positive-neutral articles were less frequent. A sensational case report shaped the tone of negative media coverage as a catalyst, regardless of scientific statements from health authorities.

Newspaper Reports of Police and Military Murder-Suicide Incidents

This study examined the interaction of some contextual and personality factors that influenced policemen and soldiers to commit murder-suicides. Authoritarian personality theory framed the study. Jamaican newspaper databases were searched for murder-suicides committed by the security forces. Content analysis of the 11 news stories found revealed contextual factors such as gender – all perpetrators were males and nearly all the primary targets females; age – the perpetrators were older than all the primary targets; occupational status and job rank – the perpetrators were in higher status occupations or in higher job ranks than most primary targets; domestic situations – the perpetrators and the majority of targets were domestic partners. These authoritarian men believed in conventionalism, authoritarian submission and authoritarian aggression. They experienced relationship problems and challenges from partners including some who terminated the relationship. These stressors triggered 11 incidents that killed 26 persons (17 targets and nine perpetrators) and injured two others over 18 years.

DNA barcoding in the media: does coverage of cool science reflect its social context?

Paul Hebert and colleagues first described DNA barcoding in 2003, which led to international efforts to promote and coordinate its use. Since its inception, DNA barcoding has generated considerable media coverage. We analysed whether this coverage reflected both the scientific and social mandates of international barcoding organizations. We searched newspaper databases to identify 900 English-language articles from 2003 to 2013. Coverage of the science of DNA barcoding was highly positive but lacked context for key topics. Coverage omissions pose challenges for public understanding of the science and applications of DNA barcoding; these included coverage of governance structures and issues related to the sharing of genetic resources across national borders. Our analysis provided insight into how barcoding communication efforts have translated into media coverage; more targeted communication efforts may focus media attention on previously omitted, but important topics. Our analysis is timely as the DNA barcoding community works to establish the International Society for the Barcode of Life.

„Walliser off Gultüre“. Die Wanderungsbewegung der Walser und Galtür

This bachelor thesis focusses on the history of the Walser migration in general and the settlement of Galtür in particular, looking at the reasons why the Walser people left their homeland and at the conditions under which they established new settlements. In addition this paper tries to find out whether traces of the Walser people and their culture still exist, particularly on the example of Galtür. Does a commemorative culture in the centres of the Walser migration and settlement exist in today’s Galtür? Do people there identify themselves as Walsers? The research to answer these questions is based on literature, online newspaper databases and empirical data gathered from an interview with an elderly resident of Galtür.

Transvaginal mesh in the media following the 2011 US food and drug administration public health notification update.

Prompted by patients' changing perceptions of transvaginal mesh, this study examines how mesh has been reported in the news following the 2011 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) updated notification about the use of mesh in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Two national newspaper databases were queried for articles discussing transvaginal mesh published within 3 years of the FDA announcement. Content analysis included headline subjects, mesh-related complications, quoted sources, and the FDA recommendations. To determine whether more widely read sources publish higher quality reporting, a subgroup analysis was conducted based on newspaper circulation. Ninety-five articles met inclusion criteria. Mesh-related litigation was the most common headline subject (36 articles, 38%), and 54% of all articles referenced legal action. Fifty-seven articles (60%) cited at least one mesh-related complication. Only 18 articles (19%) quoted surgeons who use transvaginal mesh. For the FDA update, 40% of articles that first reported the announcement accurately specified that it applies to mesh for prolapse, not incontinence. This ambiguity persisted: half of all articles cited the warning, but only 23% distinguished between prolapse and incontinence. Higher newspaper circulation did not significantly improve the quality of reporting about the content or context of the FDA's recommendations. Despite frequent media coverage of transvaginal mesh and its complications since 2011, very few news sources that cited the FDA warning distinguished between prolapse and incontinence. Given prevalent reporting of mesh-related litigation, the findings raise concern about how patients perceive the safety and efficacy of transvaginal mesh, regardless of indication. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:329-332, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Copycat Suicide Induced by Entertainment Celebrity Suicides in South Korea.

ObjectiveThroughout the past several years, there have been a number of entertainment celebrity suicides in South Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the clustering of suicides following celebrities' suicides in South Korea from 2005 to 2008, particularly according to certain characteristics.MethodsSeven celebrity suicides were examined and defined using the Korean Integrated Newspaper Database System (KINDS) and from these, we considered four affected periods occurring 28 days after each celebrity's suicide. A Poisson time-series autoregression model was used to estimate the relative risk of the total suicide number for each affected period from 2005 to 2008. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether there were specific increases in the numbers of suicides in subgroups matching each celebrity.ResultsThere were significant increases in the risk of suicide during the affected periods. Remarkable increases were found in the subgroups matching each celebrity, especially in the group in which all factors (sex, age, and method) were similar.ConclusionThis study provides confirmation that a significant copycat effect was induced by these celebrities' suicides, especially among people who identified more with the celebrities. This implies that countermeasures for upright media coverage of celebrity suicides should be discussed and practiced properly in South Korea.

Study about ‘A suggestion for using substitute words instead of loanwords’ by NINJAL -Before Measurement investigation using newspaper database-

Study about ‘A suggestion for using substitute words instead of loanwords’ by NINJAL -Before Measurement investigation using newspaper database-

Proposal of a system for visualizing temporal changes in impressions from tweets

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a Web application system for visualizing Twitter users based on temporal changes in the impressions received from the tweets posted by the users on Twitter. Design/methodology/approach – The system collects a specified user’s tweets posted during a specified period using Twitter API, rates each tweet based on three distinct impressions using an impression mining system, and then generates pie and line charts to visualize results of the previous processing using Google Chart API. Findings – Because there are more news articles featuring somber topics than those featuring cheerful topics, the impression mining system, which uses impression lexicons created from a newspaper database, is considered to be more effective for analyzing negative tweets. Research limitations/implications – The system uses Twitter API to collect tweets from Twitter. This suggests that the system cannot collect tweets of the users who maintain private timelines. According to our ques...

Environmental health risk communication in the case "Terra dei Fuochi": content analysis of online newspaper articles.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the way in which information is conveyed by one of the major national newspapers, in its online version, Repubblica.it, about health risks associated with the "Terra dei Fuochi". A retrospective systematic search in the online newspaper database was carried out for articles published from 1st January through 13th May 2014. The keyword used was "Terra dei Fuochi". A corpus, containing all articles included, was built in order to perform content analysis and text-mining using the T-LAB software, together with a critical interpretation. The co-occurrence analysis was performed using the keywords: environment, prevention, waste , risk and science. A total of 211 articles were retrieved, but only 188 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The section of publication with the largest number of articles was represented by Repubblica Napoli edition with 50% of articles, whereas, only 2% of articles were included in the Environment section, and no article has been placed in the Health section. The most occurring lemmas were: waste, Naples, President, environmental - environment and health. Lemmas as disaster, drama, alarm and fear occur with medium frequency. Among the lemmas with less occurrence there were: remediation, cancer, people, information and recycle. However, terms as communication and risk management were absent. This study contributes to our understanding of how environmental health risks associated with the "Terra dei Fuochi" issue are presented by the newspapers to the public, which has implications for how the public may learn about risk management information.

Online health information - what the newspapers tell their readers: a systematic content analysis.

BackgroundThis study investigated the nature of newspaper reporting about online health information in the UK and US. Internet users frequently search for health information online, although the accuracy of the information retrieved varies greatly and can be misleading. Newspapers have the potential to influence public health behaviours, but information has been lacking in relation to how newspapers portray online health information to their readers.MethodsThe newspaper database Nexis®UK was searched for articles published from 2003 – 2012 relating to online health information. Systematic content analysis of articles published in the highest circulation newspapers in the UK and US was performed. A second researcher coded a 10% sample to establish inter-rater reliability of coding.ResultsIn total, 161 newspaper articles were included in the analysis. Publication was most frequent in 2003, 2008 and 2009, which coincided with global threats to public health. UK broadsheet newspapers were significantly more likely to cover online health information than UK tabloid newspapers (p = 0.04) and only one article was identified in US tabloid newspapers. Articles most frequently appeared in health sections. Among the 79 articles that linked online health information to specific diseases or health topics, diabetes was the most frequently mentioned disease, cancer the commonest group of diseases and sexual health the most frequent health topic. Articles portrayed benefits of obtaining online health information more frequently than risks. Quotations from health professionals portrayed mixed opinions regarding public access to online health information. 108 (67.1%) articles directed readers to specific health-related web sites. 135 (83.9%) articles were rated as having balanced judgement and 76 (47.2%) were judged as having excellent quality reporting. No difference was found in the quality of reporting between UK and US articles.ConclusionsNewspaper coverage of online health information was low during the 10-year period 2003 to 2012. Journalists tended to emphasise the benefits and understate the risks of online health information and the quality of reporting varied considerably. Newspapers directed readers to sources of online health information during global epidemics although, as most articles appeared in the health sections of broadsheet newspapers, coverage was limited to a relatively small readership.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1316) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Relative Clauses of Reason in British and American English

This article presents a corpus-based study of relative clauses involving the head noun reason and the competing relativizers why, that, and zero. The analyses focus on specific constellations of antecedent expressions (e.g., the reason) and subject types in the relative clause (e.g., personal pronouns). In an extensive newspaper database, American English is found to display with every single combination a lower aggregate proportion of the formally marked relativizers than British English. Additional historical explorations leave no doubt that explicit relative clause marking has lost ground over the last few centuries and that American English has been leading this development for at least 150 years. In both British and American English, and in line with the Complexity Principle, the complexity contrasts associated with different choices of antecedent expressions and relative clause subject types are shown to be matched by corresponding contrasts in terms of grammatical explicitness, with the most complex environments favoring why or that and the least complex leaning toward the zero variant.

Cartoons in the Classroom: Using Digitized Political Caricatures to Teach Migration and Ethnicity

POLITICAL CARTOONS are great teaching tools. They are abundant; there are plenty scattered across the Internet. They are provocative; they present strong opinions on emotive subjects. They are accessible; students enjoy decoding their hidden messages. I teach history at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). In the Fall 2012 semester, I was given the unique opportunity to teach a freshman seminar of my own design entitled “Great Migrations in Modern Human History.” Feeling brave, I decided to do something different that semester: to integrate digitized political cartoons—freely available on the Internet— into our study of migration. I had done my own research on caricatures in the Irish American weekly press but struggled with how to successfully incorporate the medium into a course designed for freshmen. In the end, I decided to give the students free rein. Over the course of the semester, they selected, researched, and analyzed any cartoon on the subject of immigration published before 1925. On the last day of classes, they presented their findings to the university community at a poster session on the ground floor of our main university library. I had privately predicted that the students and I would enjoy working with cartoons, but by the end of the semester, I realized that these digital resources had enhanced our course in four important ways. Digitized cartoons (and the electronic databases of newspapers the students used to research them) fostered an intellectual environment where active, rather than passive, learning took precedence and where the students honed a wide range of research skills. Working with these cartoons also encouraged the students to understand the transnational dimensions of American history while inviting them to reconsider the complexities of the current immigration debate in their own lives. As such, digitized cartoons uniquely enhanced our study of migration and ethnicity. Its diversity renders the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, a great place to teach migration. Beyond the wide range of over two hundred undergraduate,

MP63-02 MEDIA COVERAGE ANALYSIS OF THE UPDATED USPSTF AND AUA PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Detection & Screening III1 Apr 2014MP63-02 MEDIA COVERAGE ANALYSIS OF THE UPDATED USPSTF AND AUA PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES Kevin Koo and Ronald Yap Kevin KooKevin Koo More articles by this author and Ronald YapRonald Yap More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1939AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Recent changes to prostate cancer screening guidelines by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Urological Association (AUA) gained national media attention. This study investigates coverage of 3 news events: preliminary USPSTF guidelines (October, 2011); final USPSTF guidelines (May, 2012); and updated AUA guidelines (May, 2013). METHODS The LexisNexis and ProQuest newspaper databases were queried for English-language articles containing the words "prostate" and "PSA" published in U.S. newspapers within 30 days of each news event. Opinion pieces, duplicated entries, and articles not primarily about the guidelines were excluded. A content analysis was performed by coding articles using a standardized abstraction instrument for the following themes: consequences of screening; specific studies or evidence; accuracy of guideline description; costs; financial impact; and references to current AUA guidelines. Headline bias and the types of quoted sources were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata. RESULTS Of 92 unique articles retrieved, 45 met inclusion criteria. 24 articles were about the 2011 USPSTF preliminary guidelines, 17 about the 2012 final guidelines, and 4 about the 2013 AUA guidelines. Mean number of sources per article was 3.6 (SD=1.8). The most frequently interviewed sources were physicians (89% of articles), followed by USPSTF members (49%), non-profit leaders (47%), and patients or patient advocates (31%). 36 articles (76%) quoted at least one urologist. Over 80% of articles discussed potential adverse consequences of screening, but fewer than half accurately summarized the new guidelines or the scientific evidence behind them. Significantly more articles in 2012 versus 2011 mentioned test-related costs, cited urologists' financial gains from screening, or had headlines opposing testing (p<0.05). Of articles that cited the AUA's initial opposition to USPSTF recommendations, only 29% described AUA guidelines in any form. CONCLUSIONS Both USPSTF announcements on prostate cancer screening were more extensively covered by media outlets than the updated AUA guidelines. While urologists were commonly interviewed as sources, articles frequently emphasized the negative aspects of screening, rather than reviewing nuances of the guidelines or current evidence. This study adds to our understanding of the media's influence in shaping patient perception and public discourse on men's health issues. © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 4SApril 2014Page: e709 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014MetricsAuthor Information Kevin Koo More articles by this author Ronald Yap More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Quantitative exponential modelling of copycat suicides: association with mass media effect in South Korea

There is ample evidence media reporting of celebrity suicides increases copycat suicides. This study had three aims: (a) to quantitatively examine copycat suicides with exponential modelling that predicts the copycat suicide effect of South Korean celebrity suicides; (b) to investigate the association between media effect and subsequent suicides following celebrity deaths; and (c) to investigate the extent in which media influences the increase and rate of decline of copycat suicides following a celebrity suicide. All suicides during 1991-2010 in South Korea were included in this study utilising a nationwide database. Fifteen celebrities were selected based on the frequency of media reports following 1 week after their suicide. The media effect was obtained through the Korean Integrated Newspaper Database System. Exponential curve fits and correlation analyses investigated the quantitative effect of copycat suicides. After controlling for baseline number of average suicides, there was a marked increase in the number of suicides following each celebrity suicides, which followed an exponential model. There was a significant correlation between the total number of copycat suicides and number of media following the celebrity suicide (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). There were weak-to-moderate correlations between the amplitude of increase in suicides (r = 0.45, p = 0.09) and rate of decline (r = 0.38, p = 0.16) with the total number of media coverage. Copycat suicides following celebrity suicides follow exponential modelling. Additionally, there is a strong media effect between the number of media reports following the days after celebrity suicides and subsequent copycat suicides. This may also be associated with the amplitude and rate of decline of copycat suicides. This suggests that improving media reporting and implementing preventative interventions for vulnerable populations may be important.

Illusionary Order: Online Databases, Optical Character Recognition, and Canadian History, 1997–2010

Abstract: It all seems so orderly and comprehensive. Instead of firing up the microfilm reader to navigate the Globe and Mail or the Toronto Star, one needs only to log into online newspaper databases. A keyword search, for a particular event, person, or cultural phenomenon, brings up a list of research findings. Previously impossible research projects can now be attempted. This process has fundamentally reshaped Canadian historical scholarship. We can see this in Canadian history dissertations. In 1998, a year with 67 dissertations, the Toronto Star was cited 74 times. However it was cited 753 times in 2010, a year with 69 dissertations. Similar data appears in the Canadian Historical Review (CHR), a prestigious peer-reviewed journal. Databases are skewing our research. We are witnessing the application of commercial Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology – originally and primarily designed for the efficient digitization of large reams of corporate and legal documents, conventionally formatted – to historical sources. The results are, unsurprisingly, a mixed bag. In this article, I make two arguments. Firstly, online historical databases have profoundly shaped Canadian historiography. In a shift that is rarely – if ever – made explicit, Canadian historians have profoundly reacted to the availability of online databases. Secondly, historians need to understand how OCR works, in order to bring a level of methodological rigor to their work that use these sources.

What the newspapers say about medication adherence: a content analysis

BackgroundThis study investigates the coverage of adherence to medicine by the UK and US newsprint media. Adherence to medicine is recognised as an important issue facing healthcare professionals and the newsprint media is a key source of health information, however, little is known about newspaper coverage of medication adherence.MethodsA search of the newspaper database Nexis®UK from 2004–2011 was performed. Content analysis of newspaper articles which referenced medication adherence from the twelve highest circulating UK and US daily newspapers and their Sunday equivalents was carried out. A second researcher coded a 15% sample of newspaper articles to establish the inter-rater reliability of coding.ResultsSearches of newspaper coverage of medication adherence in the UK and US yielded 181 relevant articles for each country. There was a large increase in the number of scientific articles on medication adherence in PubMed® over the study period, however, this was not reflected in the frequency of newspaper articles published on medication adherence. UK newspaper articles were significantly more likely to report the benefits of adherence (p = 0.005), whereas US newspaper articles were significantly more likely to report adherence issues in the elderly population (p = 0.004) and adherence associated with diseases of the central nervous system (p = 0.046). The most commonly reported barriers to adherence were patient factors e.g. poor memory, beliefs and age, whereas, the most commonly reported facilitators to adherence were medication factors including simplified regimens, shorter treatment duration and combination tablets. HIV/AIDS was the single most frequently cited disease (reported in 20% of newspaper articles). Poor quality reporting of medication adherence was identified in 62% of newspaper articles.ConclusionAdherence is not well covered in the newspaper media despite a significant presence in the medical literature. The mass media have the potential to help educate and shape the public’s knowledge regarding the importance of medication adherence; this potential is not being realised at present.

Behavioral patterns of domestic terrorist groups in Japan

This study examined the behavioral patterns of Japanese extremist groups, based on 377 terror incidents that occurred in Japan between 1990 and 2010. These incidents included bombings, rocket attacks, hostage taking, and vehicle assaults. Information was drawn primarily from on-line newspaper databases. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed using five categories: extremist group identity, time of attack, target of attack, attack strategy, and method of claiming responsibility. Extremist group characteristics varied along two dimensions: the interaction level between terrorist and victim, and the indiscriminate level of use of force. We categorized multiple far-left, far-right, and religious extremist groups based on these two dimensions. Our findings may help prevent terror attacks, and help identify the group responsible for a given incident. Language: ja

Athletic, but ambivalent, and in brief: Canadian newspaper coverage of sledge hockey prior to Vancouver 2010

This study analyses the media coverage of sledge hockey in Canadian newspapers prior to the Vancouver Paralympics. Articles on sledge hockey over a period of 10 years were identified through a search of a full-text newspaper database. Quantitatively, there was little coverage (562 articles over the time frame), and very few had depth (63). The overall thematic structure of sledge hockey coverage could be characterized as ‘athletic, yet ambivalent’. The physicality of the game and players' athleticism were highlighted, but there was a heavy explanatory frame, meaning the differences from ‘mainstream’ hockey were stressed. Further, there was some evidence of the supercrip discourse, with attendant aspects of focusing on the disability and the athlete's struggle against it, rather than focusing on the sporting elements. Considering this, the coverage of sledge hockey at the Vancouver 2010 Paralympics can really be considered a precedent in certain ways.

PM.50 Maternity Services in the Irish Mass Media: An Analysis of Media Content from 2007–2012

The mass media play a key role in informing the public about matters of public interest and, critically, in the actual shaping of public opinion about those matters. With this...