News Sources Research Articles

Implementation of the Energy Justice Concept in Strategies and Projects of Foreign Energy Companies

Introduction. The given article examines the challenges of ensuring energy justice in business models of energy companies. It identifies ways in which organizations and businesses providing energy services locally, regionally and internationally can successfully integrate social justice values into business strategies, ensuring that their operations are aligned with the principles of equitable provision of energy services.Materials and methods. Materials used for the given research include foreign and Russian studies on energy justice issues, statistical data and news sources from the world media. The methodological basis consists of such scientific methods as qualitative and quantitative analysis, synthesis, comparative research and statistical analysis.Results of the study. Analysis of the activities of foreign energy companies suggests that energy justice is a highly effective “tool” not only from the point of view of conceptualizing the theoretical idea of an energy just world and effectively analyzing a wide range of energy-related issues, but can also be considered as a valuable contribution to the actual process of developing energy policy and a framework for assessing the sustainability of energy-related projects and initiatives. The concept of a public interest company based on the principles of energy and social justice can be defined as a set of guidelines aimed at transforming existing business practices to ensure that these practices are consistent with the principles of energy justice.Discussion and conclusions. The given re­search revealed that the degree of adherence to energy justice principles determines whether certain business practices or specific projects are consistent with its paradigm. At the same time, as evidenced by available scientific research on this issue, commercial activity and the creation of social and environmental values are not internally contradictory concepts. On the contrary, energy justice guidelines and aspects can be successfully integrated into various business models at local, subnational, regional and global levels.

The Impact of Civilians Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) on Post-Conflict Security in South Sudan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the significance of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) interventions in post-conflict rehabilitation, specifically focusing on their role in ensuring sustainable peace and security sector reforms in South Sudan.
 Methodology: This study employed a comprehensive approach to evaluate the impact of DDR programs in South Sudan. It involved a critical review of academic literature, reports, mitigation programs, and credible news sources from reputable organizations to assess the effectiveness of DDR initiatives in promoting long-term peace and stability.
 Findings: The findings underscored the crucial function of DDR programs in post-conflict security within South Sudan. They highlighted the positive effects of DDR interventions in fostering reconciliation, curbing arms proliferation, and facilitating the successful reintegration of former combatants into society.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study will contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical implementation by emphasizing the indispensable role of consistent international support for DDR initiatives in fragile post-conflict environments like South Sudan. It recommended continued investment in DDR programs to sustain peace-building efforts and enhance security sector reforms in the region.

Mass media and social networks in the modern politics of Kazakhstan

Relevance. Kazakhstan has recently joined the group of countries affected by the concept of "networked social movements". Since 2013, many blogs have started to appear on YouTube and Facebook. Using social networks blogs, political activists have begun to voice their discontent and question the legitimacy of the political regime that has emerged since independence in 1990. While social movements and controversial politics are integral to political systems, autocratic regimes are inherently opposed to controversial collective action because they contribute to the destruction of such regimes. Purpose. The goal of such regimes is to retain power as long as possible. The Internet provides new channels for citizens' voices, minority perspectives and political mobilisation. Methodology. Blogs, online forums, Facebook, and Twitter are already providing citizens with a new form of the public sphere and an alternative source of news and information, which is seen as a new platform for exchanging news. Data from blogs and print media were taken, which reported on the worst civil conflict in the post-Soviet history of Kazakhstan. Consequently, many information sources supported the government's claims. Results. This example demonstrates both the importance of an active online community in Kazakhstan and the government's understanding of the importance of online interaction with its citizens. What can be learned from the Zhanaozen case about the role of social networks on the Internet in political transformation in Kazakhstan? What role does the government of Kazakhstan play in combating political dissent through cyberspace? Conclusions. This study will contribute to a better understanding of current political processes in Kazakhstan and demonstrate the link between the increased use of social networks on the Internet and political activism in Kazakhstan.

Intermedia Attribute Agenda Setting Between the U.S. Mainstream Newspapers and Twitter: A Two-Study Analysis of the Paradigm and Driving Forces of the Agenda Flow

Performing two studies, we explore the intermedia attribute agenda-setting effects between the U.S. mainstream newspapers and Twitter. Leveraging computational methodologies, Study 1 analyzes 3,541 newspaper articles and over 1.06 million tweets about the 2020 Black Lives Matter movement, illustrating asymmetrical reciprocity of substantive attributes and mutual independency of affective attributes between both outlets. Study 2 performs in-depth interviews with 16 American journalists, showing that journalists increasingly see Twitter as a news source hub, a self-promotion platform, and a prism of distorted public sentiments. The juxtaposition of both studies revealed the paradigm and driving forces of the intermedia agenda flow.

The flashbulb-like nature of memory for the first COVID-19 case and the impact of the emergency. A cross-national survey

ABSTRACT Flashbulb memories (FBMs) refer to vivid and long-lasting autobiographical memories for the circumstances in which people learned of a shocking and consequential public event. A cross-national study across eleven countries aimed to investigate FBM formation following the first COVID-19 case news in each country and test the effect of pandemic-related variables on FBM. Participants had detailed memories of the date and others present when they heard the news, and had partially detailed memories of the place, activity, and news source. China had the highest FBM specificity. All countries considered the COVID-19 emergency as highly significant at both the individual and global level. The Classification and Regression Tree Analysis revealed that FBM specificity might be influenced by participants’ age, subjective severity (assessment of COVID-19 impact in each country and relative to others), residing in an area with stringent COVID-19 protection measures, and expecting the pandemic effects. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated that age and subjective severity negatively predicted FBM specificity, whereas sex, pandemic impact expectedness, and rehearsal showed positive associations in the total sample. Subjective severity negatively affected FBM specificity in Turkey, whereas pandemic impact expectedness positively influenced FBM specificity in China and negatively in Denmark.

Journalism and social-political conflict in contemporary society

This study delves into the intricate dynamics between journalism and contemporary social-political conflicts. It aims to comprehend the challenges journalists face when reporting on such conflicts, encompassing physical risks in conflict zones, ethical dilemmas arising from portraying sensitive issues, and economic pressures influencing media coverage decisions. Grounded in the theoretical framework of Peace Journalism, the study adopts principles emphasizing accuracy, fairness, and the promotion of dialogue over sensationalism. Utilizing the descriptive research method, the study consults and analyzes relevant literatures, documents, and records to interrogate media ethics and power in multicultural Nigeria. Findings reveal challenges in conflict reporting, including threats to physical safety, ethical quandaries, and economic constraints shaping narratives. Social-political conflicts trigger shifts in the media landscape, influencing news consumption patterns, contributing to media polarization, and fostering the rise of citizen journalism facilitated by social media platforms. Hence, the study offers a set of recommendations to address identified challenges. These encompass safeguarding press freedom, implementing media literacy programs, providing comprehensive journalist training and support, diversifying news sources, establishing ethical reporting guidelines, promoting peace journalism initiatives, fostering international collaboration, launching public awareness campaigns, investing in conflict reporting, and advocating for ongoing research and continuous monitoring.

A review of the shares of the central bank from its creation up to the second world war

Purpose - The aim of this study is to observe the movements of the shares of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey during the foundation period and to estimate the events under the influence of these movements. An independent central bank is very important for countries to operate an independent monetary policy. In Turkey, the emphasis on "national banking" first came to the fore at the Izmir Economic Congress, and attempts were made to establish a central bank in 1927. In 1931, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey began its official activities. This was the most important step towards achieving economic independence in the Republic of Turkey and preserving the value of the Turkish Lira. This study examines the performance of central bank stocks over this period. Methodology-The data set consists of 1674 observations including daily closing prices for the period 04.01.1934-31.12.1939. The data were obtained from the La Bourse newspaper and the Cumhuriyet newspaper archive was used as a news source. First, the breaks in stock prices over this period are analysed using the Bai-perron test. The Eviews 12 program was used for this purpose. The second step is to examine whether there is a day-of-week effect in stock prices over the period in question. For this purpose, returns were calculated. The non-parametric Man-Whitney U test in SPSS 15 was used to test whether there was a significant difference between these returns on a daily basis. Findings- The results of the Bai-Perron structural break test showed that two breaks occurred on 01/08/1936 and 06/07/1938. Short and long-term increases in the value of the Central Bank shares were observed on these dates, which coincided with the achievement of the Montreux Convention and the victory of the National Army in Hatay. Moreover, these dates indicate risks associated with global conflict. During the second step, the compound return for share prices in the period of 1934-1939 was calculated, revealing the absence of any day-of-week effect. In other words, the results of the Man-Whitney U test show that there is no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion- The Montreux Convention and the independence of Hatay, achieved during this period, had a positive impact on the stock, as the findings suggest. Furthermore, global war risks had a positive impact on the bank's shares. These results can be explained by the fact that the higher the risk, the more confidence is placed in the "national" bank. Finally, the shares of the Central Bank, symbolising the economic independence of the newly established Republic of Turkey, are relatively less sensitive and have low anomalies. This result is in line with expectations, given that financial markets are still underdeveloped. Keywords: Turkiye, banking, national banking, central bank. JEL Codes: B41, E58, G21.

An Emotion-Aware Multitask Approach to Fake News and Rumor Detection Using Transfer Learning

Social networking sites, blogs, and online articles are instant sources of news for internet users globally. However, in the absence of strict regulations mandating the genuineness of every text on social media, it is probable that some of these texts are fake news or rumors. Their deceptive nature and ability to propagate instantly can have an adverse effect on society. This necessitates the need for more effective detection of fake news and rumors on the web. In this work, we annotate four fake news detection (EFN) and rumor detection datasets with their emotion class labels using transfer learning. We show the correlation between the legitimacy of a text with its intrinsic emotion for fake news and rumor detection, and prove that even within the same emotion class, fake and real news are often represented differently, which can be used for improved feature extraction. Based on this, we propose a multitask framework for fake news and rumor detection, predicting both the emotion and legitimacy of the text. We train a variety of deep learning models in single-task (STL) and multitask settings for a more comprehensive comparison. We further analyze the performance of our multitask approach for EFN in cross-domain settings to verify its efficacy for better generalization across datasets, and to verify that emotions act as a domain-independent feature. Experimental results verify that our multitask models consistently outperform their STL counterparts in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, both for in-domain and cross-domain settings. We also qualitatively analyze the difference in performance in STL and multitask learning (MTL) models.

Semantic Networks of Election Fraud: Comparing the Twitter Discourses of the U.S. and Korean Presidential Elections

Traditional news outlets, such as newspapers and television, are no longer major sources of news. These media channels have been replaced by social platforms, which have increased in value as information distributors. This change in communication is an underlying reason for the election fraud controversies that occurred in the United States and South Korea, which hold high standards of democracy, during similar periods. This study investigates a model for sharing political disputes over social networks, especially Twitter, and illustrates the influence of political polarization. This study examines Twitter content around the presidential elections in the United States and South Korea in 2020 and 2022, respectively. It applies semantic network analysis and structural topic modeling to describe and compare the dynamics of online discourse on the issue of election fraud. The results show that online spaces such as Twitter serve as public spheres for discussion among active political participants. Social networks are key settings for forming and spreading election fraud controversies in the United States and South Korea, with differences in content. In addition, the study applies large-volume text data and new analytical methods such as the structural topic model to examine the in-depth relationships among political issues in cyberspace.

Pengaruh Media Sosial Instagram Terhadap Kewaspadaan Masyarakat

Over the years, Depok has been negatively portrayed by its many social problems. Undoubtedly, this social problem must be anticipated as a warning to the community. Instagram is a type of social media that has the ability to increase public awareness through the dissemination of content. The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the social media account Instagram @depok24jam has on people's awareness in Depok City. The design of this study used a quantitative method by collecting data using an online questionnaire (G-Form) on 100 sample respondents following the Instagram account @Depok24Jam. Data were analyzed using the Simple Linear Regression Analysis technique with descriptive testing, validity, reliability, normality, linearity and linear regression lines. The results and conclusions of the study found that Social Media Instagram @depok24jam had a significant influence on Community Alertness with a Sig value. 0.000 <0.05 and Tcount > Ttable 8.436 > 1.661. Researchers provide advice to the Instagram account @depok24jam, any content uploaded by the @depok24jam account is based on verifiable facts and comes from trusted news sources. Avoid spreading false or unverified information, as this can undermine the credibility of the account. And try to be the leading source of information in the Depok area.

How TikTok is being used to talk about abortion post-Roe: A content analysis of the most liked abortion TikToks

ObjectivesAccess to information about abortion is essential for ensuring reproductive autonomy, particularly post-Roe. TikTok, a popular video-sharing application, may be a source of information about abortion, yet little is known about the tone and content of such videos. To fill this gap, we analyze the most liked abortion videos on TikTok three months following the U.S. Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. Study designWe downloaded the top 200 most liked, publicly available TikTok videos when searching “abortion” on September 26, 2022 and recorded and summarized key video characteristics. We then qualitatively analyzed for content, tone, and common themes. ResultsThe top 200 most liked TikTok videos collectively had approximately 164 million likes, nearly 10 million shares, and 4 million comments. Most videos expressed support for abortion and presented information that was political or personal in nature. Only two videos contained health information about obtaining or completing an abortion, and only five videos featured or were created by a medical provider. ConclusionsFindings reveal the far reach of TikTok, which underscores the importance of analyzing online sources of information about abortion. However, our mixed-methods analysis indicates that the most liked TikToks are a source of abortion news, political opinion, personal stories, and debate rather than a source of health information for abortion seekers. ImplicationsOur analysis finds that the top 200 most liked TikTok videos three months post-Dobbs are primarily political in nature. Relatively few videos provided practical information about accessing abortion care, presenting an opportunity for healthcare providers, public health advocates, and activists to improve access and awareness of new pathways to care. The most popular TikTok videos appear to disseminate news and political information rather than health information about abortion.

The Impact of Fake News and Misinformation on Political Communication and Civic Engagement in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to the impact of fake news and misinformation on political communication and civic engagement in Nigeria
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Fake news and misinformation have a significant impact on political communication and civic engagement in Nigeria. They hinder informed decision-making, fuel political polarization, and erode public trust in institutions. These issues also contribute to the spread of rumors and conspiracy theories, undermining the credibility of accurate news sources. Furthermore, fake news is used for political manipulation and inciting violence in the country. Addressing this problem requires a comprehensive approach, including media literacy programs, fact-checking efforts, and legislative measures to combat the dissemination of false information.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Agenda-setting theory, selective exposure theory & social identity theory may be used to anchor future studies on impact of fake news and misinformation on political communication and civic engagement in Nigeria. Proactively develop crisis communication plans tailored to Kenya's unique challenges, such as natural disasters or political instability. Align crisis communication practices with Kenya's legal and regulatory framework, including data protection and media laws.

Polarization and reliability of news sources in Wikipedia

PurposeWikipedia's inclusive editorial policy permits unrestricted participation, enabling individuals to contribute and disseminate their expertise while drawing upon a multitude of external sources. News media outlets constitute nearly one-third of all citations within Wikipedia. However, embracing such a radically open approach also poses the challenge of the potential introduction of biased content or viewpoints into Wikipedia. The authors conduct an investigation into the integrity of knowledge within Wikipedia, focusing on the dimensions of source political polarization and trustworthiness. Specifically, the authors delve into the conceivable presence of political polarization within the news media citations on Wikipedia, identify the factors that may influence such polarization within the Wikipedia ecosystem and scrutinize the correlation between political polarization in news media sources and the factual reliability of Wikipedia's content.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a descriptive and regression analysis, relying on Wikipedia Citations, a large-scale open dataset of nearly 30 million citations from English Wikipedia. Additionally, this dataset has been augmented with information obtained from the Media Bias Monitor (MBM) and the Media Bias Fact Check (MBFC).FindingsThe authors find a moderate yet significant liberal bias in the choice of news media sources across Wikipedia. Furthermore, the authors show that this effect persists when accounting for the factual reliability of the news media.Originality/valueThe results contribute to Wikipedia’s knowledge integrity agenda in suggesting that a systematic effort would help to better map potential biases in Wikipedia and find means to strengthen its neutral point of view policy.

Using Social Media to Identify the Effects of Congressional Viewpoints on Asset Prices

Abstract We use a high-frequency identification approach to document that individual politicians affect asset prices. We exploit the regular flow of viewpoints contained in Congress members’ tweets. Supportive (critical) tweets increase (decrease) the stock prices of the targeted firm and the corresponding industry in minutes around the tweet. The bulk of the stock price effects is concentrated in the tweets revealing news about future legislative action. The effects are amplified around committee meeting days, especially when the tweet originates from committee members and influential politicians. Overall, we show that Congress members’ social media accounts are an important source of political news.

The Murky Waters: Climate Change, Migration, and the Evolving Threat of Crime in Nigeria

This paper delves into the multifaceted relationship between climate change and crime in Nigeria, exploring whether climate-related phenomena influence crime rates. Leveraging secondary data from academic and news sources, the study finds evidence that temperature increases, a key facet of climate change, significantly impact specific crime types. Notably, homicides, robberies, herder-farmer conflicts, and burglaries exhibit a positive correlation with rising temperatures. The analysis draws upon the ecological theory of crime, emphasizing how environmental transformations shape crime patterns. Recognizing the potential burden of climate-driven crime, the study recommends incorporating climate change mitigation strategies within Nigeria's criminal justice system and broader policy landscape. This proactive approach offers the potential to not only combat environmental challenges but also mitigate the associated rise in criminal activity.

The role of affective and cognitive involvement in the mitigating effects of AI source cues on hostile media bias

With an experimental design, this study examined the effect of source cues (Human vs. AI) on hostile media bias through heuristic machine evaluation of machine and human social media profiles. This study also explored the effects of affective and cognitive involvement as moderators along with media source-self ideological incongruity (source incongruity). A 2 (human vs. AI) x 3 (CNN vs. USA Today vs. Fox News) experimental study was conducted (n = 434). Participants exhibited less hostile media bias when presented with a news story with AI source cues through heuristic machine evaluation. The mitigating effect was stronger for those viewing news from an incongruent news source. Such moderated mediated effect was further moderated by two types of involvement (i.e., affective and cognitive). Implications for future research surrounding the two types of involvement, source incongruity, machine heuristic evaluations, and hostile media bias are discussed in light of our findings.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Articles from The Washington Post and Jutarnji list Reporting on the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of our lives and become the topic of scientific research in various fields. This paper analyses selected newspaper articles from The Washington Post and Jutarnji list, published from February to May of 2020, based on Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework of three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. At the description level, pandemic-related vocabulary is analysed; at the interpretation level, newspaper discourse is analysed from the perspective of news sources and modes of discourse representation; and at the explanation level the discourse is analysed from the standpoints of the institutional and societal contexts. Analysis revealed a striking difference between The Washington Post and Jutarnji list in the total number of pandemic-related words. There are 315 pandemic-related words in The Washington Post and 707 in Jutarnji list. Furthermore, in The Washington Post, the focus is on the dangerous aspects of the pandemic, while Jutarnji list focuses on certain neutral aspects of the pandemic. At the interpretation level, the results show that Jutarnji list used a higher percentage of specified news sources. There are no major differences in the usage of modes of discourse representation. The differences in certain aspects of newspaper discourse at the explanation level reflect a range of ideological differences between the two countries.

How crowd accidents are reported in the news media: Lexical and sentiment analysis

The portrayal of crowd accidents by the media can influence public understanding and emotional response, shaping societal perceptions and potentially impacting safety measures and preparedness strategies. This paper critically examines the portrayal of crowd accidents in news coverage by analyzing the texts of 372 media reports of crowd accidents spanning 26 diverse news sources from 1900 to 2019. We investigate how media representations of crowd accidents vary across time and geographical origins. Our methodology combines lexical analysis to unveil prevailing terminologies and sentiment analysis to discern the emotional tenor of the reports. The findings reveal the prevalence of the term “stampede” over “panic” in media descriptions of crowd accidents. Notably, divergent patterns are observable when comparing Western versus South Asian media (notably India and Pakistan), unveiling a cross-cultural dimension. Moreover, the analysis detects a gradual transition from “crowd stampede” to “crowd crush” in media and Wikipedia narratives in very recent years, suggesting evolving lexical sensitivities. Sentiment analysis uncovers a consistent association with fear-related language, indicative of media’s propensity toward sensationalism. This fear-infused narrative has intensified over time. The study underscores the potential impact of language and sentiment in shaping public perspectives on crowd accidents, revealing a pressing need for responsible and balanced reporting that moves beyond sensationalism and promotes a nuanced understanding. This will be crucial for increasing public awareness and preparedness against such accidents.

Social Media as Commodifier or Homogenizer? Journalists’ Social Media Use in Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures and Its Implications for Epistemologies of News Production

This study seeks to address two research needs in journalism studies. First, there is a need for research that situates political reporters’ social media engagement as part of a broader investigation into journalistic epistemology, or what it means for these reporters to produce and validate information as authorized “knowers.” Second, there is a need for cross-national comparative research that looks beyond Western contexts alone and does so using the strengths of qualitative research methods. This study thus explores the use of social media by political reporters in the United States and South Korea. Through interviews with 35 journalists, we show that social media practices create a different sense of knowing, which operates according to a work atmosphere that is culturally conditioned. We find that U.S. journalism’s emphasis on exclusivity and individuality motivates reporters to orient social media use around producing unique news that no other reporter knows. Such emphasis on distinctiveness opens the door for honing their personal branding skills, ultimately leading to a self-commodification strategy. By contrast, in South Korea, with its long tradition of a collectivist-oriented Confucian culture, reporters treat social media as a more communal digital workspace that distributes news sources and information in an equitable manner.

Studying Facebook as a Source of News (Case Study of Afghan Youth)

The main claim in this research is "studying Facebook as a news source". Facebook is now a news source like other media, and users become members of the Facebook virtual network in order to access the events of the day. The method of this research is a survey, and the measuring tool is also a questionnaire. After completing the questionnaires, the findings were obtained and analyzed at the descriptive level through SPSS software. The statistical population of the research includes all Facebook users in Balkh Province, Afghanistan. The sampling method in this research was based on the use of available people, and finally 500 people completed the researcher's questionnaire. The results of this research showed that the majority of users of the Facebook virtual network are young people, and Facebook has become a serious source of news among users, and in fact, the purpose of using Facebook for most of the respondents is to receive daily news. In other words, the importance of using other features of Facebook are secondary. It should also be noted that the main source of news for users was Facebook at first, and then it included television, radio, news agencies and printed publications. The lack of Facebook filter, the diversity of its news, the ease of producing news, the speed of news dissemination, the freshness, the brevity of the news, the speed of access, the ease of access, the production and consumption of news by autopilots, its universality, freedom of expression, are the important factors in the tendency of users to Facebook news in Afghanistan. The uncertain atmosphere (economy, security, politics) has greatly increased the need of the people of this country to the events.