News Archives Research Articles

Experiences of healthcare workers who faced physical workplace violence from patients or their relatives in Nepal: a qualitative study

IntroductionWorkplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) has become a global concern. Our aim was to investigate the firsthand experience of HCWs who faced physical WPV from patients or their...

Responsible AI at the Vanderbilt Television News Archive: A Case Study

We provide an overview of the use of machine-learning and artificial intelligence at the Vanderbilt Television News Archive (VTNA). After surveying our major initiatives to date, which include the full transcription of the collection using a custom language model deployed on Amazon Web Services (AWS), we address some ethical considerations we encountered, including the possibility of staff downsizing and misidentification of individuals in news recordings.

SU-ISU BERKAITAN EKONOMI GIG DI JEPUN: ANALISIS LAPORAN AKHBAR

The global COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the media landscape in Japan, as news coverage that previously focused on the preparation for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics has shifted towards pandemic-related issues. Increased news reports on current pandemic-related issues, including those related to gig economy workers, have emerged. Social restrictions and the rise in online activities have driven the growth of the gig economy in Japan, which was initially needed to address the imbalance in talent supply and demand, along with a declining young population. However, a lack of legal oversight has led to various issues, ultimately resulting in the formation of labor unions demanding job justice for gig workers. Previous studies have been conducted on gig workers, such as labor injustices and proposals for regulating labor standards like collective bargaining, but there is still a lack of research exploring media reporting on the gig economy in Japan. Therefore, this study aims to identify current issues related to the gig economy in Japan, focusing on online food delivery platform workers through media coverage analysis. Data was collected from the online news archive of Asahi Shimbun from February 2021 to December 2022 using the search terms "gig economy" and "uber eats." The research findings were obtained through content analysis conducted with the assistance of Leximancer software. It was found that Asahi Shimbun's news reporting on the gig economy during the COVID-19 pandemic tended to be more negative in sentiment than positive. Negative sentiment emerged due to prominent reports of dissatisfaction among gig workers with the Uber Eats Japan food delivery service company, primarily stemming from changes in the delivery compensation system. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of gig economy issues as portrayed in the media, serving as a guide for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and labor unions to improve the quality of gig work in Japan and globally.

Rethinking the Misinformation with its Detrimental Impact on Lives: A Qualitative Approach

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this research was to identify misinformation and other related online falsehoods i.e. dis-malinformation, fake news, rumor spreading in social media in Bangladesh associated with their threat and impact on human lives. Using a qualitative approach, the author randomly selected around 26 cases that happened in Bangladesh over the last 15 years. Both primary and secondary information resources (online and print newspapers, news archives, websites, blogs, TV channels, various social networking tools like Facebook, Twitter, etc.; a series of conversations with journalists) were considered to collect the cases that were spreading as misinformation. The cases were then categorized into various aspects such as political, health, religious, social, crime, and entertainment. A number of research papers were browsed in Google, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar, and the newspaper was also scanned to find out the associated effects of each case on our society. Findings showed in Bangladesh, the adverse ramifications of such misinformation were in religious and political aspects resulting social insecurity to loss of life also. Moreover, health misinformation has led people to decline health measures and practice unproven treatments which would be a great threat to public health.

Heritage tourism and terrorism: media coverage of the destruction and rebuilding of Jahanabad Seated Buddha in Pakistan

ABSTRACT This paper scrutinizes the media coverage regarding Jahanabad Seated Buddhist statue, in Pakistan, considering both its destruction in 2007 and the subsequent restoration campaign, using content analysis of audio-visual and textual news. Based on 41 online news archives (broadcast on national, regional, and global news outlets), the findings unravel the marginalized narratives of the local community. Digitally mediated community activism appeared as a significant dimension amidst both the destruction and rebuilding periods. Concomitantly, antithetical to the grammar of violence disseminated by radicals, the grammar of compassion emerged. Also based on the content analysis, we found that the tourism value of this heritage asset contributed to its safeguarding and rebuilding. The interplay of these aspects promotes, in a certain way, Jahanabad Seated Buddhist statue as a second-chance tourism site, in in-situ and ex-situ forms. This study offers relevant theoretical, institutional, and managerial implications regarding the site under analysis and other threatened heritage sites.

The Role of Transliterated Words in Linking Bilingual News Articles in an Archive

Retrieving a specific digital information object from a multi-lingual huge and evolving news archives is challenging and complicated against a user query. The processing becomes more difficult to understand and analyze when low-resourced and morphologically complex languages like Urdu and Arabic scripts are included in the archive. Computing similarity against a query and among news articles in huge and evolving collections may be inaccurate and time-consuming at run time. This paper introduces a Similarity Measure based on Transliteration Words (SMTW) from the English language in the Urdu scripts for linking news articles extracted from multiple online sources during the preservation process. The SMTW link Urdu-to-English news articles using an upgraded Urdu-to-English lexicon, including transliteration words. The SMTW was exhaustively evaluated to assess the effectiveness using different size datasets and the results were compared with the Common Ratio Measure for Dual Language (CRMDL). The experimental results show that the SMTW was more effective than the CRMDL for linking Urdu-to-English news articles. The precision improved from 50% to 60%, recall improved from 67% to 82%, and the impact of common terms also improved.

Pathogen spreading during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Understanding a global phenomenon

AbstractThis study examined news media reports published during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic that described people spitting, coughing, and otherwise spreading respiratory fluids to other people and objects. A search of a news archive yielded more than 800 news articles published during March, April, and May, 2020, from which N = 325 cases of intentional pathogen spreading were identified. This was during the early part of the pandemic when the world was still trying to reach an understanding of how to deal with the pandemic. Collected news articles showed that cases of intentional pathogen spreading were reported to have occurred in 14 countries on 5 continents on most days (78.3%) of the 3‐month period considered. In 43% of cases, perpetrators claimed to be infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Frontline key workers, passersby, and retail workers were the most frequent targets. The findings suggest that more needs to be learned about intentional pathogen spreading behavior, with the goals of reducing its occurrence in future pandemics and protecting vulnerable targets.

Mapping Climate Themes From 2008-2021—An Analysis of Business News Using Topic Models

India and other developing economies are receiving more attention in the context of climate change due to their rapid rates of economic expansion and large populations. In terms of absolute emissions, India surpassed China and the U.S. in 2018 to become the third-largest emitter. Solving this wicked problem calls for climate action across the stakeholder spectrum involving governments, business communities, and citizens. While extant literature has focused significantly on the role of governments and individual perceptions, the business sector needs to be more represented. In this study, we consider business news media as a platform that reflects the industry engagement in climate change and as a source of information on climate change for business decision-makers. Hence, understanding the topic and themes in the nexus of climate and business is important to evaluate the business sector’s stance towards climate change and how it has evolved. This work explores business news related to climate change using natural language techniques. We first experiment with three topic-modeling techniques, such as LDA, NMF, and BERTopic, on the business news and two more benchmark news datasets. Our test data is derived from digital news archives of ’The Economic Times – India’s leading business news daily. We evaluate the performance based on quantitative metrics commonly used for topic models. We choose the algorithm that provides the highest precision for climate-specific information represented by the test dataset. We then apply the algorithm with the best performance, as evaluated by the experiment, to a large corpus of Indian climate news from E.T. spanning from 2008 - 2021. We present how different themes, including industry engagement, evolved over the last two decades. The results suggest that climate cooperation has the highest contribution in the corpus, with other themes on resource management, energy and business gaining traction in recent years.

An Analysis of Korean News Media on Sustainability in the Anthropocene

Abstract: The fast levels of industrialization, urbanization, globalization, and expansion of mass consumption that most countries in the world are experiencing today have led to environmental destruction and climate change, eventually threatening the survival of the Earth and humanity. Especially in the case of South Korea, where per capita greenhouse gas emissions have risen to the third highest in the world, there is an urgent need to raise public awareness of the risks of climate change and initiate a more active societal response. This study examines Korean news media trends related to sustainability and explore suggestions for sustainable measures in the Anthropocene. In this way, a total of 1,203 articles was collected, including material from the news archives of newspapers, broadcasting TV, and Internet news channels. The articles have been analyzed by means of word-count-based analysis and topic modeling. The results of this study suggest that there is a need to develop and activate articles that contain more information about the effectiveness of the social response to sustainability and climate change in the Anthropocene.

Water as property: Contention between indigenous communities and the lithium industry for water rights in Chile

AbstractWith the growing demand for lithium to be used in many electronic devices and vehicles, companies in Chile's Atacama Desert race to extract this “white gold.” Lithium mining is a water‐intensive process, seemingly impossible to sustain in the world's driest desert. Local indigenous communities rely on what little water access exists, but water becomes the property of whoever owns the land. Thus, we see growing contention between local communities and mining companies for the use of water. This study examines the intersection between communities, the environment, and lithium‐mining companies, using a political‐ecology model to understand the nuances involved in extracting this in‐demand resource. Based on interviews, news archives, and other methods, the findings indicate a need for increased trust between populations and companies. Additionally, regulatory and legal clarity and consolidation would help manage the conflicts. Activism and company and government responses can facilitate better negotiations between stakeholders and allow for access to lithium while better protecting the environment and the people that survive in the desert.

Analisis Dan Implementasi Algoritma Active Fuzzy Constrained Clustering Untuk Pengelompokan Dokumen

Text document clustering techniques automatically become an important research in which volume of text document via digital media is growing rapidly. This technique is known as document clustering. Document clustering is a method of grouping documents based on their similarity. For groupping these documents, one of the clustering algorithms is used, namely Active Fuzzy Constrained Clustering (AFCC), which combines fuzzy and semi-supervised clustering methods where text documents as a bag of words will be calculated with the value of meaningful words using the Vector Space Model. (VSM). The AFCC algorithm is identified by the use of pairwise constraint and centroid in its cluster. The input documents tested in the research are a collection of documents in the BBC News Archives. Based on the research that has been done, using the parameters of the maximum number of clusters, the maximum number of constraints per iteration and the maximum number of iterations, the AFCC algorithm results in grouping text documents that are news article. Performance measurement of clustering results in this research uses the Confusion Matrix approach, which can be generated with an average precision and recall value of 0.53, and an accuracy value of 0.52

Generating more inclusive media memory: the limits and possibilities of news archives

Ideally, mediated collective memory of a society’s past should be both inclusive and communal. Documentaries commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Los Angeles riots reveal that a film which relies primarily on mainstream journalism’s news archives tends to privilege the perspectives of social authorities. In contrast, films produced by those from marginalized communities create more inclusive mediated collective memory by altering the rationale for incorporating speakers and stories: from status, having social authority at a moment in history, to witness, the personal experience of history. These films use news archives to authenticate the presence of witnesses to events, authorizing them to speak yet fundamentally altering the story preserved in the journalistic archive because witnesses both talk about their experience and characterize the meaning of the event. Transforming narrative convention from having status to bearing witness allows perspectives to compete more equally, destabilizing social inequities that contribute to marginalization and building a more inclusive, communal collective remembrance via media.

Coverage of the opioid crisis in national network television news from 2000–2020: A content analysis

Background: News coverage has both negatively and positively influenced public awareness and perceptions surrounding the opioid crisis. This study aimed to describe and analyze national network television news framing of the scope and impact of the opioid crisis in the United States. Methods: We performed a retrospective content analysis on national network television evening news segments covering the opioid crisis from 1/2000 to 8/2020, which were obtained from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive. The database was queried for: opioid epidemic, oxycontin, heroin, fentanyl, and naloxone. Two independent reviewers quantitatively coded segment characteristics, including theme, geographic location, opioids mentioned, strategies for combatting the epidemic discussed, interviews conducted, and patient demographics. Changes in segment characteristics over time were analyzed using chi-square analyses and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: News segments (N = 191) most commonly provided an overview of the epidemic (55.5%) and/or conveyed personal stories (40.3%). Prescription opioids (59.7%) and heroin (62.8%) were more often referenced than fentanyl (17.8%); the focus on heroin peaked in 2011–2015 (84.8%), while references to fentanyl significantly increased over time (p = 0.021). The most frequently interviewed people included patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) (47.1%), healthcare providers (36.7%), family members/friends (31.9%), and law enforcement (30.9%). Most of the featured patients with OUD were male (63.0%), white (88.4%), and young (< 40 years) adults (77.9%). Coverage of the crisis peaked in 2016. Conclusions: Evening news segments’ emphasis on personal stories, while emotionally compelling, came at the cost of thematically-framed coverage that may improve public understanding of the complexities of the epidemic. The depiction of primarily white, young adult patients with OUD revealed a need for a greater emphasis in the news on underrepresented minorities and older adults, as these populations face additional stigma and disparities in OUD treatment initiation and retention.

Media Attention to Environmental Issues and ESG Investing

We analyse how ESG scores affect future returns when environmental issues receive higher media coverage. Investors might take environmental aspects into account if they are confronted with the issue of global warming more frequently in the press. We assess the prevalence of environmental issues in the media with a machine learning-based Structural Topic Modelling (STM) methodology, using a news archive published in the USA. Running Fama-MacBeth regressions, we find that in periods when the media actively report on environmental issues, ESG scores have a significant negative impact on future returns, whereas, in months when fewer such articles are published, investors do not take sustainability measures into account, and ESG scores have no explanatory power.

C22] Construction and publication of the &quot;Kyoto News Archive&quot;: Prospects for the Use of local government video materials

C22] Construction and publication of the &quot;Kyoto News Archive&quot;: Prospects for the Use of local government video materials

The early generation of Yanggongju (Western Princess) and their life polemics in 1950-1955

Yanggongju, the sexual workers for G.I. soldiers who were stationed in Korea particularly during and after Korean war, were stigmatized as 'bad women' for having sexual relationships out of marriage with foreign men. These women must endure hardships that came from the clients or the pimps in daily basis. This study aims to investigate how the life and polemics yanggongju had experienced in the period of 1950-1955. The early generations of yanggongju consisted of women with various backgrounds, such as war widows and women who became the breadwinner of the family. This study used qualitative method and the data were collected from the articles of Kyunghyang Shinmun, Dong-a Ilbo, and Chosun Ilbo in the period of January 1, 1950, to December 31, 1555, accessed from a news archive site called naver news library. After two-times process of data reduction, 47 articles were collected under the category of nyu-seu (news). It was found that the early generation of yanggongju experienced at least four kinds of polemics in their life: (1) life difficulties (physically and mentally), such as fallen women stigma, vulnerable to sexual transmitting disease, and having many debts, (2) child neglect in the form of attempted abortion and child abandonment, (3) suicide and abused, and (4) alcohol and drug (opium) addiction. It is hoped that this research can contribute to further researches on the problem of yanggongju and their position as a marginalized people.

Who gets the rights to newsgathering? Media credentialing and press freedom in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia

PurposeAgainst the background of the 2019 anti-extradition bill protests, this paper aims to examine the legal-political negotiations over equal press rights in Hong Kong, focusing specifically on “the rights to newsgathering” – the rights of all journalistic actors to get access to certain places and events to collect first-hand news information, such as on the streets, during protests and in government events.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a comparative approach to the question of equal press rights by comparing Hong Kong’s situations with those of Taiwan and Malaysia. Drawing upon secondary sources such as existing studies and news archives, this paper attempts to delineate the legal-political negotiations over equal press rights in the three places in the past two decades.FindingsThis paper finds that in Hong Kong, there are signs of increasing suppression of press rights amidst the city’s authoritarian backlash in recent years. While the Hong Kong Government was willing to broaden the rights of online independent media a few years back, it has started to tighten its control over them after the 2019 anti-extradition bill protests. Without a constitutional guarantee of equal press rights, it remains to be seen how the online independent media would fare in the future, especially after the introduction of the national security law.Originality/valueWhile Hong Kong is home to a variety of non-mainstream media, the issue of their press status has remained largely unrecognized by the public. This paper pays attention to this understudied yet important issue.

The tobacco industry’s tort reform campaign to avoid liability in Louisiana

We analyze the tobacco industry’s “tort reform” campaign in Louisiana, which marked its first takeover of a state tort reform coalition, and interpret the strategies using the Policy Dystopia Model. We searched internal tobacco industry documents in the UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library and searched news archives of state and local periodicals between 1985 and 2000. Using alliances, the tobacco industry clandestinely secured legislation in 1988 limiting manufacturer liability for inherently dangerous products. The industry took over a coalition in 1992 to defend its gains, minimize its publicly visible role, and pursue policies it likely could not directly advocate for after Louisiana’s government became more hostile to tort reform. The industry defended gains but failed to secure legislation eliminating liability for inherently dangerous products after its involvement was exposed. This case study expands the applicability of the Policy Dystopia Model. The industry passes laws harmful to the public interest by cloaking its involvement and motivations behind allies, front groups and generalized messaging. Exposing the industry’s role can help public health advocates protect against pro-industry legislation.

Shipping sentiment and the dry bulk shipping freight market: New evidence from newspaper coverage

In this paper, a shipping sentiment index in the dry bulk market is constructed using computational text analysis from shipping news archives. Our news corpus consists of 11,296 dry bulk news headlines from two major shipping news websites from January 2014 to November 2020. The constructed monthly index does track closely with major dry bulk freight indices. Then, we investigate how the freight market responds, if at all, to sentiment shock and whether news sentiment helps predict freight rates. Specifically, impulse response analyses using vector autoregression (VAR) models are employed to examine the effect of sentiment shocks on freight indices. The predictive power of the constructed shipping sentiment index for future dry bulk freight rates is further investigated using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) regression. To examine potential asymmetric relationship between dry bulk freight rates and news sentiment, copula models are then utilized. Results show that the constructed news sentiment index is a significant predictor for the future freight rates, especially in the Capesize market. The effect of sentiment shocks is relatively transitory and varies across different dry bulk sub-segments. Last but not least, the impact of news sentiment on the dry bulk freight rates is asymmetric and tends to be higher when the sentiment is extremely positive, and such tail dependence is more obvious for the larger Capesize segment. This study provides significant implications and decision support for shipping players.

News Video Summarization Combining SURF and Color Histogram Features.

Because the data volume of news videos is increasing exponentially, a way to quickly browse a sketch of the video is important in various applications, such as news media, archives and publicity. This paper proposes a news video summarization method based on SURF features and an improved clustering algorithm, to overcome the defects in existing algorithms that fail to account for changes in shot complexity. Firstly, we extracted SURF features from the video sequences and matched the features between adjacent frames, and then detected the abrupt and gradual boundaries of the shot by calculating similarity scores between adjacent frames with the help of double thresholds. Secondly, we used an improved clustering algorithm to cluster the color histogram of the video frames within the shot, which merged the smaller clusters and then selected the frame closest to the cluster center as the key frame. The experimental results on both the public and self-built datasets show the superiority of our method over the alternatives in terms of accuracy and speed. Additionally, the extracted key frames demonstrate low redundancy and can credibly represent a sketch of news videos.