New York Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

Associations Between Dental Occlusion and Nutritional Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults (P01-017-19)

ObjectivesThis study explored associations between dental occlusion and nutritional status in community dwelling older adults. MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from electronic health records (EHR) of new patients (>65 years), who presented for care at the Rutgers School of Dental Medicine between June 1, 2015 and June 30, 2018. The self-administered Mini Nutritional Assessment (Self-MNA) score (as a measure of nutritional status), clinical and demographic information were obtained from the EHR. Tooth number and location were recorded based on odontogram and digital radiographs. Spearman’s rho, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi Square tests were used to explore relationships between variables. ResultsOf the 238 records reviewed, complete data (MNA score, tooth number and location) were available for 140 (58.8%). The mean age of participants was 72.78 years (SD = 5.58); 55% were female. The mean MNA score was 12.15 (SD = 2.14); 24.3% were at risk for malnutrition, and 5% were malnourished. The mean number of teeth (excluding 3rd molars) was 17.01 (SD = 8.72); 21.4% had 0–9 teeth, 30% had 10–19 teeth, and 48.6% had 20–28 teeth. Thirty-five % had no posterior occlusion (POP); 27.1% had no anterior occlusion (AOP).MNA score was weakly but significantly correlated with number of POP (r = 0.21, P = 0.02). Those with 10–19 teeth had significantly lower MNA scores then those with 20 or more teeth (P = 0.003). Being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished was associated with having 10–19 teeth, while normal nutritional status was associated with having 20 or more teeth (P = 0.02). ConclusionsIn this sample of older adults, those with 10–19 teeth were more likely to be at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Similarly, as number of POP decreased, MNA score decreased. Research utilizing a larger sample to further explore the relationships between tooth loss and nutritional status is warranted. Funding SourcesSackler Institute for Nutritional Sciences, New York Academy of Science.

Benefits of supplementation with multiple micronutrients in pregnancy.

A task force was convened by the New York Academy of Sciences to evaluate new evidence that was not available at the time of, and to help countries interpret, recent World Health Organization guidelines for nutrition interventions in pregnancy as they relate to multiple micronutrient supplementation. The report of the task force is published in a recent special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Here, we provide a short introduction to the special issue.

Antimicrobial resistance in a One Health context: exploring complexities, seeking solutions, and communicating risks.

Four articles presented in this special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences stem from a meeting of experts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animal production hosted by the New York Academy of Sciences on May 8 and 9, 2018. The articles discuss (1) competing considerations of the criticality of different classes of antimicrobials used for human and animal health and how guidelines and regulations might result in more prudent patterns of use; (2) the increasingly recognized importance of the environment (i.e., soil, water, and air) as a reservoir of resistant bacteria and resistance genes as well as a pathway for the dissemination of AMR between human and animal host populations; (3) established and novel solutions for measuring and containing the AMR problem; and (4) effective strategies for communicating to consumers the risks of AMR spreading from food production and other nonhuman sources. The authors of this commentary served as the scientific advisory committee to the meeting.

John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891): His Life and Malacological Contributions

This paper provides a biography, bibliography and taxonomic catalog for John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891), emphasizing his malacological research based upon his sizable collection and his contributions to the growth and expansion of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the predecessor to the American Museum of Natural History. Jay described one new genus and 49 new species of molluscs; type specimens are known for 34 of them. He also published but did not describe 76 manuscript names mostly from material collected by Nuttall, of which 28 were made available by later authors (mostly by either Reeve or Carpenter). His collection and sizable library of rare books formed the nucleus of the malacological collection and the rare book library of the American Museum of Natural History. This paper summarizes his life, the growth of his collection, his publications, his new taxa, and his broader role in 19th-century New York professional life.

Recently Discovered Interstitial Cell Population of Telocytes: Distinguishing Facts from Fiction Regarding Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Diverse Diseases Called "Telocytopathies".

In recent years, the interstitial cells telocytes, formerly known as interstitial Cajal-like cells, have been described in almost all organs of the human body. Although telocytes were previously thought to be localized predominantly in the organs of the digestive system, as of 2018 they have also been described in the lymphoid tissue, skin, respiratory system, urinary system, meninges and the organs of the male and female genital tracts. Since the time of eminent German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, we have known that many pathological processes originate directly from cellular changes. Even though telocytes are not widely accepted by all scientists as an individual and morphologically and functionally distinct cell population, several articles regarding telocytes have already been published in such prestigious journals as Nature and Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. The telocyte diversity extends beyond their morphology and functions, as they have a potential role in the etiopathogenesis of different diseases. The most commonly described telocyte-associated diseases (which may be best termed “telocytopathies” in the future) are summarized in this critical review. It is difficult to imagine that a single cell population could be involved in the pathogenesis of such a wide spectrum of pathological conditions as extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (“telocytomas”), liver fibrosis, preeclampsia during pregnancy, tubal infertility, heart failure and psoriasis. In any case, future functional studies of telocytes in vivo will help to understand the mechanism by which telocytes contribute to tissue homeostasis in health and disease.

Studying Neural Correlates of Music Features in the Early Years Education and Development Process: A Preliminary Understanding based on a Taxonomical Classification and Logistic Regression Analysis

Studying Neural Correlates of Music Features in the Early Years Education and Development Process: A Preliminary Understanding based on a Taxonomical Classification and Logistic Regression Analysis

'Towards a ‘Science/Culture/Religion’ NETWORK OF NETWORKS: LEARN to LIVE and to PROGRESS 'together’ ', Volume 1 (Content, abstracts or first lines of the contributions, on the project essential)

'Towards a ‘Science/Culture/Religion’ NETWORK OF NETWORKS: LEARN to LIVE and to PROGRESS 'together’ ', Volume 1 (Content, abstracts or first lines of the contributions, on the project essential)

Teachers Mentoring Teachers in the Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise for the Restoration of New York Harbor with New York City Public Schools (BOP-CCERS) Fellowship

The Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise for the Restoration of New York Harbor withNew York City Public Schools (BOP-CCERS)(NSF DRL 1440869/PI Lauren Birney) program is a National ScienceFoundation (NSF) supported initiative through collaboration by multiple institutions and organizations led by PaceUniversity. Partners on this initiatitve include Columbia Lamont Doherty, the New York Aquairum, the New YorkHarbor Foundation, the New York Academy of Sciences, the River Project, Good Shepher Services, SmartstartEvaluation and Research, the University Maryland Center for Environmental Science and Fearless Solutions. Inthis study, teachers from one cohort were paired with teachers from a succeeding cohort in order to facilitate amentoring process between the two cohorts. This allows for teacher ambassardors to have a support structurethroughout the program, seek integral feedback, modify teaching techniques, integrate project research and establishlong term partnerships within the project team.

“ПЕРЕЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ” УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ: CARPE DIEM

Thoughts of Borys Bilynsky, a known Ukrainian oncologist, surgeon, and public figure, about medical transformations in Ukraine. He was born on 16 July 1933 in Zbarazh in a doctor’s family. In 1950, he finished School No. 8 in Lviv and in 1956 graduated from Lviv Medical Institute. He worked as a practical doctor – a surgeon – and as a research fellow at HematologyResearch Institute. Since 1967 he has held different positions at Lviv Medical University: of an associate professor, professor, head of the oncology chair, vice-rector for clinical work and research. In 1963, he presented his candidate and in 1973 doctoral dissertation. He completed post-graduate courses in Kyiv (oncology in 1957, thoracic surgery in 1963) and Moscow (medical genetics, 1967). As a visiting professor, he delivered lectures in oncology at the universities of Accra (Ghana, Africa), New-York, Philadelphia, Harvard (USA), and London (UK). He is an active member of the New York Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Higher Education of Ukraine, and Shevchenko Scientific Society. He bears such honorable titles as a “Merited Figure of Science and Technology of Ukraine”, and a merited professor of Kyiv Institute of Oncology and Lviv Medical University. He has participated in all Ukrainian National Oncological Congresses since 1957, in three World Oncological Congresses and in numerous national and international scientific meetings. Bilynsky is the author of 500 printed publications, among them 20 monographs including the first handbook of oncology in Ukrainian (1992). He has supervised 26 dissertations, among them 4 for a doctoral degree. During the struggle for independence of Ukraine, he took an active political position being a member of “Rukh”, and a member of the Regional Council (Lviv Rada). He has been decorated with several governmental and public orders. During the 2004 presidential elections, he was a confidential agent of Viktor Yushchenko. Now he is actively teaching foreign students of the oncology chair.

P194 - Data-Driven Psychosocial Phenotyping for Precision Behavioral Nutrition

Background (Background, Rationale, Prior Research, and/or Theory): People respond differently to behavior change interventions; therefore, behavioral nutrition interventions often have small effect sizes. Precision Behavioral Nutrition aims to leverage information about individuals to make these interventions more effective via personalization. Psychosocial phenotyping describes variability in psychological and social characteristics in a population, identifying salient mediators of behavior change. Previously, we used psychosocial phenotyping to qualitatively explain results of a behavioral nutrition intervention and noted its potential for designing precision interventions. For this purpose, psychosocial phenotyping must be scalable and identify mediators that can serve as intervention targets along with related moderators and behaviors. Mixed membership models, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and UPhenome, are machine-learning methods used for clinical phenotyping. Whereas LDA treats mediators, moderators, and behaviors as a single data type, UPhenome handles them separately, learning phenotypes that represent each equally. These data-driven models have not yet been applied in behavioral nutrition. Objective: We assessed the utility of LDA and UPhenome for automatic learning of psychosocial phenotypes from survey data. Study Design, Setting, Participants, Intervention: We extracted individual's (n = 5,883) psychosocial characteristics from surveys collected during a cohort study of a predominantly Latino New York City community affected by high levels of chronic disease and health disparity. We conducted a secondary analysis of these data using UPhenome and LDA. Outcome Measures and Analysis: Participant responses were tokenized (n = 4,604) and used as input to LDA and UPhenome to identify phenotypes (k = 10). Domain experts (n = 4) assessed internal consistency among phenotypes resulting from LDA; a heatmap (n = 3,233) depicted dietary patterns for each phenotype. Results: Experts found within-phenotype consistency and between-phenotype discrimination. Differences in dietary patterns were visually detected. UPhenome identified more specific intervention targets than LDA. Conclusions and Implications: LDA and UPhenome can identify psychosocial phenotypes in a large cohort of Latino New Yorkers and could advance Precision Behavioral Nutrition. Future research will assess generalizability of psychosocial phenotypes and integrate psychosocial phenotyping into behavioral nutrition interventions. Funding: NIH Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science at the New York Academy of Sciences.

Translation of evidence to practice to promote early childhood development programs.

The 2018 special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences on implementation research and practice for early childhood development brings together emerging evidence on implementing effective nurturing care programs, addressing issues of quality and scale. Translating evidence to practice requires addressing the barriers perceived by policy makers, which have been highlighted in the published literature. Here, I describe how UNICEF and other global partners are addressing these barriers.

Virtual Trauma: Prospects for Automediality

Unlike some current discourse on automediality, this essay eschews most of the analysis concerning the adoption or modification of avatars to deliberately enhance, extend or distort the self. Rather than the automedial enabling of alternative, virtual selves modified by playful, confronting or disarming avatars we concentrate instead on emerging efforts to present the self in hyper-realist, interactive modes...

Yury Semyonovich Vinnik - Professor, Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Honorary Professor of the Federal State Educational Establishment of the Russian Federation "Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor VF Voyno-Yasenetsky", Ministry of Health of Russia
 (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)

The main field of scientific interests Yu.S. Vinnica - hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery: acute pancreatitis, reconstructive biliary surgery, pancreatic injury, cholelithiasis and its complications; mechanical jaundice, surgery of the stomach and duodenum, herbiology with the use of reticular endoprostheses, surgery of the large intestine (x-ray endovascular surgery), purulent surgery, diabetic foot, frostbites (questions of the pathogenesis of cold trauma and the treatment of complications), immunodeficiency, cytokinotherapy, metabolic immunotherapy of surgical diseases, peritonitis; syndrome of systemic inflammatory response, use in surgery of new biopolymers - polyhydroxyalkanoates and medical products on their basis. Yu.S. Vinnik is the founder of the scientific school of abdominal and purulent surgery. Under the direction of Vinnik Yu.S. 47 candidate dissertations, 13 doctoral dissertations were defended. He is the author of more than 800 published works, 40 copyright patents of Russia, 37 monographs.
 Since 1995, he has been elected to the present time as a full member of the New York Academy of Sciences, since 1996 he has been an academician of the International Academy of Sciences on Ecology, Human and Nature Safety (MANEB), since 1999 - full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS) since 2000 - Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAE), Academician of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts (PANI). Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. Honored Worker of Science and Education of the Russian Federation. Member of the Editorial Board of the journals of the VAK "Annals of Surgical Hepatology", "Bulletin of Experimental and Clinical Surgery", "Surgery News", "Moscow Surgical Journal", "Siberian Medical Review", "Surgical Practice". Member of the Russian Society of Surgeons, the Russian Society of Surgeons-Hepatologists, the Russian Society of Surgeons-Gastroenterologists, the Russian Society of Herniologists, the Association of General Surgeons of the Russian Federation, the Russian Society of Endoscopic Surgeons.

Alexander Alekseevich SHALIMOV – the chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of Ukraine, Director of the Kharkiv Institute of General and emergency surgery, Kyiv Institute of Hematology and blood transfusion, Kiev Institute of clinical and experimental surgery, editor in chief of the journal "Clinical surgery", Hero of Socialist labour of the USSR

In 1918 into a peasant family, was born A. A. Shalimov, who, after finishing school and technical school he enrolled in the Kuban medical Institute (1936-1941), he worked as a doctor in hospitals near Krasnodar, in Chita oblast (1941), in the cities of Bryansk and the eagle; chief surgeon of the Orel region (1949). In 1951, A. A. Shalimov returned to Bryansk, he defended his dissertation and received the title of Honored doctor of the RSFSR. Later A. A. Shalimov moved to Kharkov, he defended his doctoral dissertation (1957) and was appointed head of the Department of thoracic surgery and anesthesiology of the Ukrainian Institute of advanced training of physicians (1959), Director of the Kharkiv Institute of General and urgent surgery (1965), head of the Department of thoracoabdominal surgery of the Kiev Institute of improvement of doctors, as head of the surgical Department, the Director of Kiev research Institute of Hematology and blood transfusion (1970) and Kyiv Sri of clinical and experimental surgery (1971), chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of Ukraine (1980). A. Shalimov was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1969), academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1978). A. A. Shalimova awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor of the USSR (1982), Hero of Ukraine with the order of Powers (2005).
 Alexander Shalimov 870 author of scientific papers, including 35 monographs, 112 inventions, he has trained 50 doctors and nearly 100 candidates of medical Sciences. A. A. Shalimov was awarded two orders of Lenin and red banner of Labor, order of the October Revolution, the order of the Ukrainian State (2005) and "For merits" of three degrees, medals and orders and medals of foreign States.
 Oleksandr Shalimov was a member of the Board of the Association of surgeons im. N. And. Pirogov, the International Association of surgeons, the all-Union scientific society of surgeons, gastroenterologists and cardiologists, Chairman of the Ukrainian Republican scientific society of surgeons, full member of the new York Academy of Sciences, editor-in-chief of the journal "Clinical surgery", Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR 8-10 convocations. The international chamber of the American biographical Institute, he was elected "Man of the year – 1997", awarded diploma of the International biographical centre of Cambridge University for achievements in medicine of the twentieth century. Died Alexander Shalimov February 28, 2006.

International High School Big Data Challenge 2018, New York Academy of Sciences

International High School Big Data Challenge 2018, New York Academy of Sciences

Humor in a Time of Science Wars: Rereading Isabelle Stengers

Humor in a Time of Science Wars: Rereading Isabelle Stengers

Clinical trials for myasthenia gravis: a historical perspective.

Symposia dedicated to myasthenia gravis and related disorders date back to 1947 and serve as markers of the progress for the field. We provide a brief historical review of therapy development through the lens of the publications that arose from the close to quinquennial meetings that have been supported nearly since their inception by the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America and the New York Academy of Sciences. One can appreciate great advances, false starts, and dead ends that are found in all fields of medicine. We tally up the score card for MG and find points scored, but the win is not yet close.

Calibration of peripheral perception of shape with and without saccadic eye movements.

The cortical representations of a visual object differ radically across saccades. Several studies claim that the visual system adapts the peripheral percept to better match the subsequent foveal view. Recently, Herwig, Weiß, and Schneider (2015, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1339(1), 97-105) found that the perception of shape demonstrates a saccade-dependent learning effect. Here, we ask whether this learning actually requires saccades. We replicated Herwig et al.'s (2015) study and introduced a fixation condition. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to objects whose shape systematically changed during a saccade, or during a displacement from peripheral to foveal vision (without a saccade). In a subsequent test, objects were perceived as less (more) curved if they previously changed from more circular (triangular) in the periphery to more triangular (circular) in the fovea. Importantly, this pattern was seen both with and without saccades. We then tested whether a variable delay between the presentations of the peripheral and foveal objects would affect their association-hypothetically weakening it at longer delays. Again, we found that shape judgments depended on the changes experienced during the learning phase and that they were similar in both the saccade and fixation conditions. Surprisingly, they were not affected by the delay between the peripheral and foveal presentations over the range we tested. These results suggest that a general associative process, independent of saccade execution, contributes to the perception of shape across viewpoints.

Electrical Impedance Tomography on High-density Microelectrode Arrays

Electrical Impedance Tomography on High-density Microelectrode Arrays

Consistency of fNIRS parameters: A parallel forms and test-retest reliability study

Consistency of fNIRS parameters: A parallel forms and test-retest reliability study