New Wave Of Migration Research Articles

„Махiнацiiце я не...“

The aim of the article is to describe the change in the nature of the Ukrainian middleman (client) system from the second half of the first decade of the 21st century to the present. Research took place in Transcarpathia and Pilsen. In these regions, we observe new waves of migration, new legislative restrictions, and new internal, as well as external, strains. All of these factors have an influence on the migrants themselves, and on the Czech labour market. The article responds to the obvious need of re-thinking the structure and the role of the client system. Based on anthropological approaches, such as participant observations and interviews, the article summarises the results of the analysis of the current client system within the institutional theory of migration. The results of the pilot study show the growing extension of the structure of the client system as being a consequence of new migration trends and of the economic recession. We can observe the institutionalisation of aspects and the involvement of formal institutions in the system, as well as restrictions of the use of the Ukrainian middleman (client) system by Ukrainians in the Czech Republic and their displacement by migrants from the European Union, especially from Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. The conclusion of the article shows the secondary transformation of the Ukrainian middleman system and its institutionalisation. All issues in this article were analysed using the anthropological micro-optic approach, and they attempt to establish a new discussion of the client system as such.

Ukrainian diaspora churches looking for cultural codes to a new immigrant generation from Ukraine

The article deals with the activities of the UGCC in the field of preservation of Ukrainian identity of a new wave of migration. Using traditional strategy, the church is looking for new approaches to migrants, based on old and seeking new cultural codes which are understandable for present-day Ukrainian in his incultural intentions in abroad.

Tackling Germany’s Demographic Skills Shortage: Permanent Settlement Intentions of the Recent Wave of Labour Migrants from Non-European Countries

Confronted with structural demographic challenges, during the last decade European countries have adopted new labour migration policies. The sustainability of these policies largely depends on the intentions of migrants to stay in their country of destination for the long term or even permanently. Despite a growing dependence on skilled labour migrants, very little information exists about the dynamics of this new wave of migration and existing research findings with their focus on earlier migrant generations are hardly applicable today. The article comparatively tests major theoretical approaches accounting for permanent settlement intentions of Germany’s most recent labour migrants from non-European countries on the basis of a new administrative dataset. Although the recent wave of labour migrants is on average a privileged group with regard to their human capital, fundamentally different mechanisms are shaping their future migration intentions. In contrast to neo-classical expectations, a first path highlights economic factors that determine temporary stays of a creative class benefiting from opportunities of an increasingly international labour market. Instead, socio-cultural and institutional factors are the decisive determinants of a second path leading towards permanent settlement intentions. Three main factors—language skills, the family context and the legal framework—make migrants stay in Germany, providing important implications for adjusting and strengthening labour migration policies in Europe.

Simulating deforestation and carbon loss in Amazonia: impacts in Brazil's Roraima state from reconstructing Highway BR-319 (Manaus-Porto Velho).

Reconstruction of Highway BR-319 (Manaus-Porto Velho) would allow for access from the "arc of deforestation" in the southern part of Brazil's Amazon region to vast blocks of forests in central and northern Amazonia. Building roads is known to be a major driver of deforestation, allowing entry of squatters, and other actors. Rather than deforestation along the highway route, here we consider the road's potential for stimulating deforestation in a separate location, approximately 550 km north of BR-319's endpoint in Manaus. Reconstructing BR-319 has great potential impact to start a new wave of migration to this remote region. The southern portion of the state of Roraima, the focus of our study, is already connected to Manaus by Highway BR-174. We modeled deforestation in southern Roraima and simulated carbon emissions between 2007 and 2030 under four scenarios. Simulations used the AGROECO model in DINAMICA-EGO © software. Two scenarios were considered with reconstruction of BR-319 and two without this road connection. For each of the two possibilities regarding BR-319, simulations were developed for (1) a "conservation" (CONSERV) scenario that assumes the creation of a series of protected areas, and (2) a "business-as-usual" (BAU) scenario that assumes no additional protected areas. Results show that by 2030, with BR-319 rebuilt, deforestation carbon emissions would increase between 19% (CONSERV) and 42% (BAU) over and above those corresponding to no-road scenarios.

Remembering the Past and Constructing the Future over a Communal Plate

Since 2005, asylum seekers from Eritrea and Sudan have been immigrating to Israel via the Egyptian–Israeli border. By February 2011, approximately 33,000 asylum seekers resided in Israel, most of them in the southern neighborhoods of Tel Aviv. Literature has focused on legal and political aspects of this new wave of migration, but little research has documented their social, religious and economic institutions and none has considered their self-established restaurants. This study examines asylum seekers' foodways and culinary establishments, revealing the importance to asylum seekers of preparation and consumption of familiar foods as part of their daily struggles for survival in a foreign land. By combining both anthropological and biological perspectives (that is, the evolutionary and adaptive significance of human behaviors, taking into consideration the biological mechanisms underlying these behaviors), we show how the triggering of memories by the sensorial experience of cooking and eating is an important component in the construction and management of identity in the context of forced migration.

Independent North–South Child Migration as a Parental Investment in Northern Ghana

ABSTRACTNorth–south independent child migration flows in Ghana have gained increasing political and research interest. Parents and adult relations actively participate in the decision of their children to migrate. In view of this, this study uses a 2005 survey of 451 independent child migrants in Accra and Kumasi to assess the extent to which this relatively new wave of migration constitutes some kind of an economic investment by parents against poverty. A major finding of the study is that although parents, through remittances by their children, may meet their objective of sending their children as migrants to southern communities, in the long run, these gains may be eroded because of diverse social, economic, and reproductive health risks the children may be exposed to. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chinese Australian Urban Politics in the Context of Globalisation

Globalisation and the rise of East Asia have accelerated the migration of Chinese populations across the Asia-Pacific rim. Ethnic Chinese populations from highly diverse sub-ethnic, socio-economic and political backgrounds are increasingly aggregated in major cities throughout the region. Nonetheless, there remains insufficient attention to the implications of greater economic interdependence and accelerated population movement upon the political cultures of host nations such as Australia, especially in the context of ensuing spatial and economic concentrations of activity.
 
 Both articulate and interlocking relationships between political and economic fields exist in the metropolitan engagements of Chinese Australian community groups and associations. Many of these political dimensions extend into ‘formal’ modes of politics. 
 
 Framed by urban regime theory and the broader notion of urban politics, this paper claims that network resource exchange within Chinese Australian communities are tied to ethnic economies, and in certain contexts global processes. These kinds of social dynamics have implications for the expression of diasporic Chinese affinity and constructions of Chineseness. Explorations of transnational political tensions, in fact, highlight the diversity and potential fragility of diasporic interdependence within ethnic Chinese communities – communities that are persistently refashioned through new waves of migration and from different points of origin.
 
 This paper seeks to advance these perspectives through a case study of a particular period of tension between two representative peak bodies in Brisbane, Queensland. Grounded in the testimony of elite political actors, it reflects upon the nature of ethnic Chinese community representation in contemporary Australia.

Latinos in the United States: The Sacred and the Political.

When in the United was first published in 1986, it was hailed as a triumph by the National Catholic Reporter, inspiring by the journal Studies, and was named an Outstanding Academic Book of the Year by Choice. The book was widely adopted in Latino and ethnic studies classes at colleges and universities throughout the country. Now, in the second edition, David Abalos updates his pioneering application of the transformation theory to key aspects of Latino politics, history, and culture. He draws on examples from everyday human encounters to address specific concerns of both Latino individuals and groups. Among the issues addressed are: the need to maintain Latino family heritage while allowing each member to develop the autonomy necessary to interact both within the family and within American society; the importance of avoiding assimilation; the necessity for to develop the skills and competence that allow them to enter into America's business world without losing their commitment to the community; rediscovery of Latino religious symbols of transformation that renew the life of the sacred; and the need to preserve Latino heritage through a strategy of being both American and Latino.The second edition contains extensive new material. Abalos includes a new section on archetypal analysis. He has added discussions of the relationship between the sacred and the political in American politics, and of assimilation and its effects on the immigrant. He addresses the new wave of migration and what it means to the future of the United States and la comunidad Latina. Abalos has also added a new chapter on the politics of education, which is, he argues, the most important civil rights issue facing the Latino community. The notes and bibliography reflect recent scholarship, especially that of Latina writers and Chicana feminists. Latinos in the United has become a classic work that has shaped Latino Studies over the past decade. In this revised and expanded edition, David T. Abalos remains our introspective and thoughtful teacher who guides us all toward the deepest source of our being in order for us to become whole people as we actively work to transform our nation into a loving and more compassionate multicultural America. Alberto Lopez Pulido, University of San DiegoProfessor Abalos is able to bring his original analysis into contemporary issues with the same clarity and depth he offered in his first edition of this book. This is an important and original contribution to knowledge in the field of Latino Studies. It is based on an urgently needed synthesis of a growing body of work done on that needs to be reframed and connected to other mainstream sources in sociology, psychology, theology, and political science. Victor M. Rodriguez, California State University, Long Beach