New Type Of Generator Research Articles

Inertial Energy Storage Integration with Wind Power Generation Using Transgenerator–Flywheel Technology

A new type of generator, a transgenerator, is introduced, which integrates the wind turbine and flywheel into one system, aiming to make flywheel-distributed energy storage (FDES) more modular and scalable than the conventional FDES. The transgenerator is a three-member dual-mechanical-port (DMP) machine with two rotating members (inner and outer rotors) and one stationary member (stator). The transgenerator–flywheel system is introduced with its configuration, transgenerator overview, flywheel operation principle and power management strategies, and control system. Simulations are performed in MATLAB 2023b/Simulink to verify the system viability, including control system verification and flywheel storage performance evaluation. The results show that the inner and outer rotors can be controlled independently with an accurate and fast control response, and the grid-side control works properly. The flywheel performs well, with considerable charging power and storage capacity.

Pulse Signal Generator for Simulated Gamma-ray Spectrometer Detection

This paper introduces an integrated nuclear pulse generator aimed at simulating authentic radiation detection signals, allowing for the convenient calibration and testing of nuclear instruments without the need for radioactive sources. An innovative method is adopted, generating energy spectrum distributions via Monte Carlo simulation and deriving nuclear pulse waveforms using difference equations. This approach enables real-time computation of particle transport processes on a hardware platform, and generates pulse sequences that closely resemble the statistical characteristics of actual nuclear events. Compared to traditional nuclear signal generators, this new type of generator significantly enhances the flexibility and real-time capabilities of the equipment, as it no longer relies on pre-stored empirical data or simulation software to generate energy spectrum data. As a case for gamma-ray spectrometer detection, the signal waveforms and energy spectrum distributions produced closely match those obtained using a NaI scintillation detector in a lead chamber to detect a Cs-137 source.

Tree CycleGAN with maximum diversity loss for image augmentation and its application into gear pitting detection

Visual detection is an available approach for measuring gear pitting. Unfortunately, the number of gear pitting images is limited, resulting in that the detection accuracy of gear pitting is unsatisfactory. In order to augment gear pitting samples with different styles, a novel Cycle Generative Adversarial Network based on a symmetric tree structure (Tree-CycleGAN) is proposed. In Tree-CycleGAN, a new type of generator with tree structure named tree generator is designed to produce various types of high quality target samples from the source-domain samples, and a maximum diversity loss is constructed to enlarge the difference between two arbitrary branches; then a similar tree reconstructor is designed for translating target samples into source samples. Two discriminators are designed for making the generated images approximate to the target images in two cyclic processes. Via inception score, structural similarity indexes and peak-signal-to-noise ratio, the quality and diversity of images obtained by Tree-CycleGAN are evaluated. Comparative results show the superiority of Tree-CycleGAN over other domain adaptation GANs. The proposed Tree-CycleGAN combined with U-net has been successfully applied to gear pitting detection. Experimental results prove that the proposed methodology precedes the basic U-net method without sample augmentation and the method based on CycleGAN and U-net.

A multi-objective optimization evaluation framework for integration of distributed energy resources

Renewable distributed generation and energy storage systems (ESSs) have been a gamechanger for a reliable and sustainable energy supply. However, this new type of generation should be optimally planned and operated to maximize the expected benefits. In this regard, this paper presents a new formulation for optimal allocation and sizing of distributed energy resources and operation of ESSs to improve the voltage profiles and minimize the annual costs. The multi-objective multiverse optimization method (MOMVO) is used as a solution tool. Moreover, the resulting Pareto optimal solution set is minimized under economic concerns and cost sensitivity to provide a decision-support for the utilities. The proposed formulation and solution algorithm are tested for the revised 33-bus and 69-bus test systems where the load and renewable generation characteristics are taken from real Turkish data. When compared with the base case operating conditions, the proposed formulation eliminated all the voltage magnitude violations, and provided almost 50% loss reductions and 20% energy transfers to off-peak hours. Moreover, Pareto fronts of the proposed method are found to better than the ones provided by non dominated sorting genetic algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm optimization, according to two multi-objective optimization metrics.

Features of the Spatial Localization of Particles in the Coherent Channeling Mode and the Mechanism for the Formation of Controlled Directional Radiation

Features of the spatial evolution of a wave function that describes the motion of fast particles in a planar channel in the coherent channeling mode are considered. It is shown that the interference of eigenstates leads to modulation of the probability density of particle localization in the transverse channel cross section and the longitudinal direction of nonquantized motion if the parametric coupling of longitudinal momentum and the energy of transverse particle motion are taken into account. In the case of a very narrow wave packet, the spatial structure of the probability density is close to the classical particle trajectory. In the case of a particle whose state corresponds to a plane wave before its entrance into the channel, the interference process leads to longitudinal-transverse focusing and the formation of periodically located clusters with a very large probability density. As the entrance angle increases, the position of these clusters approaches the channel walls. In this paper, it is shown that the presence of such clusters leads to the possibility of forming similarly located clusters of excited atoms and nuclei and to a new type of generation of quasicoherent directional radiation.

Multistage converter of high-voltage subnanosecond pulses based on nonlinear transmission lines

This paper presents new experimental data that enable the observed processes in nonlinear ferrite lines to be related with the theoretical positions of the spin waves of the magnetization precession under the conditions of a high-power microwave. Such an approach has not been considered in earlier discussions on the subject and can contribute to the theory of the generation of oscillations in a gyromagnetic ferrite medium. These new aspects were used to design a new type of generator. The specific feature is the presence of regularity in the ferrite lines in the generation mode of microwave oscillations. The repeating regularity enabled the implementation of multistage pulse shape converters capable of operating in two modes and providing extreme parameters of the output pulses. Two variants of multistage converters of nanosecond high-voltage pulse shapes with a duration of ∼4 ns at a half-height and with an amplitude of −500 kV were designed and tested. The assembly of the converters and the driving generator are described in the stationary setup. In the first case, the rise time shortened to ∼45 ps, and the amplitude increased to −850 kV due to the sharpening of a pulse and the formation of a shock wave by the cascade of three nonlinear transmission lines. A record rate for the increase of the leading peak voltage of ∼15.5 MV/ns was reached. In the second case, the new approach for the generation of a sequence of subnanosecond pulses was presented and tested, and each pulse of the previous stage was modulated by the next stage doubling the number of pulses while conserving a deeper modulation. As a result, at the top of the incident pulse, a sequence of subnanosecond peaks with a large modulation depth (∼70%) was formed when the maximum voltage amplitude reached −700 kV. The results of the emission of such pulses are also presented.

Symmetrical Loss of Excitation Fault Diagnosis in an Asynchronized High-Voltage Generator

As a new type of generator, an asynchronized high-voltage generator has the characteristics of an asynchronous generator and high voltage generator. The effect of the loss of an excitation fault for an asynchronized high-voltage generator and its fault diagnosis technique are still in the research stage. Firstly, a finite element model of the asynchronized high-voltage generator considering the field-circuit-movement coupling is established. Secondly, the three phase short-circuit loss of excitation fault, three phase open-circuit loss of excitation fault, and three phase short-circuit fault on the stator side are analyzed by the simulation method that is applied abroad at present. The fault phenomenon under the stator three phase short-circuit fault is similar to that under the three phase short-circuit loss of excitation. Then, a symmetrical loss of the excitation fault diagnosis system based on wavelet packet analysis and the Back Propagation neural network (BP neural network) is established. At last, we confirm that this system can eliminate the interference of the stator three phase short-circuit fault, accurately diagnose the symmetrical loss of the excitation fault, and judge the type of symmetrical loss of the excitation fault. It saves time to find the fault cause and improves the stability of system operation.

CompLex - an OSC and Voltage controlled Signal Path Generator (VC-SPG)

This thesis describes my electronic and artistic research into the design of what I have called the Voltage Controlled Signal Path Generator (VC-SPG). It is a switching audio matrix that can both be seen as a new tool, and as a part of a musical-instrument. As we will see, it can be applied in an analogue electronic music studio setup, a modular synthesizer or in an interactive art-installation. This master research project is a continuation of my previous work at the Royal Conservatoire where I design new technology for Art and Education. The fundamental core of my research project is the development of an audio-matrix with 16 inputs and 16 outputs that can be fully configured, controlled and programmed with Open Sound Control (OSC) and that can be synced and triggered with external analogue signals. In its present state the VC-SPG has become a new type of generator that is able to switch between different studio presets and form the core of new audio experiences and new compositional approaches. I will describe and reflect upon both the technical challenges and development and the musical and artistic results shared with me by students and professionals who used the VC-SPG over the last year for their own work. They all experienced the VC-SPG to be adding a new dimension to their creative process. We can conclude that the VC-SPG is not only a new practical tool, but also a creative instrument for electronic-music and art.

Volt–var curves for photovoltaic inverters in distribution systems

Photovoltaics (PV) are a technology that is becoming increasingly prevalent in the residential sector. The impacts of this new type of generation are not always desirable from a distribution system standpoint, as large penetration levels can lead to voltage increases, considerable unbalance, and excessive tap operations. Recent standard changes have allowed the inverters that are used to grid connect PV systems, to utilise their reactive power capability for voltage regulation. Although this new capability is desirable, it is important to ensure that it is being applied in the most beneficial way. The work in this study makes use of a three-phase optimal power flow method to find optimal volt-var curves for grid-connected rooftop PV inverters, which can perform autonomous voltage control. A number of scenarios are applied to produce a sufficient range of voltages, and the resulting reactive power settings are utilised to determine the volt-var curve for each PV system on a test feeder. An active control scheme is also presented, and the results are compared with the proposed autonomous scheme for a test 24 h period.

Fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerator with textured surface and its electric output performance

Contact electrification between insulators, manifesting as static or triboelectricity is a well-known effect. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) which is based on the contact triboelectricification and electrostatic induction provides a promising route for harvesting ambient mechanical energy and converting it into electric energy. The TENG which is due to its unique properties such as simple structures, low cost, high electric density etc., can offset or even replace the traditional power source for small portable electronics, sensors and so on. So far, the influence of factors on the output performance of TENG is still trapped in unsettled questions and under debate. In this paper, we prepare several textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with micro rod array by model method and fabricate a TENG with a size of 2222 mm. The electric generation can be achieved with a cycled process of contact and separation between a polymer and metal electrode (PDMS and aluminum respectively in this study). Several influences as the surface structure and external load on the electrical output of the TENG are systematically studied by integrating use of experimenal tests and ANSYS simulation. Results show that the existence of micro rod array on the PDMS films effectively enlarges the contact area and provides more surfaces for charge storage and hence improve the output performance of TENG. When keeping the external load constant, the output increases with decreasing distance between micro rods. When the external load is 5 N and the distance is 15 m, the average output voltage and current as high as 88 V and 15 A can be achieved respectively, which is 1.5 times higher than the output generated when the distance is 50 m. The electrical output increases quasilinearly with the increase of the external load. Simulation results show that the micro rods of PDMS films are mainly compressed by normal load, which results in a bigger diameter of micro rods. The deformations of PDMS substrate leads to the lateral friction between the micro rods and the upper electrode, which produces more charges because of the friction. For 5 N normal load, the deformations of PDMS substrate and micro rods contribute to the sum of displacement vector and the deformations along Z-axis are 32.7 m and 21.3 m respectively, and are 4.96 and 5.04 times higher than the deformation at the load of 1 N. All the results in an enlarging surface area and the larger output correspondingly. Not only does this work present a new type of generator with micro rods on the PDMS surface, which can be an effective method to improve the electrical output of TENG, but also offers a unique point of view for further understanding of the working principle of TENG.

Permanent magnet synchronous generator design solution for large direct-drive wind turbines: Thermal behavior of the LC DD-PMSG

Wind is one of the most compelling forms of indirect solar energy. Available now, the conversion of wind power into electricity is and will continue to be an important element of energy self-sufficiency planning. This paper is one in a series intended to report on the development of a new type of generator for wind energy; a compact, high-power, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (DD-PMSG) that uses direct liquid cooling (LC) of the stator windings to manage Joule heating losses. The main parameters of the subject LC DD-PMSG are 8 MW, 3.3 kV, and 11 Hz. The stator winding is cooled directly by deionized water, which flows through the continuous hollow conductor of each stator tooth-coil winding. The design of the machine is to a large degree subordinate to the use of these solid-copper tooth-coils. Both steady-state and time-dependent temperature distributions for LC DD-PMSG were examined with calculations based on a lumped-parameter thermal model, which makes it possible to account for uneven heat loss distribution in the stator conductors and the conductor cooling system. Transient calculations reveal the copper winding temperature distribution for an example duty cycle during variable-speed wind turbine operation. The cooling performance of the liquid cooled tooth-coil design was predicted via finite element analysis. An instrumented cooling loop featuring a pair of LC tooth-coils embedded in a lamination stack was built and laboratory tested to verify the analytical model. Predicted and measured results were in agreement, confirming the predicted satisfactory operation of the LC DD-PMSG cooling technology approach as a whole.

Generation, Amplification, and Nonlinear Self-Compression of Powerful Superradiance Pulses

Superradiance (SR) of electron bunches can be considered an effective method of production of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses. Different types of SR associated with different mechanisms (cyclotron, Cherenkov, and bremsstrahlung) of stimulated emission are observed experimentally in the millimeter and centimeter wavelength bands. Progress in this research has enabled a new type of generator to be created capable of generating unique short (under 200-300 ps) electromagnetic pulses at super high peak powers exceeding 1 GW in the millimeter and 3 GW in the centimeter waveband. Some new methods for further increasing of the SR pulse peak power along with the promotion of such sources to higher frequency bands are discussed. These new methods include phase synchronization of several SR pulse generators, the amplification of an SR pulse during its propagation along a quasi-stationary electron beam and nonlinear compression in the process of induced self-transparency.

EHV Generator Loss of Field Protection Research in Electrical Power System

the loss-of-field failure of synchronous generator is having an increasingly impact on the generator itself and the external power grid security. EHV (Extra High Voltage) generator is a new type of generator that can be directly connected to grid. Therefore, research on EHV generator’s loss-of-field failure is of realistic significance. This paper first draws from simulation analysis the changes of electrical parameters during the loss-of-field process of the EHV generator, and then analyzes the load-angle characteristics and generator terminal impedance characteristics during the loss-of-field process, and finally using the analytical results determines the EHV generator loss-of-field protection program to provide reference data to the protection of EHV generator running.

Triboelectric-Generator-Driven Pulse Electrodeposition for Micropatterning

By converting ambient energy into electricity, energy harvesting is capable of at least offsetting, or even replacing, the reliance of small portable electronics on traditional power supplies, such as batteries. Here we demonstrate a novel and simple generator with extremely low cost for efficiently harvesting mechanical energy that is typically present in the form of vibrations and random displacements/deformation. Owing to the coupling of contact charging and electrostatic induction, electric generation was achieved with a cycled process of contact and separation between two polymer films. A detailed theory is developed for understanding the proposed mechanism. The instantaneous electric power density reached as high as 31.2 mW/cm(3) at a maximum open circuit voltage of 110 V. Furthermore, the generator was successfully used without electric storage as a direct power source for pulse electrodeposition (PED) of micro/nanocrystalline silver structure. The cathodic current efficiency reached up to 86.6%. Not only does this work present a new type of generator that is featured by simple fabrication, large electric output, excellent robustness, and extremely low cost, but also extends the application of energy-harvesting technology to the field of electrochemistry with further utilizations including, but not limited to, pollutant degradation, corrosion protection, and water splitting.

Investigation of a New Topology of Hybrid Excitation Doubly Salient Brushless DC Generator

This paper proposes and implements a new topology of hybrid excitation doubly salient brushless dc generator (HEDS-BLDCG). Configuration and flux control principle of the generator are presented. Two-dimensional finite-element methods are used to investigate the static field distribution characteristics of this new type of generator. Field-circuit coupled analysis is successfully performed, and the output characteristics of different windings are obtained. A prototype HEDS-BLDCG is designed and developed, and the experimentation is also given to verify the validity of the proposed brushless dc generator with one and dual terminal outputs. The results confirm the excellent field-regulation capability of HEDS-BLDCG, and the rectified output of the permanent-magnet part can serve as the independent power of the excitation winding when the HEDS-BLDCG has two sets of output windings.

Investigation of the Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Power Penetration on the Angle and Voltage Stability of Power Systems

The complexity of power systems has increased in recent years due to the operation of existing transmission lines closer to their limits, using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, and also due to the increased penetration of new types of generators that have more intermittent characteristics and lower inertial response, such as wind generators. This changing nature of a power system has considerable effect on its dynamic behaviors resulting in power swings, dynamic interactions between different power system devices, and less synchronized coupling. This paper presents some analyses of this changing nature of power systems and their dynamic behaviors to identify critical issues that limit the large-scale integration of wind generators and FACTS devices. In addition, this paper addresses some general concerns toward high compensations in different grid topologies. The studies in this paper are conducted on the New England and New York power system model under both small and large disturbances. From the analyses, it can be concluded that high compensation can reduce the security limits under certain operating conditions, and the modes related to operating slip and shaft stiffness are critical as they may limit the large-scale integration of wind generation.

Maximal optimal benefits of distributed generation using genetic algorithms

Recently, the distributed power generation (DG) takes more attention, because of the constraints on the traditional power generation besides the great development in the DG technologies. To accommodate this new type of generation, the existing network should be utilized and developed in an optimal manner. This paper presents an optimal proposed approach (OPA) to determine the optimal sitting and sizing of DG with multi-system constraints to achieve a single or multi-objectives using genetic algorithm (GA). The linear programming (LP) is used not only to confirm the optimization results obtained by GA but also to investigate the influences of varying ratings and locations of DG on the objective functions. A real section of the West Delta sub-transmission network, as a part of Egypt network, is used to test the capability of the OPA. The results demonstrate that the proper sitting and sizing of DG are important to improve the voltage profile, increase the spinning reserve, reduce the power flows in critical lines and reduce the system power losses.

Increasing the sensitivity of EMA devices

It has been established that, at the present stage, it is advisable to increase the sensitivity of EMA devices via an increase in the power of the probing-pulse generator. New types of generators that allow a substantial enhancement in the sensitivity of EMA instruments have been developed. The characteristics and potential of EMA devices with a new generator have been studied. An example of detecting a model of a flaw in the form of a 1-mm-diameter flat-bottom reflector is used to show that the detection sensitivity has increased by a factor of several with an increased gap between the electromagnetic-acoustic transducer and the surface of the inspected metal.

25 kW/200 khz parallel resonant converter for induction heating

The features, technology and construction of a transistorized generator for induction heating operating over the 50 kHz... 200 kHz frequency range are presented. This new type of generator with 25 kW output power allows to replace the electronic tube generators in most part of their applications. The most outstanding advantages of this new generator in respect of tube generators are : more energy efficiency, extended service life, reduced size, separated mounting of heating station and generator. The generator incorporates an automatic frequency tracking system which allows to operate without any adjustments over a wide frequency range

Cutting and pasting in the Torelli group

We introduce machinery to allow ``cut-and-paste''-style inductive arguments in the Torelli subgroup of the mapping class group. In the past these arguments have been problematic because restricting the Torelli group to subsurfaces gives different groups depending on how the subsurfaces are embedded. We define a category $\TSur$ whose objects are surfaces together with a decoration restricting how they can be embedded into larger surfaces and whose morphisms are embeddings which respect the decoration. There is a natural ``Torelli functor'' on this category which extends the usual definition of the Torelli group on a closed surface. Additionally, we prove an analogue of the Birman exact sequence for the Torelli groups of surfaces with boundary and use the action of the Torelli group on the complex of curves to find generators for the Torelli group. For genus $g \geq 1$ only twists about (certain) separating curves and bounding pairs are needed, while for genus $g=0$ a new type of generator (a ``commutator of a simply intersecting pair'') is needed. As a special case, our methods provide a new, more conceptual proof of the classical result of Birman-Powell which says that the Torelli group on a closed surface is generated by twists about separating curves and bounding pairs.