New Type Of Method Research Articles

Influence of Some Key Parameters on the Efficiency of Flocculation–Solidification–Filter Press Combined Method for Sustainable Treatment of Waste Mud Slurry

The flocculation–solidification–filter-press combined method is a new type of method for treating waste slurry that combines flocculation and chemical curing with a mechanical filter press. Among these processes, the mechanical filter-press process is key to the efficient disposal of waste engineering slurries by the flocculation–solidification–filter-press combined method. In the mechanical filter-press process, parameters including the initial thickness of filtration mud, the magnitude of filtration pressure, and the duration of press filtration have important impacts on the dewatering and strength after subsequent curing. In this work, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to study the influence of filter-press parameters on flocculated–solidified mud by measuring the properties of treated and cured mud. The test results showed that the initial mud bag thickness is an important factor in the mud treatment effect. As the initial mud bag thickness increases, the greater the water content of the mud at the end of the filter-press process after applying the same amount of time and the same amount of pressure, the lower the post-conservation strength will be. The increase in filtration pressure and filtration time within a certain range can reduce the water content of the mud brick after filtration and significantly improve its shear strength. In the actual process of filtering in the project, the thickness of the initial mud bag should be no more than 140 mm, the filtration pressure is about 0.35 MPa, and the filtration time is suitable for 2 min.

Toward an Operations-Dedicated Model for Space Systems

Current trends in the aerospace industry for the digitization of data, tools, and services call for novel solutions that can keep track of the latest technological advancements. Moreover, the increasing drive toward model-based approaches imposes the use of models for the development of complex systems, such as satellites. New types of methods and tools are needed in order to manage the still-growing complexity of embedded systems and their corresponding models. This paper addresses issues related to space systems (in-service) operations and proposes a multimodel approach to address them. The multimodel approach aims at facilitating the task of operational diagnosis by creating a monitoring and diagnosis-dedicated system model derived from existing system design (architecture, functional behavior, and safety) models. The purpose of the diagnosis-dedicated model is to enable the codesign of the system and its diagnosis tools in order to improve the performance of diagnosis activities and the system’s availability. This paper demonstrates the interests of the suggested approach with regard to the limitations of current practices.

Microrheology near jamming.

The jamming transition is a nonequilibrium critical phenomenon, which governs characteristic mechanical properties of jammed soft materials, such as pastes, emulsions, and granular matters. Both experiments and theory of jammed soft materials have revealed that the complex modulus measured by conventional macrorheology exhibits a characteristic frequency dependence. Microrheology is a new type of method to obtain the complex modulus, which transforms the microscopic motion of probes to the complex modulus through the generalized Stokes relation (GSR). Although microrheology has been applied to jammed soft materials, its theoretical understanding is limited. In particular, the validity of the GSR near the jamming transition is far from obvious since there is a diverging length scale lc, which characterizes the heterogeneous response of jammed particles. Here, we study the microrheology of jammed particles by theory and numerical simulation. First, we develop a linear response formalism to calculate the response function of the probe particle, which is transformed to the complex modulus via the GSR. Then, we apply our formalism to a numerical model of jammed particles and find that the storage and loss modulus follow characteristic scaling laws near the jamming transition. Importantly, the observed scaling law coincides with that in macrorheology, which indicates that the GSR holds even near the jamming transition. We rationalize this equivalence by asymptotic analysis of the obtained formalism and numerical analysis on the displacement field of jammed particles under a local perturbation.

Classification model with collinear grouping of features

ABSTRACT Pattern recognition procedures operate on data represented as sets of multidimensional feature vectors. A small sample of data appears when the dimension of the feature vectors (number of features) is much larger than the number of feature vectors (objects). Small datasets often emerge in practice, for example in genetics. The design of classification or prognostic models on small data sets requires the development of new types of methods. Methods based on L 1 geometry can play an important role in this regard.

Study on Seismic Performance of Connecting Prefabricated Coupling Beam and Shear Wall with Equivalent Bars

This study proposes a new type of method for the connection of the prefabricated coupling beam and shear wall to solve the problems in the construction of assembled frame‐shear wall structures. To investigate the seismic properties of this new type of assembled coupling beam, experiments with 2 groups of test pieces under low‐period cycling loads were completed. Furthermore, this study studied some important influence factors. Results show that this novel coupling beam has a similar performance to the cast‐in‐place coupling beam. The bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of cast‐in‐place structures increase with the increase in end block thickness and the ductility inversely, yet the bearing capacity, seismic energy dissipation capacity, and ductility of assembled coupling beam structure decrease with the increase in end block thickness. Numerical simulation shows that increasing the area of equivalent steel bars will increase its yield load but will also reduce the seismic energy dissipation capacity and ductility. The thicker the shear wall thickness, the higher specimen’s bearing capacity, the stronger the seismic energy dissipation capacity, and the worse the ductility is.

Automatic particle detectors lead to a new generation in plant diversity investigation

Technological progress in modern scientific development generates opportunities that create new ways to learn more about objects and systems of nature. An important indicator in choosing research methods is not only accuracy but also the time and human resources required to achieve results. This research demonstrates the possibilities of using an automatic particle detector that works based on scattered light pattern and laser-induced fluorescence for plant biodiversity investigation. Airborne pollen data were collected by two different devices, and results were analysed in light of the application for plant biodiversity observation. This paper explained the possibility to gain knowledge with a new type of method that would enable biodiversity monitoring programs to be extended to include information on the diversity of airborne particles of biological origin. It was revealed that plant conservation could be complemented by new tools to test the effectiveness of management plans and optimise mitigation measures to reduce impacts on biodiversity.

A novel efficient numerical solution of Laplace equation with mixed boundary conditions

This paper describes a new type of method to solve Laplace equation subject to mixed boundary conditions in two-dimensional domains for electrostatics. The electric potential ϕ is represented by harmonic Steklov eigenfunctions, obtained from a certain Steklov eigenproblem. Error estimates for this method are provided in terms of given boundary data of solutions. The key idea of the method is that Steklov eigenfuncitons could construct the orthonormal basis of the space of solutions. Some results of computational simulations on polygonal domains are presented to support the effectiveness of the new method.

Possibility of information encoding/decoding using the memory effect in fractional-order capacitive devices

In this study, we show that the discharge voltage pattern of a supercapacitor exhibiting fractional-order behavior from the same initial steady-state voltage into a constant resistor is dependent on the past charging voltage profile. The charging voltage was designed to follow a power-law function, i.e. v_c(t)=V_{cc} left( {t}/{t_{ss}}right) ^p ;(0<t leqslant t_{ss}), in which t_{ss} (charging time duration between zero voltage to the terminal voltage V_{cc}) and p (0<p<1) act as two variable parameters. We used this history-dependence of the dynamic behavior of the device to uniquely retrieve information pre-coded in the charging waveform pattern. Furthermore, we provide an analytical model based on fractional calculus that explains phenomenologically the information storage mechanism. The use of this intrinsic material memory effect may lead to new types of methods for information storage and retrieval.

PyPSA: Open Source Python Tool for Load Flow Study

PyPSA is a Python-based open-source tool used for load flow analysis in the power system. PyPSA (Python for load flow analysis) is a leading tool, which is convenient for simulation and optimization of the power system network. It is a free software which regulates parametric valuation along with multi-temporal analysis in the power system. The Modern power system is the integration of various devices like Generators, Transformers, Bus bar, lines Protecting devices and load connected through it. Load flow analysis is used to determine the different types of parameters in the power system i.e. Voltage Magnitude, Phase angle, Power injected, power output and losses through the power system etc. Various kind of devices is utilised in modern power system analysis. Conventionally many techniques are adopted for power System analysis i.e. Mathematical modelling of the system and then calculation. These techniques consume very much time for the calculation. But, due to the advantage of Science and Technology, different types of new methods are developed. PyPSA is one of them. These methods are accurate, fast and reliable for power system analysis. In this study, PyPSA tool is used to analyse the IEEE 12 bus system for determining the voltage magnitude across each bus.

An overview of the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper tube by SPD process

In this research, a new type of method has been proposed to deal with severe plastic deformation (SPD) with (Accumulative tube bonding expansion drawing) commonly known as the Accumulative tube bonding process. This Accumulative tube bonding expansion drawing helps in producing a (UFG) Ultrafine-grained tube in which grain size is reduced to get ultrafine material. In this research, a movable mandrel was placed inside the sample hollow tube and high fluid pressure is produced. To examined the usefulness of the proposed model a copper tube is inserted through which the microstructure and mechanical property of the proposed method is identified. For the examination, it was found that the size of the grain has decreased below 133 nm. From the outcome, it is understood that the strength increased by about 340 MPa and the yield increased by about 260 MPa after passing one test in accumulative tube bonding expansion drawing, where the initial value was found to be 70 MPa and 205 MPa respectively. The elongation of the tube reduced 40% from 50% . The massive increase in the strength is due to less ductility loss. The microhardness of the tube also increased from 60 HV to 135 HV after passing it in accumulative tube bonding expansion drawing where it showed excellent hardness.

A New Modification of Newton Method with Cubic Convergence

Newton’s method is used to find the roots of a system of equations f (x) = 0. It is one of the most important procedures in numerical analysis, and its applicability extends to differential equations and integral equations. Analysis of the method shows a quadratic convergence under certain assumptions. For several years, researchers have improved the method by proposing modified Newton methods with salutary efforts. A modification of the Newton’s method was proposed by McDougall and Wotherspoon [1] with an order of convergence of 1+ √2. On a new type of methods with cubic convergence was proposed by H. H. H. Homeier [2]. In this article, we present a new modification of Newton method based on secant method. Analysis of convergence shows that the new method is cubically convergent. Our method requires an evaluation of the function and one of its derivatives.

Balloon Dilatation Technique for prevention and treatment of soft-tissue invagination in bone transport

Soft-tissue invagination is a common complication during the process of bone transport but lacks the effective methods for the treatment and prevention. The aim of this study is to analysis the effectiveness of a new type of method, Balloon Dilatation Technique (BDT), for the treatment and prevention of soft-tissue invagination. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients (17 limbs), who underwent the BDT between July 2010 and February 2019. The BDT was used as a prevention role for 11 patients and for 6 patients as a treatment role. For all our patients, a balloon dilatator was surgically implanted in the bone gap. By injection of normal saline, the dilatator was immediately expanded during the surgery in the prevention group or was gradually expanded after surgery in the treatment group. When the saline-filled dilatator was squeezed by the bone ends, the injected saline was evacuated. The removal of the balloon dilatator was performed when the empty balloon impeded bone transport. Patient characteristics, perioperative complications, additional surgical procedures, rate of distraction, and clinical outcomes in the both of groups were recorded. The operation of dilatator implantation was performed alone without other procedures in 2 of the 6 patients in treatment group. Docking site revision was conducted at the time of dilatator removal in all patients. Soft-tissue invagination did not occur in prevention group and was successfully treated in treatment group. No major complications, such as dilatator breakage, neurovascular compromise, deep infection, flap necrosis, or invagination recurrence, were noted in the both of groups. The BDT could be considered to prevent or treat soft-tissue invagination during the process of bone transport. This study provides an effective method (BDT) to dynamically prevent or treat soft-tissue invagination during the process of bone transport. Proper patient selection and correct management of the dilatator are essential when applying this technique. Our clinical experience may contribute to better management of Ilizarov bone transport.

Linear Variance, P-splines and Neighbour Differences for Spatial Adjustment in Field Trials: How are they Related?

Nearest-neighbour methods based on first differences are an approach to spatial analysis of field trials with a long history, going back to the early work by Papadakis first published in 1937. These methods are closely related to a geostatistical model that assumes spatial covariance to be a linear function of distance. Recently, P-splines have been proposed as a flexible alternative to spatial analysis of field trials. On the surface, P-splines may appear like a completely new type of method, but closer scrutiny reveals intimate ties with earlier proposals based on first differences and the linear variance model. This paper studies these relations in detail, first focussing on one-dimensional spatial models and then extending to the two-dimensional case. Two yield trial datasets serve to illustrate the methods and their equivalence relations. Parsimonious linear variance and random walk models are suggested as a good point of departure for exploring possible improvements of model fit via the flexible P-spline framework.

Contraceptive selection and practice: Associations with self-identified race and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Many researchers and policymakers have linked contraceptive programs to improvements in women's and children's socioeconomic outcomes. However, these studies have overlooked how socioeconomic status may be an initial driver of contraceptive choice and behavior. Here, I examine the relationship between a comprehensive measure of socioeconomic disadvantage, self-identified race, and contraceptive method selection at enrollment in a unique longitudinal study of contraceptive clients who received a new type of method at no cost. I then examine whether socioeconomic disadvantage has an association with contraceptive switching or discontinuation. I demonstrate that socioeconomic disadvantage decreases the chance of selecting any IUD, while Black racial membership increases the chance of selecting the 3-month injectable and Multiracial membership increases the chance of selecting the Vaginal Ring. I then demonstrate that socioeconomic disadvantage and self-identified race have intersectional and variable associations with switching, and, to a lesser extent, discontinuing methods. These findings offer an important insight for implementation in contraceptive programs: eliminating financial barriers to access contraceptive services does not eliminate the socioeconomic contexts that influence method selection and use that occur as part of everyday lived experiences. Taken cumulatively, these results suggest that contraceptive services should be offered to women in ways that ensure access to reproductive justice without obscuring the need for social changes in the institutions that create disadvantage and shape contraceptive use itself.

Appear in Court thru Video Conferencing System: Recommendation for an Islamic Finance Perspective

Technologies applied in court is considered as a new type of method to settle dispute. Settlement of any dispute thru technology in court shall benefit all; Judges, Lawyers and parties concerned. Malaysian court especially in Sabah and Sarawak have dealt civil dispute cases thru technology approach. These development shows promising ways to decrease backlog cases that had been experienced in courts throughout the years. Hence, this paper suggested that the technology method apply in civil court particularly in Sabah and Sarawak court should adopted too in the Islamic finance disputes. It is important for everyone’s future that we study the current technology in order to develop more effective settlement for Islamic Finance dispute for Malaysia.

(Invited) Building up a Multi-Channel Flow System to Analyze Cellular Mechanical Behavior Utilizing Dynamic Network of Microtubule Gel Driven By Kinesins

Living cell has active skeletons which consist of fibrous assembly of unit proteins accompanied with dynamic interaction of various proteins. These so-called cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and microtubule can dynamically assemble and disassemble in the network structures. Motor proteins which can walk on the specific cytoskeletal proteins generate driving forces, which lead to deformation at macroscopic, i.e. cell scale, through their cooperative behaviors assisted by various binding proteins which allow modulation of stability and elasticity of the network structure. Therefore, the cell can be regarded as a highly functional active gel which can autonomously reassemble and deform. According to such the dynamic nature, cells show various responses also in mechanical manners against various environmental stimuli. Our understanding on the behaviors of cells against mechanical environments must be necessary for comprehensive elucidation of the mechanism on cellular dynamics which play pivotal roles in important phenomena such as cancer metastasis and tissue organization. To understand the response of cells for mechanical input, methods to give mechanical stimuli have been reported such as point-wise stimuli with use of atomic force microscope, hydrodynamic stimuli by flowing liquid medium, stretching of elastic substrates for adhering cells and so on. Considering a cell that is surrounded by other cells in living organism, it can be assumed that deformations of the surrounding cells are working as mechanical stimuli, since individual cells in the group may deform and/or migrate autonomously. There, mechanical stimuli which are multidirectional at cell scale and act in a multi-point simultaneous manner should exist, however method to give such a mechanical stimulus of micro-fluctuation to cells has been lacked. Thus, we had been motivated to realize a method to give such mechanical stimuli to live cells. Assuming that the group of cells that is providing a dynamic mechanical environment can be regarded as a kind of active gel, we had decided to employ cytoskeletal protein and motor protein to build up active gels, expecting that the physical properties such as power, velocity and elasticity are comparable to cells. Microtubule and kinesin are representative cytoskeletal protein and the motor protein of cells, and method to reproduce movement of these proteins in vitro has been well established as a technique of biophysics. To realize multidirectional movements at cell scale, the microtubules were chemically crosslinked to gel form to integrate the driving force of kinesins on a solid substrate. As the networked microtubule has successfully showed fluctuating motions at micrometer scale, we modified the liquid condition to allow the coexistence of living cells. By seeding metastatic cancer cell on to the substrate modified with this dynamic microtubule network, we had found that the mechanically stimulated cells showed unique morphology which was reminiscent of metastatic behavior of the cancer cells, however, the quantitative analysis was limited due to the technical difficulty in getting desirable success rate for sample preparation. With manual operation of the liquids, flow rate of the sample into chamber was largely fluctuated and it often caused failure with bubbles. To overcome this problem, here we built up an automated pump controlled multi-channel flow system using common and cheap materials, and it allowed quantitative analysis. Detailed condition and the results will be discussed on our presentation in this symposium. Conventional cell culture dish that is made of solid and transparent materials has been allowed us to observe cellular behavior precisely in vitro under microscope. However, the environment in vivo surrounding cells has many different aspects compared to such the dishes. To reduce the gap, attempts to giving a cell-like property to cell culturing substrates have been reported focusing on the passive and active physical properties of the cellular environments. Our approach with microtubule gel could be a candidate for a new type of method to characterize dynamic nature of cells quantitatively, which is beneficial to diagnose metastatic cancer cells

A New Correntropy-Based Conjugate Gradient Backpropagation Algorithm for Improving Training in Neural Networks.

Mean square error (MSE) is the most prominent criterion in training neural networks and has been employed in numerous learning problems. In this paper, we suggest a group of novel robust information theoretic backpropagation (BP) methods, as correntropy-based conjugate gradient BP (CCG-BP). CCG-BP algorithms converge faster than the common correntropy-based BP algorithms and have better performance than the common CG-BP algorithms based on MSE, especially in nonGaussian environments and in cases with impulsive noise or heavy-tailed distributions noise. In addition, a convergence analysis of this new type of method is particularly considered. Numerical results for several samples of function approximation, synthetic function estimation, and chaotic time series prediction illustrate that our new BP method is more robust than the MSE-based method in the sense of impulsive noise, especially when SNR is low.

Paired versions of various sensory discrimination forced-choice methods and the same-different area theorem

This paper proposes a new type of sensory discrimination methods, i.e., paired versions of various sensory discrimination forced-choice methods, which can be regarded as modified versions of the same-different method. The new type of methods possesses the advantage of the same-different test for measuring overall sensory difference, but overcomes its weaknesses of large variations of response bias and lower testing power. An important finding is that this type of methods is closely related to the same-different area theorem and its extension. The same-different area theorem establishes an equivalence between the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the same-different method and the proportion of correct responses (Pc) in the dual-pair method. This paper re-demonstrates and extends the same-different area theorem. An analytical expression of a general psychometric function for the new type of methods is derived. Performances of the new type of methods are evaluated with testing power and sample size in both difference and similarity/equivalence tests. R codes are provided for the new type of methods for Pc, Thurstonian discriminal distance δ, and variance of d′, where d′ is an estimator of δ.

The evolutionary traverse: a causal analysis.

This paper explores the process of adaptation to new methods in a simple model where the growth rate of labour supply is exogenously given and constant. It shows that competition for a primary input in short supply changes the mechanism of adaptation and its consequences: If surplus labour exists, differential capacity accumulation effectuates adaptation and leads to a logistic replacement pattern; but if labour is in short supply, ‘growth predation’ undermines the former mechanism and leads to an exponential replacement pattern. The consequences of the quantitative adjustment mechanisms for aggregate growth are discussed by means of a ‘causal analysis’, which focuses on the properties of the traverse between two full-employment steady states. The analysis reveals that different types of new methods lead to different adaptation paths and results. Overall, adaptation entails unsteady growth and it is not always the case that the diffusion of a new method boosts aggregate growth.

About Tolerance Development in Future Social Workers at University as a Professionally Important Quality

Background/Objectives: The authors analyze the results of diagnostic techniques which reflect the level of development (formedness) of the particular components of the professionally-communicative tolerance in the graduates majoring in “Social work”. Methods: At many universities of modern Russia teachers work out and test new types of methods and techniques of tolerance development in the future social workers as a professionally important quality of the specialists of “helping” profile. During personal and business contacts with clients of various ages, social, professional, ethnic, religious groups a social worker must show socio-psychological tolerance. Findings: To understand the peculiarities of developing professionally-communicative tolerance in future social workers at university, the authors have investigated the psychological mechanisms of this phenomenon formation among boys and girls aged from 17 to 23 (students of Russian universities (universities in Moscow, Krasnodar, Kursk, Sochi, Anapa) majoring in “Social work”). The results show that there is a strong functional interaction between tolerance development among students (future social workers) and their individual, age and gender features. Applications: The article presents recommendations for individually-oriented work of the high school teachers with students during the curricular practical training social services which contribute to the professionally-communicative tolerance development of the future social workers.