New Type Of Development Research Articles

Suburban bubbles: emerging suburban gated communities in the Prague Urban Region

Gated communities, which physically embody prestige and exclusivity through their security features and gating practices, started proliferating in the United States and were subsequently copied by other countries worldwide. However, even when replicated, the suburban gated communities in the Prague Urban Region differ in terms of size and the function of their security features and gating practices. Applying the typology of Blakely and Snyder, the research results propose a new type of development: the bubble community. This term refers to social separation with rather weak and temporary enclosure practices. The research findings indicate that bubble communities are usually small developments with weak gating practices and security features, where residents prefer to live in their own small social bubbles. Analyzing data acquired from extensive field mapping, field survey, and photo documentation, the research focuses on the physical distribution and spatial and physical characteristics of the two surrounding administrative districts: Prague-West and Prague-East.

“Green” economy as a new type of development: situation and future of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article analyzes the features of the development of the “green” economy in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan's energy sector needs deep modernization to meet growing energy needs and solve environmental problems, as the progress is hampered by outdated technologies. The capabilities of wind energy and traditional energy sources were compared. The authors have argued that the key factor in using “green” business in Kazakhstan is the need to reduce the negative impact of energy on the environment. This study confirms that renewable energy sources are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Currently, the specific capital investments required for the construction of renewable energy facilities are equivalent to those required for traditional energy. However, there is a noticeable trend of increasing financial costs for equipment for traditional energy and decreasing for alternative energy. It is clear, that the sustainable development requires government support. Including renewable energy sources in a competitive energy market has a great value and importance. From an economic point of view, alternative energy sources are currently more cost-effective than traditional ones. From an environmental perspective, the competitiveness of renewable energy sources is affected by increasing pollution and waste disposal costs associated with nuclear power. Furthermore, from a political point of view, a country's energy potential directly affects its economic potential, so the development of alternative energy strengthens both political independence and national security.

A Review of Research on the Impact Mechanisms of Green Development in the Transportation Industry

Green development in the transportation industry is a new type of development. As the huge energy consumption and carbon emissions generated by the transportation industry have caused many environmental problems, the healthy and environmentally friendly mode of industrial development has received more and more attention. However, the quantification of green development in the transportation industry varies in terms of boundaries, scope, and methods. Due to digital empowerment, the degree of influence and direction of the factors affecting the green development are not fixed. The prediction of future development prospects is relatively single-minded, lacking a comprehensive simulation scenario setting from multiple perspectives. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of green development of the transportation industry from three aspects: development performance assessment, influence mechanism analysis, and development path exploration. After a critical analysis, this study concludes that (1) a clear methodology is needed to assess the direct and indirect non-desired output results of the transportation industry; (2) considering the endogenization of the level of technology, the influence of the interaction between the influencing factors, etc., on the degree and direction of the role of the factors, a more scientific econometric model should be established for in-depth discussion; (3) resident travel options are an important factor affecting environmental issues in transportation. Carbon emission projections and analyses of emission reduction scenarios should integrate the multiple possibilities of residential preferences and policy incentives. The findings of this paper provide valuable references to the energy saving and emission reduction goals of the transportation industry, and the coordinated development of the industry and the economy.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF INTRODUCTION OF NEW BANKING SERVICES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

Application of new innovative digital technologies in commercial banks in a scientific article. A new approach to creating an innovative new type of Development of new banking products with high value for the client, which can satisfy the needs of clients, and elimination of "pains", that is, obstacles and solutions to problems that arise in the process of creating new products. Cases related to the theoretical basis of the organization of innovative activity in the packaging of new types of services "packaged", that is, in the process of purchasing one product, which allows the use of several new types of services in products with different prices, have been considered product, that is, introducing modern types of services that help customers meet their real needs.

Activating building land as joint task in the Stuttgart region action programmes for residential and commercial land as elements of sustainable regional development

ABSTRACT Prospering Stuttgart Region is facing a continuous population growth. Additional housing land is needed as densification and urban infill alone will not be sufficient. There is, however, an increasing skepticism about any type of new development. As local referendums on land use plans are possible in the state of Baden-Württemberg, plan proposals may be rejected. The assembly of the regional planning authority has decided on measures to encourage local authorities to make building land available. The package includes the use of instruments that go beyond statutory planning and comprises investment in local public transport and business development.

The Environmental Impact on Human Wellbeing: A Case Study on Residences in Quarry Area

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is compulsory in all types of new development. EIA is important to ensure that biological diversity is maintained and that development will not have any affect on the people and other species in that area. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental impact on human wellbeing in the vicinity of quarrying. It will increase the awareness of the local population of the important factors that might affect the quality of their lives. A set of questionnaires was distributed to the community at Bandar Saujana Putra and Taman Kajang Perdana, in Selangor. A total of 60 residents were involved in the study. The results reveal that the community was concerned about health conditions and safety. However, there is still a lack of strategies to mitigate the problem. This study provides suggestions for mitigation that could be considered by the residents to reduce the effect of poor air quality caused by incorrect control and monitoring of activities in the area. It is anticipated that this study could assist both residents and authorities in improving the quality of the air as well as the residents’ quality of life.

SOCIALIZATION OF EDUCATION AS A MEANS OF CHANGE OF THE PARADIGM OF SUBJECTS DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF ECONOMY

This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scope of a scientific discussion on the issue of socialization of education as a means of the paradigm of the efficiency of managing the agrarian sector of the economy. The main purpose of the study is to highlight the peculiarities in the development of the socialization of education and its impact on the development of subjects in the agrarian sector. It is shown that the role of higher education institutions is not only in the providing of educational services, but also in informing higher education graduates of values recognized in society, and integration of youth in society. It is proved that in higher education institutions it is possible, through their main functions, to promote the ideas of social responsibility that contribute to the balance of peace, and well-being in society. The research of this issue in the article is carried out in the following way: domestic and foreign experience; affiliation to a generation and educational process; formation of skills of socially oriented direction; the dominant tendencies of socially oriented development in higher education institutions of Ukraine; integration and effective development on the basis of holistic development as a new type of development of society. The research used the following methodological methods: historical and logical (study of theoretical views on the essence of socialization of education), monographic (studying the peculiarities of formation and best practices of the development of socialization of education in other countries of the world), system-structural analysis and synthesis (studying and generalization of structural proportions and shifts in the socialization of education of subjects of the agrarian sector of the economy). The study period covers the years 1922-2020. The article presents the results of empirical analysis and the importance of the socialization of education as a new paradigm in the development of society, as well as generalized modern scientific approaches to its formation. It is substantiated that on the basis of socialization of education, a close relationship with the level of moral development of the personality of a future specialist is formed. It is proved that higher education institutions in the process of their own activities bear direct and indirect social responsibility for the effective use of public resources, ensuring the unity of education and upbringing, the inclusion of learners of higher education and academia, research and teaching staff in a variety of social practices (their social responsibility).

Measures taken by Russian universities to perform the sustainable development goals in the framework of the third mission

The paper describes the measures taken by Russian universities to implement the Sustainable Development Goals proclaimed by the United Nations in 2015. These goals are in line with the Third Mission activities of a modern university. The core argument is that an environmentally sound interaction should be formed in the depths of educational ecosystems, resulting in an ecological culture. It is advisable to start the transition to a new type of development at universities, since only in this case Russian technologies will eventually meet the environmental requirements. The paper considers the initiatives of the leading Russian universities to introduce economic and social changes aimed at satisfying the needs not only of the living, but also of the future generations [1].

Concepción y el proyecto de ciudad inteligente. Brechas, oportunidades y desafíos

This research identifies the gaps in the city of Concepcion today compared to a future smart city in relation to with the specialized literature and national agenda that drives CORFO. In this way, it seeks to explain the new type of development of cities and how a new territorial management would impact the lives of its inhabitants. Conception in addition to being recently chosen as the best city to live nationally, presents necessary conditions for the implementation of a smart city model in it. Representatives such as CORFO's director and director of community planning participated in the investigation delivering their experience, diagnosis and projections in relationship with the community innovation project. The review of these experiences has concluded that there are comparative advantages in Concepcion and gaps that require the development of meet the necessary conditions in the implementation of a smart city are: public-private partnerships, social capital and innovation-oriented government.

Cultural Memory and Urban Space in Shaping Cultural Identity

Nowadays, in the age of massive spatial transformations in the built environment, cities witness a new type of development, different in size, scale and momentum that has been thriving since late 20th century. Diverse transformation of historic cities under modernisation has led to concerns in terms of the space and time continuity disintegration and the preservation of historic cities. In a similar approach, we can state that city and city space do not only consist of present, they also consist of the past; they include the transformations, relations, values, struggles and tensions of the past. As it could be defined, space is the history itself. Currently, we would like to display how Chernivtsi cultural and architectural heritage is perceived and maintained in the course of its evolution. Noteworthy, Chernivtsi city is speculated a condensed human existence and vibes, with public urban space and its ascriptions are its historical archives and sacred memory. Throughout the history, CHERNIVTSI’s urban landscape has changed, while preserving its unique and distinctive spirit of diversity, multifacetedness and tolerance. The city squares of the Austrian, Romanian and Soviet epochs were crammed with statuary of royal elites and air of aristocracy, soviet leaders and a shade of patriotic obsession, symbolic animals and sacred piety – that eventually shaped its unique “Bukovynian supranational identity”.
 Keywords: Chernivtsi, cultural memory, memory studies, monuments, squares, identity.

Formation of the policy of Soviet power in the housing issue in the 20’s of XX century

In this publication formation of policy of Bolsheviks of rather housing question is considered. Housing policies of the Soviet power – some kind of unique experiment in the sphere of housing which had no analogs in the world and was conducted at the beginning of the XX century with an exception of a private ownership on the earth and the real estate, with change of a control system of housing and activity of people, formation of labor and household collectives, with development of state and departmental form of ownership on housing. All these processes happened in the uniform ideological field, in uniform political and welfare borders. Article purpose – not only to analyse theories which influenced formation of policy of Bolsheviks in a housing question, but also to track the embodiment them in life of the Soviet society.On the basis of the new approaches caused by the need for more objective estimates of historical heritage under conditions of democratization public lives the population life kommunization problem and also policy of Bolsheviks of rather housing question is investigated and reinterpreted. Process of change of old inhabited economy on anti-market destroyed house owners and apartments owners, liquidated old and created new types of development of living space, resisted to private individual housing. K. Marx, F. Engels and V. Lenin’s views of strategy and tactics of new anti-capitalist housing policies are considered. It is proved that housing policies in the 20-th years of the 20th century represented set of discriminatory and protectionist measures which created conditions for formation and existence of household collectives. The beginning of real practical actions for implementation of housing policies of Bolsheviks needs to be counted from the moment of adoption of the first decrees which cardinally changed the nature of a land ownership and the real estate. Housing policies of the Soviet power affected many processes which happened in society: from moral and ethical aspects of life in family before creation of «sotsgorodok» of future society. Thereof the earth and a housing stock, stopping being a purchase sale subject, turned into means of the state distribution, and as a result – into means of administrative and political influence.

The development of non-linear knowledge: New risks, vulnerabilities, and hopes

The article considers the non-linear knowledge as the result of the ‘arrow of time’ effect (I. Prigogine) that determined the new realities in which everything develops increasingly quicker and in a more complex way. The author extends the impact of this effect to the dynamics of knowledge and shows that the modern knowledge acquires the quality of reflexivity and takes on a completely new vector of non-linear development within the so-called ‘turns’ in the history of science. The transition from linear to non-linear knowledge determines more complex manufactured risks including the threat of dehumanization described in the article. The monitoring of these risks implies that the value-oriented non-linear knowledge should be taken into account not only by natural, technical and social sciences but also by the humanities. Among new challenges to the humanity there are vulnerabilities manifested in the increasing structural dysfunctions of complex social and/or techno-natural systems in the form of ‘normal accidents’, ‘collateral damage’, etc. The author believes that key challenges of such vulnerabilities are determined by the dominant pragmatic values of modern knowledge. There is also a new type of development in the form of metamorphosis leading to non-linear transformations, which aggravates the complex character of modern risks and vulnerabilities. The author finds answers to these challenges in the humanistic turn that can ensure the valid knowledge of complex risks and vulnerabilities together with the grounds for better future that people want.

Does zoning help or hinder transit-oriented (re)development?

Despite its reputation as a car-oriented city, the Los Angeles metropolitan area has made substantial investments in developing rail transit since 1990. Most new stations were added to an already dense built environment, with auto-oriented zoning and established land use patterns. In this paper we ask whether redevelopment is occurring around Los Angeles rail stations, and whether zoning and related policies are facilitating or constraining transit-oriented development. We conduct case studies of five stations, documenting zoning near stations, as well as the amount and type of new development after stations opened. Results illustrate that incompatible zoning and related land use policies may constrain growth near stations, but TOD-friendly zoning alone is not sufficient to spur development.

Entrepreneurial public real estate policy: The case of Eiranranta, Helsinki

Finnish cities own a significant amount of land, and used to allocate it free of charge for schools, day care centres and libraries. Today they tend either to sell the land they own or when leasing to charge market rent. Selling public land is justified by arguing that it brings money to the city, and charging market rent is claimed to make the use of real estate more “efficient”. This article investigates this new policy we call entrepreneurial public real estate policy. We focus on its justification and effects on the production of the built environment. Our case is a residential area called Eiranranta, located on the prestigious southern shore of Helsinki, where the City of Helsinki sold land to private developers who built a residential area for wealthy homeowners. Our analysis shows unintended and harmful consequences of this entrepreneurial public real estate policy. First, by selling the land to private developers who developed the area for homeowners, the City ceded its planning power with no demands that the area should include social housing. Second, by selling public land to private developers who managed to sell the apartments they built at record high prices, the City reinforced the trend of excluding from the city those who cannot enter the housing market. Lastly, a private fenced residential area exclusively for high net-worth individuals that was developed on the privatized land introduces a new type of development to Helsinki that has so far been absent in a Northern welfare city.

Vineyard landscapes in Italy: cases of territorial requalification and governance strategies

The success of a food product is also the success of the territory that produced it. Based on this idea, we address the connection between landscape and quality wine in order to promote new sustainable development of rural territories. We use regulatory plans for ‘Wine Cities’ of Bomporto, Pramaggiore and San Martino sulla Marrucina (Italy) to highlight the ability of new urban-planning instruments to deal with different aspects relating to quality food and agriculture. The goal of the plans is to improve and renew the rural territory. Based on the Wine City Guidelines, the local urban plans for these towns provide useful indications, suggestions and rules for territorial improvement and transformation by way of enhancing the rural landscape and quality wine production. In promoting this new type of development, these plans encourage the direct involvement of local communities and manufacturing companies in sharing and promoting common objectives and development strategies.

Viviparity of larvae, a new type of development in phoronids (Lophophorata: Phoronida).

A new type of phoronid development, viviparity of larvae, has been discovered in a new phoronid species that lives as a commensal of digging sand shrimps in Vostok Bay, the Sea of Japan. The embryos develop in the mother's trunk coelom up to the young larva stage. During development, embryos increase in size twice and probably obtain nutriment from the mother's coelomic fluid. Spawning occurs by young larvae, which are released through nephridiopores. The new type of development is described in a phoronid that has a small body size but a high fertility, producing large amounts of extremely small eggs. The combination of viviparity and large number of eggs increases the number of competent larvae that can undergo metamorphosis in the burrows of shrimps.

Does Zoning Help or Hinder Transit-Oriented (Re)Development?

Despite its reputation as a car-oriented city, the Los Angeles metropolitan area has made substantial investments in developing rail transit since 1990. In cities with older “legacy” rail systems, the built environment has developed over time around fixed transit infrastructure, creating land use patterns oriented towards long-standing rail stations. By contrast, rail stations in Los Angeles were added to an already dense built environment, with auto oriented zoning and established land use patterns. In this paper we ask whether redevelopment is occurring around Los Angeles’ rail stations, and whether zoning and related public policies are facilitating or constraining transit-oriented development. We conduct case studies of six Metro rail stations in the Los Angeles region, documenting the existing built environment, key components of zoning and land use planning, and the extent and type of new development in the immediate vicinity of stations after they opened. Results illustrate that redevelopment around transit stations involves complex interactions between physical environment, economic conditions and public interventions. Incompatible zoning and related land use policies may constrain growth near stations, but TOD-friendly zoning alone is not sufficient to spur development.

Understanding patent eligibility of new technology in the United States

As entirely new technologies have developed over the past two centuries, US patent law has struggled with questions over whether that type of technology should be protectable by patent grants, and if so, to what extent. Historically, this issue was presented with the development of life-changing technologies like the telegraph and telephones. More recently, the challenge has been presented with the development of computers and software, financial innovation, the Internet and e-commerce applications. We also see these challenges arising in the life sciences with new methods to diagnose and treat diseases, as well as the isolation and mutation of human and animal genes to create new medical treatments. These types of new development have always presented a theoretical strain on the underlying rationale for the US patent system, and today is no exception. This article seeks to provide some guidance on the current state of the law, with its evolving and constantly changing standards, and provide tips and best practices on how to navigate the turbulent waters for determining patent-eligibility.

Nanotechnology: Improving Clinical Testing?

The modern-day clinical laboratory has evolved in response to clinical demands and a need to adopt a steady stream of new technologies. Among the technological innovations that have had a large impact are computing and informatics, automation, antibody-based analytical methods, nucleic acid sequencing and probing techniques, sensor technology, and luminescence-based sensing techniques, such as chemiluminescence and fluorescence. The changing landscape of healthcare provides a continuing stimulus to the evolution of clinical testing, both in central laboratories and at the point of care. Progress in miniaturization has created devices with micrometer-sized features designed to perform a range of assays and that integrate all of the steps in an assay onto a single small device—the so-called lab-on-a-chip. The next step in miniaturization is the descent from the micrometer scale to the nanometer scale and the exploitation of nanotechnology—nanosized structures in the interval from 1 to 100 nm. Nanotechnology is now a major area of research and development. Many applications for nanosized materials (e.g., nanoparticles) have emerged in in vitro diagnostics, imaging, and therapeutics. In common with many types of new development, the arrival of nanotechnology has been heralded by considerable hype about its potential and future promise, but these high expectations have been tempered by concerns over the technology's safety (1). This new technological area is multifaceted and already has found extensive applications in >1000 consumer products (http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/nanotechnology.html; http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/). In clinical testing, 2 avenues of exploitation that have emerged are the use of nanoscale materials as reagents (e.g., nanoparticle labels and therapeutic agents) (2, 3) and the development of nanoscale devices (e.g., nanopores) (4). The latter is a distant prospect, and most work has centered on the former application. In this Q&A, Dawn Bonnell, Amit Kulkarni, Joseph Wang, Yuri Miyahara, and David Ure, experts in the field of nanotechnology, answer …

Socio-Economic Effects of Agri-Tourism on Local Communities in Turkey: The Case of Aglasun

This research aims to investigate the main socio-economic effects of agri-tourism on local community of Aglasun village in Burdur, Turkey. The study tries to give a perspective on the development of agri-tourism in Turkey and has a purpose of focusing on the social and economical dynamics of the host-guest encounters by pointing out the linkage between agriculture and tourism as a growing importance among tourism scholars. According to the interview results, economic benefits of agri-tourism have not been observed yet, since it is a new type of development in the region. Some dimensions of social effects such as tourist contact and cultural exchange are more observable than the others such as eating&drinking habits or clothing habits. Since there is not not any fully developed agri-touristic village in Turkey, the study is going to focus on the future expectations, long term benefits and perceptions on agri-tourism.