New Production Technologies Research Articles

Analysis of recycling of non-ferrous metals as a part of recycling of sea-going ships

The object of research is the processes of recycling non-ferrous metals in the recycling of sea-going ships. Recycling is the main direction for development of non-ferrous metallurgy. As the world experience shows, the use of secondary raw materials is more economically effective and environmentally safer than the use of primary resources. One of the most problematic places is the lack of recycling and modern environmental recycling technologies in Ukraine. In the study, the analysis method was used to study the dynamics of copper production in the world and the method of classification when considering the properties, the use of non-ferrous metals in shipbuilding, and also when identifying potential consumers of non-ferrous metals . In paper the analysis of properties of non-ferrous metals used in ship-building is carried out, their application in a ship design is shown. The analysis of enterprises of Ukraine, which are the main potential consumers of non-ferrous metals, as recyclables, is carried out. The largest non-ferrous metal processing plant in Ukraine – OJSC «Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant» (Bakhmut) – uses only non-ferrous scrap as its raw material. The rationale for the role of secondary scrap in the development of the production of non-ferrous metals in Ukraine is obtained. The dynamics of copper production in the world is analyzed. It is emphasized that the methodology used in Ukraine for assessing the benefits of different recycling classes is obsolete and does not allow correctly calculating the revenue and expenditure parts and assessing the risks. Due to the changes in the integrated approach in assessing the economic efficiency of the use of new technologies in production, the adoption of the state program for the recycling of sea-going ships can provide an increase in annual profits, the period of recoupment of costs, profitability, and the percentage of non-ferrous metal recycling.

The Value of Innovation in Nanotechnology

This paper introduces and discusses a comprehensive valuation model, developed for the Shyman (Sustainable Hydrothermal Manufacturing of Nanomaterials) project, which researched and implemented new technologies in nanomaterial production and application. Combining various analytical methods, including a recursive form of life cycle costing (LCC), as well as statistical simulation (Monte Carlo) and real options, a high Net Advantage to Innovating (NAI) has been identified in the industry. This result is strongly biased in favour of end-product innovators. Nevertheless, the hydrothermal synthesis-based nanomaterial production process benefits from its high degree of flexibility, i.e. option to switch, with a significant value premium arising due to outsize dynamics and uncertainty in the nanoindustry. More generally, this research contributes to the highly current topic of quantitative value-based analysis in innovative industries and develops a viable methodology that can facilitate capital budgeting decisions related to innovations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.28.5.16770

Study on dynamic characteristics of hydraulic pumping unit on offshore platform

A new technology of offshore oil rod pumping production is developed for offshore heavy oil recovery. A new type of miniature hydraulic pumping unit with long-stroke, low pumping speed and compact structure is designed based on the spatial characteristics of offshore platforms. By combining the strengths of sinusoidal velocity curve and trapezoidal velocity curve, a kinematical model of the acceleration, the velocity and displacement of the pumping unit’s hanging point is established. The results show that the pumping unit has good kinematic characteristics of smooth motion and small dynamic load. The multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the single-well pumping unit is established. The first and second order natural frequencies of the sucker rod string subsystem and the pumping unit subsystem are studied. The results show that the first and the second order natural frequencies among the pumping rod string, pumping unit-platform subsystem and the dynamic excitation have differences over 5 times from each other, indicating that resonance phenomenon will not appear during the operation and the dynamic requirements for field use are met in the system.

A photo-assisted microbial electrolysis cell for the exclusive biohydrogen production using a MoS2-coated p-type copper oxide

A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been regarded as an emerging new technology for the biohydrogen production from various organic substances, even from wastewater. One major problem is, however, that methane dominates produced gases in a long-term operation. Here we report that a photo-assisted MEC (PAMEC) is an efficient way to produce hydrogen with a p-type semiconductor cathode. When Cu2O coated with MoS2 as cocatalyst (MoS2/Cu2O) is employed, only hydrogen with essentially no methane and carbon dioxide was produced from acetate at −0.8 V bias under visible light illumination at a rate of 2.72 m3H2 m−3d−1. No appreciable performance degradation is observed over 50 days of operation. At lower bias voltage, methane and carbon dioxide begins to be produced. Energy efficiency based on input electricity and hydrogen yield are 225% and 3.4, respectively. This excellent feature of PAMEC is attributed to p-type semiconductor characteristics of Cu2O and proton reduction activity of MoS2. Electrons generated from acetate oxidation at the anode are photoexcited to the conduction band at the Cu2O acquiring enough reduction potential to reduce protons. The concept of PAMEC can be extended to wastewater treatment for the hydrogen production.

Timber - Material of the Future - Examples of Small Wooden Architectural Structures

The aim of this article is to present various types of wood-based products, classified as engineered timber, while specifying the implications of their structural properties for their forms. Timber is used as a construction material due to its fire resistance, good structural characteristics and insulating properties. The advent of new technologies of wood processing and wood-based materials production has converted timber into a high-tech material, thus encouraging the architects to consider it ever more often in their projects. As wooden technologies overcome constraints, timber begins to compete with steel and concrete. The design characteristics of new wood-based products allow wooden structures to be higher, have larger spans, and more diverse forms than ever. Wood-based materials include materials made of solid wood, veneers, strand, and wood which, due to its inferior quality, would otherwise be unfit for constructions. Elements and layers of these products are glued using different kinds of strong and water-resistant adhesives. The article presents the history of development of new wood technologies, discussing increasingly popular wood-based materials such as glued laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, or structural composite lumber. The paper analyses their technical and fire-resistance properties, and points to ecological aspect, as factors contributing to the growing popularity of these materials. Finally, the timber’s characteristics are contrasted with those of steel and concrete. The article lists examples of wooden objects representing the so-called small architecture structures from across Europe. They illustrate the potential, the uniqueness and the versatility that wood-based materials offer for constructors and architects. All these features form sufficient grounds for stating that timber truly is a construction material of the 21st century.

Process of Shaped Metal Billets Production from Compositions Based on Iron Powder, Iron Oxide, and Binder

A new technology of metal billets production by molding and thermal treatment of compositions based on iron powders of medium dispersion, fine powders of iron oxide, and the thermosetting binder, which provides for the required physical and mechanical properties of the material, is proposed. It is found that, at a certain concentration and dispersion of the components of the solid phase, the injection and direct compression molding of parts of complex shape (similar to the MIM-technology) is possible at pressures from 70 MPa to 100 MPa ensuring uniform density over the cross section. The established stages of thermal treatment of compositions, thermal behavior and protective medium ensuring uniformity of products, and chemical composition of the product material are presented in the paper. The experimental and theoretical studies of the dimensional accuracy of steel products obtained by the developed technology were carried out, and it was discovered that the produced parts were of the precision of steel parts produced by MIM-technology.

Beneficiation of Vanadium and Titanium Oxides by Using Selective Extraction of Iron in Low-Titanium Magnetite Concentrate

Issues with existing vanadium beneficiation stimulate the development of new technologies for wasteless production of vanadium. The present work investigates a possibility of beneficiation of vanadium and titanium oxides in a low-titanium magnetite concentrate by using selective reduction and extraction of iron. Iron was selectively reduced by coal without melting and separated from the oxide (slag) phase during further smelting operation. After the liquid-phase separation vanadium and titanium oxides were accumulated in a slag phase. The following products were produced: slag, containing vanadium and titanium oxides, and iron with relatively low carbon content. The content of vanadium and titanium in a final product has increased in comparison to the initial concentrate.

Review on Compressed Hydrogen as Contemporary Renewable Energy Resource

Economic and ecological aspects of hydrogen use and analyzes of its characteristics for possible use as an alternative, renewable resource are presented in this work together with methods of its production, compression and transport, including experimental methodology of nanocapillaries. Due to the high price of its production technology, use of compressed hydrogen is limited nowadays. Numerous researches identify the most efficient ways of hydrogen production and storage that can be economically highly competitive at market. New advanced technologies of hydrogen production, together with extent of the photo-biological, photo-electrical and thermo-chemical use, could be used but, for now, are not neither acceptable nor have economic benefits. At the same time, innovation of classical methods of hydrogen storage highlight that most probably metal hydrides, respectively the newest technology of carbonate nanocapillaries and glassy microspheres, could be used. As one of the major challenges was identified establishment of hydrogen in the transport field, as a replacement for a fuel in the internal combustion engines, respectively as the fuel for driven fuel cells. Price of hydrogen limits the wider use of the fuel cell technology even thought is developed enough to be introduced in the commercial vehicles.

Decoring Behaviour of Chosen Moulding Materials with Alkali Silicate Based Inorganic Binders

Abstract This paper contains basic information about new processes for cores for cylinder heads production with alkali silicate based inorganic binders. Inorganic binders are coming back to the foreground due to their ecologically friendly nature and new technologies for cores production and new binder systems were developed. Basically these binder systems are modified alkali silicates and therefore they carry some well-known unfavourable properties with their usage. To compensate these disadvantages, the binder systems are working with additives which are most often in powder form and are added in the moulding material. This paper deals with decoring behaviour of different moulding sands as well as the influence of chosen additives on knock-out properties in laboratory terms. For this purpose, specific methods of specimen production are described. Developed methods are then used to compare decoring behaviour of chosen sands and binder systems.

Is RMB appreciation a nightmare for the Chinese firms? An analysis on firm profitability and exchange rate

Using the matched sample from the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (ASIF) and Chinese customs data during 2000–2006, this paper investigates firms' responses, including export activity and profitability, to the RMB exchange rate movement. It is found that although RMB appreciation decreases firm exports, it improves firm profitability. We address several possible channels to explain this counter-intuitive finding, including productivity enhancement, import costs reduction and export structure upgrading. We find that the import costs reduction and export structure upgrading are reasons that RMB appreciation leads to higher firm profitability, but there is no evidence to support the productivity channel. Furthermore, export structure upgrading is primarily based on improving technology in new products rather than changing the export structure of continued products.

Effect of alcohol on bards agrochemical soil properties

The influence of distillery stillage doses on the yield of wheatgrass hay on agrochemical properties of soils in general is considered in the article. The most effective dose of distillery stillage under existing conditions is revealed. Nitrogen is the decisive factor for the yield of the crops. Widespread deficiency of nitrogen represents scientific and practical interest for the agro-chemistry studying transformation of nitrogen in soil-fertilizer-plant system for the purpose of increase in efficiency of crops quality in the biological relation. Increase in the main production of distilleries and conse-quently in waste products of the spirit industry, low demand from cattle breeders on the distillery stillage (feeding of cattle with distillery stillage is precisely connected with seasons, i.e. it is fed, mainly, during the stall period) has led to the fact that nearly 50% of it could not be sold. Development and deployment of new waste-free technologies of production of alcohol will demand a lot of time and expenses, and the unused stil-lage comes to ponds stores daily which are gradually overflowed that endangers the ecological condition of croplands and open reservoirs, adjacent to distilleries. Moreover, long storage in ponds leads it to spoiling, stratification and formation of a ground deposit. Therefore the problem of stillage utilization is very actual now and demands an integrated approach to its consideration as it has to be considered in the economic point of view, and from compliance to requirements of the nature protection legislation. One of the solutions of the problem stillage utilization is its application in agriculture as fertilizer. In Ukraine, the grain bards resources are quite significant, given the volume of alcohol SE Ukrspirt. The volume pislyaspyrtovoyi bards on modern technology is per 1 dm3 alcohol 11 ... 13 dm3 bards. However, it can be stored quickly sour, costly transportation to the consumer. Reset distillery bards in the river leads to significant environmental degradation. It solids accumulate in water pipes and riverbeds, decompose and pollute the environment. To build bards were repositories (filtration fields), which naturally occurs mechanical, chemical and biological treatment of waste. In bioshari formed in a layer of filtration load, the sewage draining into the ground, organic matter biodegradable. This mechanism is similar to the process of composting cut vegetation, household food waste and so on.

Большие данные в биоинформатике

Sequencing of the human genome began in 1994. It took 10 years of collaborative work of many research groups from different countries in order to provide a draft of the human DNA. Modern technologies allow sequencing of a whole genome in a few days. We discuss here the advances in modern bioinformatics related to the emergence of high-performance sequencing platforms, which not only contributed to the expansion of capabilities of biology and related sciences, but also gave rise to the phenomenon of Big Data in biology. The necessity for development of new technologies and methods for organization of storage, management, analysis and visualization of big data is substantiated. Modern bioinformatics is facing not only the problem of processing enormous volumes of heterogeneous data, but also a variety of methods of interpretation and presentation of the results, the simultaneous existence of various software tools and data formats. The ways of solving the arising challenges are discussed, in particular by using experiences from other areas of modern life, such as web and business intelligence. The former is the area of scientific research and development that explores the roles and makes use of artificial intelligence and information technology (IT) for new products, services and frameworks that are empowered by the World Wide Web; the latter is the domain of IT, which addresses the issues of decision-making. New database management systems, other than relational ones, will help solve the problem of storing huge data and providing an acceptable timescale for performing search queries. New programming technologies, such as generic programming and visual programming, are designed to solve the problem of the diversity of genomic data formats and to provide the ability to quickly create one's own scripts for data processing.

Математическое описание процесса прессования заготовок абразивного инструмента на керамической связке

To account for the load on pressing equipment and tooling it is necessary to know the efforts of the processing to be applied to the workpiece. On the basis of laboratory research the force of pressing of blanks of abrasive wheels on ceramic bond was studied. The obtained mathematical model can be useful for the improvement of existing and development of new technologies of production of abrasive tools.

Parametric Appraisal of Compressive Strength of FDM Build Parts

Now-a-days manufacturing industries are contemplating to develop new technologies for production of complex end use parts possessing high strength and low product development cycle in order to meet the global competition. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the proficient technologies having the ability to build accurately 3D complex geometry parts, with reasonably less time and material waste. Due to the build mechanism (layer-by-layer), the compressive strength of FDM build part is largely influenced by the selection of FDM process parameters. Therefore, using a design of experiment (DOE) approach, effect of six controllable process parameters such as layer thickness, part orientation, air gap, raster width, contour number and raster angle on the compressive strength of the FDM build is experimentally studied. The significance level of each process parameters are checked and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) table. One empirical model is developed relating process parameters with the compressive strength of the FDM build parts.

Production of rubber plasticizers based on waste PET: Techno-economical aspect

Production of rubber plasticizers, based on waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and economic effectiveness of developed technologies are presented and discussed. Waste PET glycolyzates, named diisononyl terephthalate(DINTP), didecyl terephthalate (DDTP), dibenzyl terephthalate(DBTP) and diglyceryl terephthalate(DGTP), were obtained by catalytic depolymerization of PET with isononyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and glycerol. The structural analysis of the synthesized plasticizers was done using elemental, FTIR and NMR spectral analysis. Physical-mechanical properties of the rubber products composed of 100 phr of 28 % nitrile butadiene caoutchouc (NBR) and 20.7 phr of plasticizer were investigated. Influence of the synthesized plasticizers on Shore hardness, breaking strength and elongation at break was investigated. Obtained results were compared with ones obtained for commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthatale (DOP). Evaluation of economic potential of new technology for plasticizers production, i.e. results of techno-economic analysis, was presented. Benefits of the presented technology was based on the use of waste PET which is related to both environmental protection and profitability aspects.

Evaluating Swine Injection Technologies as a Workplace Musculoskeletal Injury Intervention: A Study Protocol.

Intensification of modern swine production has led to many new technologies, including needleless injectors. Although needleless injectors may increase productivity (by reducing injection time) and reduce needlestick injuries, the effect on risk for musculoskeletal disorders is not clear. This project will compare conventional needles with needleless injectors in terms of cost, productivity, injury rates, biomechanical exposures, and worker preference. Muscle activity (EMG) and hand/wrist posture will be measured on swine workers performing injection tasks with both injection methods. Video recordings during the exposure assessments will compare the duration and productivity for each injection method using time-and-motion methods. Injury claim data from up to 60 pig barns will be analyzed for needlestick and musculoskeletal injuries before/after needleless injector adoption. Workers and managers will be asked about what they like and dislike about each method and what helps and hinders successful implementation. The information above will be input into a cost-benefit model to determine the incremental effects of needleless injectors in terms of occupational health, worker preference, and the financial “bottom line” of the farm. Findings will be relevant to the swine industry and are intended to be transferable to other new technologies in animal production.

Effect of enzyme preparations on the main parameters of products in the development of processing technology of concentrated wort on ethanol

Among the priority directions of the development of the alcohol industry, the development of energy and resource-saving technologies for ethanol production from grain is currently in the forefront. To obtain and fermented sugared grain must, starch and other components of the raw material must be transferred to a dissolved state. The choice of modes and technological parameters for obtaining sugared wort during the development of new technologies for ethanol production is based on economic and instrumental-technological aspects of production and is largely determined by the properties of the processed raw materials. In this regard, the need to develop new technologies that take into account the composition of protein substances and non-starch compounds of various types of grain raw materials, with the purpose of efficient bioconversion of all constituents of grain, which not only intensify the process of alcoholic fermentation and increase the yield of alcohol, but also obtain fodder protein Products is timely and relevant. To study the effect of enzymatic preparations containing xylanase, ?-glucanase and cellulase, as well as the thinning, saccharifying and proteolytic effects on the characteristics and viscosity of the wort, the aim was to obtain a highly concentrated wort from an aqueous-powdery wheat suspension. Application as a thinning preparation Termoferm 3500 L allows to obtain wort with the maximum concentration of solids, fermented carbohydrates and reducing sugars. At the same time, the indicator of apparent goodness of the wort when using Thermoferm 3500 L was 85.8%. The dependence of the flowability of starch wort on the duration of hydrodynamic and enzymatic treatment at the stage of mechano-enzymatic treatment was studied. As a result of studying the rheological characteristics during the preparation of starch wort, an effective, simple technological method for reducing the viscosity of media, namely, raising the temperature of water during batching from 50 to 70 ° C, could be propose.

Новая технология получения гранулированного присадочного материала с наномодифицирующими добавками для дуговой сварки сталей

Новая технология получения гранулированного присадочного материала с наномодифицирующими добавками для дуговой сварки сталей

Technology Focus: Production and Facilities (December 2016)

Technology Focus I keep a sign on my desk, purported to be a Chinese proverb, that says, “Those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are doing it.” This bit of wisdom certainly applies as we recap the impressive progress made in a wide range of technologies related to production and facilities. Significant advances were reported in materials, field optimization, safe operations, corrosion, and wellbore-related technologies. In each area, progress was reported toward more-efficient field development, extended equipment and pipeline service life, and reduced environmental-release risks. In materials, papers described new liquid coatings (SPE 176048, SPE 179933) as well as new alloy coatings (SPE 176930) that provide improved corrosion- and erosion-resistance properties. The strength and fit-for-service range is being extended for pipelines by the development of new polymeric and composite materials (OTC 26506, OTC 27179). On the flip side, a material for fully degradable fracturing plugs was also reported (SPE 176917). Who knew that sometimes we want things to fall apart in a timely manner? In field optimization, the development of an artificial-neural-network (ANN) model significantly reduced the amount of computational time required to generate an optimal well-placement strategy (SPE 177442). An ANN-modeling approach also improved the reliability and accuracy of a model for detecting gas-pipeline leaks from basic flow-rate, velocity, pressure, and temperature signatures of the pipeline (SPE 177459). Another paper reported on the development of an Excel-based tool that allows nonchemists, field personnel, and engineers to make rapid determinations of the threat to asset integrity by sour (hydrogen-sulfide-containing) production streams (SPE 179921). For safe operations, a model was developed to improve the reliability of blowout-preventer control systems that included the interaction of multidomain dynamically coupled systems rather than just taking a steady-state approach (OTC 27292). Another paper described advances in the use of robotic technology for internal pressure-vessel inspections, significantly reducing the required time and personnel hazards associated with conventional human-entry inspections (SPE 177913). A combination of drill-rig automation and improved inspection technologies reduces well-workover times (and costs) while also reducing personnel exposure to operational hazards. One paper described an online method for inspecting tubing as it was being pulled from a well by use of electromagnetic inspection (SPE 177741), while another described an automated pipe-racking system that removes personnel from this hazardous procedure (SPE 176336). These papers are only a limited sampling of the progress made this past year in the development of new technology for production and facilities. Several of these technical advancements may now allow operators to do routinely what many may have previously said cannot be done. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 176930 Boosting Performance of Component Assets Used in Unconventional-Resource Plays With Nanolaminated Alloy Coatings by Christina Lomasney, Modumetal, et al. SPE 177741 Application of Flux Leakage Technique and Hydrostatic Pressure Testing To Evaluate Imperfections in Used Tubing by Fajarul Majeed M, AlMansoori Inspection Services OTC 27292 Holistic Systems Analysis: A Case Study Demonstrating Simple Models Improving the Reliability of the BOP Control Equipment Ecosystem by Daniel C. Barker, Cameron SPE 176048 Next-Generation Damage-Resistant Liquid Coatings by Melvin Devadass, 3M, et al.

Marx as a Food Theorist

Food has become a core contradiction of contemporary capitalism. Discussions of the economics and sociology of food and food regimes seem to be everywhere today, with some of the most important contributions made by Marxian theorists. Amid plentiful food production, hunger remains a chronic problem, and food security is now a pressing concern for many of the world's people.… Despite the severity of these problems and their integral relation to the capitalist commodity system, it is generally believed that Karl Marx himself contributed little to our understanding of food…. [Yet] food for Marx was far more than a "passing interest": in his work one finds analyses of the development of agriculture in different modes of production; climate and food cultivation; the chemistry of the soil; industrial agriculture; livestock conditions; new technologies in food production and preparation; toxic additives in food products; food security; and much more. Moreover, these issues are not peripheral, but organically connected to Marx's larger critique of capitalism.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.