New Strain Of Coronavirus Research Articles

20 weeks pregnancy with COVID-19 infection during second wave of pandemic: A case report

Novel corona virus (SARS-COV-2) is a new strain of corona virus causing COVID-19, first identified in Wuhan City, China. It was declared as a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. Pregnancy alters the body’s immune system and response to viral infections, therefore, pregnant females are related with more severe symptoms as compared to general population. Not much studies and guidelines are clearly available for the management of pregnant females with COVID-19. We are presenting a case of 20 weeks pregnancy with COVID -19 POSITIVE and how we managed the patient, during the second, deadly wave of pandemic. We hope this case report would be helpful for the clinicians to deal with pregnant patients with COVID 19, keeping in mind two lives are at risk.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 CASES IN GORONTALO CITY (CASE STUDY OF KOTA TENGAH SUBDISTRICT)

Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19, is still a concern around the world. COVID-19 is a new disease that was previously unknown before it finally appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A new strain of coronavirus causes COVID-19, The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), and is officially named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). The novelty of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of Covid-19 cases in Gorontalo City. The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of Covid 19 disease in Gorontalo City. The type of research used is an observational survey with a descriptive approach. The population and samples are all covid 19 patients in 2020 – 2022 who live in the Puskesmas Kota Tengah area, Kota Tengah Subdistrict, Gorontalo City. The sampling technique is Purposive Sampling. The results showed the highest prevalence of covid 19 in 2021 was 2.3%, the frequency distribution of covid 19 sufferers by the highest sex in 2021 was 344 people (55.6%), the frequency distribution based on the age group of covid 19 sufferers was highest in 2022 age group 25-29 years as many as 25 people (23.6%), frequency distribution based on the month of the highest incidence in 2022 February as many as 67 people (63.2%), frequency distribution based on the highest residence in 2020 residences in Pulubala Village were 76 people (25.0%) and the highest CFR in 2021 was 3.6%. The Conclusion is the prevalence of covid-19 in 2020 was 1.1%, there was an increase in covid-19 cases in 2021 to 2.3%, and there was a decrease in mid-2022 with a prevalence of 0.4%.Keywords: Covid-19; Epidemiology; People; Place; Time.Â

Fast COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using DCT Compression

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus, first identified in a cluster with pneumonia symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is fast spreading all over the world. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. Currently, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (rqRT-PCR) is popular for coronavirus detection due to its high specificity, simple quantitative analysis, and higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR. Antigen tests are also commonly used. It is very essential for the automatic detection of COVID-19 from publicly available resources. Chest X-ray (CXR) images are used for the classification of COVID-19, normal, and viral pneumonia cases. The CXR images are divided into sub-blocks for finding out the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for every sub-block in this proposed method. In order to produce a compressed version for each CXR image, the DCT energy compaction capability is used. For each image, hardly few spectral DCT components are included as features. The dimension of the final feature vectors is reduced by scanning the compressed images using average pooling windows. In the 3-set classification, a multilayer artificial neural network is used. It is essential to triage non-COVID-19 patients with pneumonia to give out hospital resources efficiently. Higher size feature vectors are used for designing binary classification for COVID-19 and pneumonia. The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 95% and 94% for the 3-set classification and binary classification, respectively. The proposed method achieves better accuracy than that of the recent state-of-the-art techniques. Also, the time required for the implementation is less.

Short Term Forecast of COVID-19 cases in Japan Using Time Series Analysis Models

The new strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was found to have started in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. The virus has spread to countries all over the world including Japan. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 due to the increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths daily. The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted the nation of Japan adversely and the number of confirmed cases in Japan continues to increase day by day. On 7 April 2020, Japan declared a state of emergency to prevent the pandemic from worsening. This study is conducted to forecast new daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Japan over a short-term period. Four univariate time series models were applied: the Naïve Model, Mean Model, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model and Exponential State Space Model. This study analyses daily data from 22 January to 10 April 2020 collected from the Our World in Data website. The prediction involves five phases of data analysis and five different partitions of estimation and evaluation parts in every model to ensure the accuracy of forecast values. R and R Studio software were used in this study to analyze the data. The results reveal that Naïve model with 99 percent of estimation part and 1 percent evaluation part produces the lowest value of error measures for Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE).

HEALTH – TREND DURING COVID-19

We live in strange times - times of change, crises, pandemics, conflicts and even wars. Throughoutmillennia of written and unwritten history humanity has learned to change, evolve and survive. This same changeoccurred for all of us at the beginning of 2020 when a new strain of the genus coronaviruses (Coronaviridae), startedfrom a local epidemic with the first case at the end of 2019, was reported in a province of Wuhan China. It becamea pandemic that spread with incredible speed around the world, thus entering everyone's life. The massive shock ofthe new coronavirus plunged the economy into the worst recession since World War II, causing global supply toshrink and even stop and the subsequent stalling of globalisation. This study analyzes the main economic trends,market structure and economic impact on health after the beginning of COVID-19. The study looks at therelationship between physical and mental health, laboratory tests, protective goods, medicines, vaccines and servicesafter the onset of and during COVID-19. The behaviour of the market and the outlook for its future movements arefocused on health and whether the topic should be considered as a trend wave. The pandemic has created both aneconomic and health crisis. The analysis tracks the number of researches, the stock appreciation of pharmaceuticalcompanies and those developing vaccines, the increased rate of demand for drugs. People get sick in good times andbad, and the demand for medical care is constant. In the study, several major health trends will be analyzed andshown to be related to each other: (1) The increase in stress hormones (cortisol, prolactin) - causes: disruption ofroutine activities such as education, entertainment and other social activities; anxiety about family income andhealth left many people feeling fearful, angry and concerned about their future; the following lockdown to reducethe risk of disease spread and the limited human contact, especially in the early stages of the pandemic. In women,there is an increase in thyroid problems and diseases like Hashimoto, Hypothyroidism and other autoimmunediseases. In men, cortisol levels are elevated and reproductive functions and libido are impaired. (2) Obesity andother weight problems due to the sudden stop of all movement with unchanged or even increased caloric intakeelevate the possibility for various diseases such as heart problems, diabetes type 2, osteoarthritis and asthma. As aresult an increased interest in products and services related directly or indirectly to COVID-19 will be found. Thefindings of the research will show how short-term and long-term impacts and interest in health can be called a"trend", and the attention and resources given to health, vaccines, medicines and remedies from the consumer in theeconomic market will continue their rapid growth.

The Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnancies Complicated by Covid-19: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Facility in Guyana (Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation)

Background: In December 2019, there was an outbreak of pneumonia cases in the city of Wuhan, China. The outbreak was first manifested as a cluster of mysterious pneumonia cases mostly related to the Huanan Seafood market in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province. Genomic investigations of the pathogen found that the disease was caused by a new strain of coronaviruses and the disease was given the name “Covid 19”. Pregnant women with Covid-19 may be at greater risk of severe illness although the full impact of the infection in pregnancy is unknown. Amongst the Guyanese population, several pregnant mothers have tested positive to Covid-19 thereby generating major concerns. Objectives: To ascertain the maternal, perinatal and immediate neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by Covid-19 infection at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Guyana. Method: This study is a retrospective chart review of pregnant patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 from August, 2020 to April 2021 and delivered at GPHC. The data collected include socio-demographics of patients, parity, gestational age at delivery, birth weight amongst others. Results: This retrospective study was able to show the outcomes of Covid-19 in pregnant patients at the Georgetown Public Hospital from August, 2020 to April, 2021. During this study period, the total study population of this research was 4,686 of which only seventy-nine (79) participants fit the study criteria. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows there was no statistically significant impact seen in the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by Covid-19 infection at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC). Keywords: Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnancies, Covid-19, Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation

Reserve army of Ho Chi Minh City: migrant workers in the Ho Chi Minh City's industrial parks and processing export zones under the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT COVID-19 appeared in Vietnam in January 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced the Covid-19 pandemic caused by the new strain of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) around the globe on 1-3-2020. From 1-4-2020, Vietnam introduced social distancing to prevent the spread of the disease in society, affecting every social class, including ‘internal' migrant workers who were often formerly farmers. This paper reports on research evaluating the impact of the pandemic on the internal migrant ‘reserve army of labour' now working in industrial parks (IPs) and export processing zones (EPZs) in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Internal migrant workers make up the majority of employees, at 70% to 85.5% and this article offers a chance to evaluate Marxist categories of work, along with the point of view of the systems and social network approaches, to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic impacts production activities at IPs & EPZs. The paper asks how management of workplaces in the face of the pandemic imposed coping strategies affecting levels of employment and lives of migrant workers at EPZs and IPs. Looking especially at migrant workers' strategies in facing the challenges of the pandemic, the use of Marx’s “floating, latent and stagnant” categories of the “reserve army of labour” is reconsidered on the basis of information from available statistical data and from detailed interviews and observations in the Project “Improving the effectiveness of dialogue and collective bargaining in private enterprise and foreign directed investment enterprises in HCMC” under a grant from the Ho Chi Minh City Science and Technology Development Fund, 2020-22 - HCMFOSTED.

Διαχείριση της Κρίσης CoViD-19 στις ΜΕΘ, πριν τη Χρήση Εμβολίων

At the end of 2019, the Chinese health authorities detected a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 ). This new strain seemed to cause a number of cases with serious complications and deaths. As the virus spread, health systems around the world were unprepared for the pandemic that followed. Here we study the coping strategies, in the form of govern- ment guidelines and/or scientific associations’ recommendations, for prioritizing patients due to the increased flow of patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), before the production and use of the vaccines, during the first year of the pandemic. Moreover, we study the ethical dilemmas of this period. A bibliographic review was conducted in the databases Pubmed, Researchgate, and GoogleScholar, in English, Italian, French, and Greek language using the keywords “COVID -19”, “ethics”/“etica”/“ethique”/“ηθική”,“bioethics”/“bioetica”/“bioethique”/“βιοηθική”,“ICU”/“UTI”/“USI”/ “ΜΕΘ”. The time limit for inclusion in the survey was the end of 2020. We found that for crisis management effectiveness, those in volved, both directly and indirectly, were asked to consider options such as (a) the prioritization in ICU's admission of patients with the best prognosis, (b) the increase in the number of ICU beds, (c) the transfer of patients in need to ICUs in remote areas, where had available beds, and (d) the cessa- tion of life support. Each option, whether chosen to be implemented alone or in combination with other, raises basic eth- ical dilemmas for health professionals working in the ICU. In conclusion, the adoption of boundary solutions in the provision of health care, where the common denominator is respect for human life, tests or contradicts the moral standards and personal ethics of those responsible for making the decision.

The Immune Aging in Elderly and the Potential Impact on the Immune Response against SARS-Cov-2 in Covid -19 Patients

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. While most people infected with COVID-19 will have mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without needing special treatment, the elderly are more likely to develop serious illness. With the ongoing mutation of the emerging coronavirus and the growing list of its symptoms, it is becoming increasingly necessary to remain vigilant about the signs of COVID-19. COVID-19 symptoms are different in the elderly compared to others. Some of these symptoms may be missing in the elderly and the aging of the immune system may play a role in your guide. The aim of this descriptive minireview, generally, is to shed light on The immune aging in elderly and the potential impact on the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in Covid -19 patients.

Risk stratification and prognostic value of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among COVID-19 patients.

BackgroundCOVID-19 is a viral disease caused by a new strain of corona virus. Currently, prognosis and risk stratification of COVID-19 patients is done by the disease’s clinical presentation. Therefore, identifying laboratory biomarkers for disease prognosis and risk stratification of COVID-19 patients is critical for prompt treatment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the risk stratification and prognostic value of basic coagulation parameters and factors associated with disease severity among COVID-19 patients at the Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, COVID-19 treatment center, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA follow-up study was conducted among conveniently recruited COVID-19 patients attended from March to June 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire and checklist, respectively. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were analyzed by the HUMACLOT DUE PLUS® machine. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants. Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare the difference between parametric and non-parametric continuous variables, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the value of PT and APTT in the risk stratification and disease prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with disease severity and prognosis. A P-value < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant for all results.ResultBaseline PT at a cut-off value ≥ 16.25 seconds differentiated severe COVID-19 patients from mild and moderate patients (AUC: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.95). PT also differentiated mild COVID-19 patients from moderate and severe patients at a cut-off value ≤ 15.35 seconds (AUC: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.96). Moreover, alcohol drinkers were a 3.52 times more likely chance of having severe disease than non-drinkers (95% CI: 1.41–8.81). A one-year increment in age also increased the odds of disease severity by 6% (95% CI: 3–9%). An increment of ≥ 0.65 seconds from the baseline PT predicted poor prognosis (AUC: 0.93, 0.87–0.99).Conclusions and recommendationsProlonged baseline PT was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. Prolonged baseline PT was also predicted to worsen prognosis. An increase from the baseline PT was associated with worsen prognosis. Therefore, PT can be used as a risk stratification and prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients.

PENERAPAN TANADASHIP PADA KECEMASAN PASIEN KOMORBID DENGAN COVID-19

Covid-19 or corona virus disease is a new strain of coronaviruses. This disease firstly reported in the city of Wuhan, China, In December 2019. The spread of the virus swiftly became a global health threat. It is believed that patient with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, auto-immune disease, kidney failure, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer, are susceptible to respiratory failure and may have poorer outcome. Covid-19 patient who present with a comorbid condition may experiencing physically and psychological changes. In addition, negative information and stigma in society can cause psychosocial problems, such as anxiety. Aim: This study aims to overcome anxiety by using TANADASHIP. TANADASHIP is a collection of actions include deep breathing, spiritual and five finger hypnosis. Method: In experimental study, using pre-post design, a total of 28 Covid-19 patients with comorbid were included. Before and after intervention, anxiety scale was used to measure and record patient anxiety. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 Software. Results: The average anxiety score before intervention was not statistically significant (p = 0.052). Discussion:based on the calculation of the data, it was found that there was a decrease in the level of anxiety in the respondents, which previously obtained 14 respondents experiencing anxiety after the intervention using video, it was found that only 6 respondents still experienced anxiety with a mild level of anxiety. Conclusion:Based on the results of the study, the use of the TANADASHIP method is very suitable for reducing anxiety levels. Researchers assess very effective in any situation and condition

공중보건 위기대응 의료제품의 개발 촉진 및 긴급 공급을 위한 특별법 고찰 및 FDA와 EMA의 유사 법안 비교 분석

Since the outbreak of the new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) was first reported, regulatory authorities worldwide have issued various regulatory guidelines and recommendations. Global authorities are committed to supporting developers of potential vaccines and treatments for COVID-19. This study reviewed the guidelines and regulatory procedures instituted by authorities in the United States and Europe to understand the current perspectives of regulatory agencies worldwide and derive implications for public health emergency responses. The Act on Encouragement of Development and Emergency Circulation of Medical Countermeasures for public health emergencies enacted in 2021 established the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) to oversee policies for public health emergencies. In the US, the Public Law 113-5, the PHS Act, the PREP Act and the FD&amp;C Act grant authorities emergency use power with respect to medical countermeasures needed during public health emergencies. The FDA can also facilitate the use of those medical countermeasures. The EMA has accelerated regulatory procedures in place for expediting the development and approval of medicinal products for COVID-19. The EMA’s rapid procedure includes rolling review, accelerated assessment and conditional marketing authorisation. Based on the review of foreign policies and practices regarding public health emergencies, this study showed that the Act on Encouragement of Development and Emergency Circulation of Medical Countermeasures for public health emergency responses has made important advances in public health emergency preparedness and response.

A study to Assess Anxiety, Stress and Depression among MBBS interns working in Covid care Isolation facility of a tertiary level Hospital: An Observational study

Introduction: The Emergence of new Delta strain of Corona virus has created havoc with all health care systems across the globe, there has been tremendous pressure due to shortage of health care workers forcing government to involve MBBS interns to overcome the shortage of health staff in Covid care. Aims &amp; Objectives: To assess magnitude of anxiety, stress and depression among MBBS interns working in Covid Isolation facility of Government Medical College, Patiala. Material and methods: The Google form was created and the link to the online questionnaire was circulated through whatsapp group to the MBBS Interns working in Covid isolation facility during June to July 2021. The form included two instruments the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety-4 (PHQ-4). Results: A total of 144 interns participated in the survey .Patient Health Questionnaires and Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4 ) scores of interns were 56% and 49% respectively. Anxiety and depression symptoms requiring further evaluation were seen in 19% of the Interns. Univariate analysis of PHQ-4 and PSS-4 shows statistically significant association with past history of psychiatric ailment .Conclusion: Careful monitoring of psychological and mental wellbeing of interns during the pandemic will go a long way in mitigating the worsening psychological wellbeing of budding doctors and interns.

Liver dysfunction during COVID-19 pandemic: Contributing role of associated factors in disease progression and severity.

In December 2019, a new strain of coronavirus was discovered in China, and the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic in March 2020. The majority of people with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) exhibit no or only mild symptoms such as fever, cough, anosmia, and headache. Meanwhile, approximately 15% develop a severe lung infection over the course of 10 d, resulting in respiratory failure, which can lead to multi-organ failure, coagulopathy, and death. Since the beginning of the pandemic, it appears that there has been consideration that pre-existing chronic liver disease may predispose to deprived consequences in conjunction with COVID-19. Furthermore, extensive liver damage has been linked to immune dysfunction and coagulopathy, which leads to a more severe COVID-19 outcome. Besides that, people with COVID-19 frequently have abnormal liver function, with more significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to those with mild/moderate disease. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the liver, as well as the use of liver chemistry as a prognostic tool during COVID-19. We also evaluate the findings for viral infection of hepatocytes, and look into the potential mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2-related liver damage.

The psycho-social health of students during first part of COVID-10 pandemy.

In 2020, the world was gripped by a global pandemic caused by a new strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Highly contagious, rapidly spreading virus caused massive infections around the world and forced isolation of patients and quarantine of contact persons. Social isolation, caused by the introduction of compulsory distance or resulting from the course of the quarantine process, may result in the loss of emotional ties between individuals, thus leading to the weakening of the social support network. The aim of the study was to assess whether and to what extent the restrictions caused by the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemics affected emotional state and everyday behavior of students of Polish universities. 1,095 students took part in the study - 82.1% of women and 17.9% men, aged 19 and over up to 55 years of age, living mostly in cities. The diagnostic survey method was applied using proprietary questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed by Internet. The results were processed using the Statistica v.13.3 program with the application of descriptive statistics and tests χ2 and Anova. According to 80% of respondents, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a serious threat for health. During the first wave of the pandemic, students were accompanied mainly by difficult emotions: uncertainty (61%), depression (28.9%), worry (28.7%), nervousness (37.7%) and anger (24%). According to 50.2%, their relations with household members were not changed, while students declaring changes in family relationships pointed to their loosening and limitation. A significant majority of students stated that the COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to health and has a regular interest in epidemiological data concerning coronavirus. Medical students declared the highest risk. The first wave of the pandemic resulted in the intensification of difficult emotions and for half of the respondents changes in the functioning of their family relationships.

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of COVID-19 in children

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, occurred in China. This virus is highly contagious, transmitted by different routes, such as airborne and contact, but most likely among children it is also transmitted by the fecal-oral route. The disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus is COVID-19. An acute infectious disease has become a pandemic and persists to this day. Currently available data suggests that symptoms of COVID-19 in the adult population may be mild, moderate, or severe. But among children, the course of the disease is very different from that in adults with a milder course. The severe course of COVID-19 among children has been associated with the development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome or Kawasaki disease. In addition to the epidemiological history, laboratory and instrumental analysis, the gold standard for the etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 is the identification of the genetic material — the ribonucleic acid of the virus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Due to the risk of radiation, a chest CT scan in the pediatric population is only recommended when there is a suspicion of COVID-19. For the prophylaxis and prevention of future epidemics, studying the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children is especially important, since the majority of asymptomatic cases of the disease occur in this population. So, the purpose of our study is to review the main clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods of COVID-19 in children.

The Association of C-Reactive Protein and Ferritin Levels with the Severity of COVID-19 in Ajman, UAE

Background: SARS-Cov-2, a new strain of coronavirus first identified in Wuhan city, China, has spread worldwide, causing severe illnesses and a high mortality rate. Many studies have shown the association of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers, such as ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP), with the severe course of coronavirus disease The aim of this research was to investigate the association between CRP and ferritin levels, and the severity of COVID-19. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was performed in Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates, from January 2021 to October 2021. A total of 100 COVID-19 positive patients were included in this study. Serum CRP and ferritin were measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. We found statistically significant differences between ferritin levels and disease severity (P=0.005), age category (P=0.030), and the clinical wards (P=0.016). Statistically significant differences were found between the ferritin levels in mild to moderate cases (P=0.023) and mild to severe cases (P=0.007). There were significant differences in CRP in mild to moderate cases (P=0.012), and in mild to severe cases (P=0.000). Thus, the results obtained showed that CRP and ferritin levels are considerably greater in severe cases than in mild and moderate cases of COVID-19. The findings of the current study indicate that CRP and serum ferritin levels might be considered as an essential indication of the progression and severity of COVID-19.

COVID-19 IMPACT ON INDIAN BANKING SECTOR

COVID-19 is a disease which is caused by a new strain of coronavirus; where 'CO' stands for corona, 'VI' for virus, and 'D' for disease. This started from Wuhan, China, which is now a global concern and was declared as a global pandemic in 2019-20. In India, it started to spread in March 2020.

DCML: Deep contrastive mutual learning for COVID-19 recognition

COVID-19 is a form of disease triggered by a new strain of coronavirus. Automatic COVID-19 recognition using computer-aided methods is beneficial for speeding up diagnosis efficiency. Current researches usually focus on a deeper or wider neural network for COVID-19 recognition. And the implicit contrastive relationship between different samples has not been fully explored. To address these problems, we propose a novel model, called deep contrastive mutual learning (DCML), to diagnose COVID-19 more effectively. A multi-way data augmentation strategy based on Fast AutoAugment (FAA) was employed to enrich the original training dataset, which helps reduce the risk of overfitting. Then, we incorporated the popular contrastive learning idea into the conventional deep mutual learning (DML) framework to mine the relationship between diverse samples and created more discriminative image features through a new adaptive model fusion method. Experimental results on three public datasets demonstrate that the DCML model outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines. More importantly, DCML is easier to reproduce and relatively efficient, strengthening its high practicality.

COVID-19: Are Experimental Drugs a Cure or Cause?

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus. It is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has quickly influenced all over the world since it spreads easily. Common symptoms are fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and muscle aches. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment, already available agents are being used alone or in combination all over the world. At the beginning of the pandemic, death rates of infection caused by COVID-19 are high but "is COVID-19 responsible for all deaths?", or "are there any contributions of the frequently used drugs in this period to these deaths?" Surely herd immunity plays a major role and has contributed to the decline in mortality rates. Meanwhile, it is kept in mind that due to safety concerns, changes have also been made in the dosage and combined use of frequently used drugs. In this review, answers to two questions above and the safety of treatments, toxicities of agents involving chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopiravir/ritonavir, sarilumab, tocilizumab, siltuximab, corticosteroids and bromhexine which are the most frequently used in Turkey and all over the world will be summarized. Among these drugs, favipiravir seems the most promising drug due to more tolerable adverse effects. More clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to find the most effective and safe drug for COVID-19 treatment.