New Yeast Species Research Articles

Pichia antillensis, a New Species of Yeast Associated with Necrotic Stems of Cactus in the Lesser Antilles

We describe Pichia antillensis, a new species of yeast which is closely related to Pichia opuntiae. Pichia antillensis, 20 strains of which were isolated, is heterothallic and occurs in nature in both the haploid state and the diploid state. It produces asci with four hat-shaped spores, which are rapidly released upon maturity. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of its nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid is 33.4 to 33.7 mol%. The deoxyribonucleic acids of Pichia antillensis and Pichia opuntiae var. opuntiae show approximately 50% homology, but the two species are not interfertile. Moreover, the two species are separated geographically and by host plant. Pichia antillensis occurs principally in necrotic tissue of the columnar cactus Cephalocereus royenii in the West Indies, and Pichia opuntiae var. opuntiae occurs in Opuntia rots in Australia. The type strain of P. antillensis is strain UCD-FST 82–651A (= ATCC 56267 = CBS 7111).

Candida santjacobensis and Candida ancudensis, two new species of yeasts isolated from decayed wood in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile

Two novel and unusual representatives of the yeast genus Candida isolated from fallen trunks of Nothofagus dombeyii (Mirb.) Blume and Drymis winterii Weim., in the last stages of decay, in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile, are described and illustrated. They clearly differ from all recognized species of Candida to warrant their establishment as two new species of yeasts: Candida santjacobensis and Candida ancudensis.

Five new filamentous, glucose-fermenting Candida isolated from decayed wood in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile

Five novel representatives of the yeast genus Candida isolated from advanced stages of wood degradation from fallen trunks of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav., Laurelia sempervirens Weim., Laurelia philippiana Weim., Nothofagus dombeyii (Mirb.) Blume, and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Blume, in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile, are described and illustrated. They clearly differ from all accepted Candida species to warrant their establishment as five new species of yeasts: Candida coipomensis sp. nov., Candida ralunensis sp. nov., Candida laureliae sp. nov., Candida osornensis sp. nov., and Candida llanquihuensis sp. nov.

Two new filamentous, non fermenting Candida and a new Schizoblastosporion isolated from decayed wood in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile

Two unusual representatives of the yeast genus Candida and one of the yeast genus Schizoblastosporion, isolated from advanced stages of wood decay from fallen trunks of Drymis winterii Weim., Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. and Laurelia sempervirens Weim., in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile, are described and illustrated. They all have in common the inability of fermenting sugars and the formation of pseudo and true hyphae. However, they differ from all accepted Candida and Schizoblastosporion species, respectively, to warrant their establishment as three new species of yeasts: Candida drymisii sp. nov., Candida huempii sp. nov., and Schizoblastosporion chiloensis sp. nov.

A new naphthaquinone antibiotic from a new species of yeast.

A fusiform yeast producing limited pseudomycelium and limited true mycelium on malt extract agar has been isolated. This non-fermentative yeast has hyaline cell walls but produces a thick, black oily exudate which is water insoluble and gives the colony a smooth black lacquered appearance. On the basis of morphology and physiology, this organism is distinctive enough to warrant the designation of a new genus. During stationary phase of cultures on chemically defined medium, a deep red substance is produced which has strong antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. The substance has been identified as a new natural naphthaquinone of the empirical formula C16H16O7 .

Pichia pseudocactophila, a new species of yeast occurring in necrotic tissue of columnar cacti in the North American Sonoran Desert

A description is given of Pichia pseudocactophila, a new species of yeast which is closely related to Pichia cactophila. Pichia pseudocactophila is heterothallic and produces four-spored asci, whereas P. cactophila is homothallic and its asci contain a maximum of two spores. Their morphological and physiological properties and G + C contents of their nuclear deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) are similar, but the DNA of P. pseudocactophila shows only 35% homology with the DNA of P. cactophila. In addition, strains of P. pseudocactophila have electrophoretic enzyme patterns for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase-1, hexokinase-2, and phosphoglucomutase that allow them to be distinguished from P. cactophila strains. Lastly, P. pseudocactophila has been found only in rotting tissue of columnar cacti (Pachycereus pringlei and close relatives) in Mexico and southern Arizona, whereas P. cactophila is a host-plant generalist and is distributed worldwide in all cactus species so far investigated.

Hansenula populi, a New Homothallic Species of Yeast from Exudates of Cottonwood Trees

The evolutionary affinities among several morphologically and physiologically similar species of the ascogenous yeast genus Hansenula were studied by a technique which involved genome comparisons in combination with nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid base composition determinations. The results revealed a new member of the genus Hansenula that was recovered five times in 1968 from slime exudates of Populus trichocarpa (cottonwood trees) in British Columbia and Alaska. This new species is named Hansenula populi because of its specific habitat in exudates of cottonwood trees. H. populi is homothallic and occurs naturally in the haploid state. Conjugation between vegetative cells precedes sporulation, and up to four hat-shaped spores are produced in zygotes. The spores are liberated from the asci soon after formation. H. populi resembles Hansenula nonfermentans and Hansenula dryadoides but differs from these species in habitat, guanine-plus-cytosine content of the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, maximum growth temperature, and ability to assimilate several carbon compounds. The type strain of H. populi is UCD-FS&T 68-628C (= CBS 8094 = ATCC 48773).

Identification of yeasts and yeastlike fungi. I. Taxonomy and characteristics of new species described since 1973

This review, which is necessary for the development of new simplified identification keys, presents the morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics of over 100 new species of yeasts described since the publication of The yeasts, a taxonomic study (J. Lodder (Editor). 1970. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam) and A new key to the yeasts (J. A. Barnett and R. J. Pankhurst (Editors). 1974. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam). All the descriptions in this work come from the authors who first described the species. Information on the synonymy of the new species was gathered on both the perfect state and the imperfect state of the yeasts and yeastlike fungi.

Pichia inositovora and Candida paludigena, Two New Species of Yeasts Isolated from Peat

Representatives of two new yeast species, Pichia inositovora and Candida paludigena, have been recovered from highmoor peat. P. inositovora forms two to four hat-shaped spores in the ascus; each of the ledges of the ascospores has a bulb at the end. It is nonfermentative and insoitol positive C. paludigena forms abundant true mycelium with conidia on denticles. The cell wall structure corresponds to that of ascomycetous yeasts. This species is urease negative, inositol positive, nonfermentative, and nitrate negative. The type strains of these species are AM-125 (=CBS 0000; = IBPhM Y-888) and AM-146 (= CBS 0000; = IBPhM Y-917), respectively.

Candida fusiformata sp.nov., a New Yeast from Cabbages and Cauliflowers

Summary: A new species of yeast, Candida fusiformata, is described. The strains isolated from cabbages and cauliflowers differ from all other known species of Candida on the basis of the conventional substrate utilization tests. In addition, the strains form curved or spiral-shaped mycelium and branching chains of oval to fusiform cells on which buds are often formed from acicular or ampulliform spicules.

Torulopsis pilati nov. sp., une nouvelle esp�ce de levure isol�e de la liti�re du sapin D'Abies Alba Mill

Description is given of Torulopsis pilati, a new species of anascosporogenous yeast isolated from Abies alba Mill. litter. A comparison is made with allied species.

Torulopsis navarrensis sp. nov. A new species of yeast isolated from an acid washed brown soil in the province of Navarra, Spain

A new species of Torulopsis Berlese (4) was recovered in 1973 from an acid washed brown forest soil in the province of Navarra. It could not be identified with any hitherto described species of yeast, but on the basis of its both morphological and physiological characteristics it was assigned to the genus Torulopsis Berlese as representative of a new species for which the name of Torulopsis navarrensis is proposed.

A new yeast of Sterigmatomyces, S. aphidis sp. n.

A new species of yeast has been isolated from the secretions of Aphididae on leaves of Solanum pseudocapsicum. A description of the new species is given.

Torulopsis bacarum, Torulopsis pustula and Torulopsis multis-gemmis sp. nov., three new yeasts from soft fruit.

Three new species of yeasts isolated from fresh soft fruit are described. Torulopsis pustula was isolated from blackcurrants, Torulopsis bacarum from blackcurrants, strawberries and raspberries, and Torulopsis multis-gemmis from raspberries. All differ from known species in the test substrates they utilize. In addition, cells of Torulopsis pustula often form a bulbous projection near their apices from which budding takes place. These buds are frequently pear- or heart-shaped.

Pichia lindnerii sp. n., a new methanol assimilating yeast from soil (author's transl)

A new undescribed species of yeast could be detected in forest soils in the area of Berlin, Germany. A description of the new homothallic species including latin diagnosis is given.

Torulopsis austromarina sp. nov. A yeast isolated from the Antarctic Ocean

A new species of yeast, Torulopsis austromarina is described from oceanic waters of the Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors of the Antarctic.

Sterigmatomyces acheniorum species nova, a Yeast from Strawberries

SUMMARY: A new species of yeast, Sterigmatomyces acheniorum, is described. The strains, isolated from fresh strawberries, differed from other species of Sterigmatomyces in the test substrates they utilized. The strains grew slowly on certain organic substrates on three of which they formed mainly small colonies with a minority of large ones. When subcultured on the same substrates, large colonies gave rise to further large colonies, and small colonies produced mainly small colonies with a minority of large ones.

DEBARYOMYCES FORMICARIUS SP. N. AND DEBARYOMYCES CANTARELLII ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANTS OF THE GROUP FORMICA RUFA L.

A description has been given of a new species of yeast, Debaryomyces formicarius. The natural habitat of this new species is the ant-hills of ants of the group Formica rufa L. In these ant-hills another species of yeast, Debaryomyces cantarellii, was constantly occurring.

Torulopsis fragaria species nova, a Yeast from Fruit

A new species of yeast, Torulopsis fragaria, is described. The strains, isolated from fresh strawberries and blackcurrants, have polymorphic cells and differ from other comparable species in the test substrates they utilize.

Brettanomyces naardenensis, a new yeast from soft drinks.

A new species of yeast,Brettanomyces naardenensis, is described. The strains studied were all isolated from soft drinks with a pH of 2.6–3.2. This species differs from all the presently acceptedBrettanomyces species by assimilating soluble starch.