New Source Of Information Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence Promotes the Dunning Kruger Effect: Evaluating ChatGPT Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Patients have long turned to the Internet for answers to common medical questions. As the ability to access information evolves beyond standard search engines, patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and their parents may use artificial intelligence chatbots such as ChatGPT as a new source of information. Ten frequently asked questions regarding AIS were posed to ChatGPT. The accuracy and adequacy of the responses were graded as excellent not requiring clarification, satisfactory requiring minimal clarification, satisfactory requiring moderate clarification, and unsatisfactory requiring substantial clarification. ChatGPT gave one response that was excellent not requiring clarification, four responses that were satisfactory requiring minimal clarification, three responses that were satisfactory requiring moderate clarification, and two responses that were unsatisfactory requiring substantial clarification, with information about higher level, more complex areas of discussion such as surgical options being less accurate. ChatGPT provides answers to FAQs about AIS that were generally accurate, although correction was needed on specific surgical treatments. Patients may be at risk of developing a Dunning-Kruger effect by proxy from the superficial and sometimes inaccurate information provided by ChatGPT on more complex aspects of AIS.

The Use and Usefulness of Big Data in Finance: Evidence from Financial Analysts

Alternative data have become a new source of information for investors. This paper examines how this development is reshaping the role of sell-side analysts. Employing textual analysis of analysts’ written reports, we show that analysts themselves have begun to adopt alternative data in their analyses. Furthermore, we find that when analysts report drawing from alternative data they generate more accurate earnings forecasts, and their brokerages subsequently receive higher amounts in trading commissions from investors, suggesting that investors value the adoption of alternative data by analysts. This paper was accepted by Kay Gieseke, finance. Funding: This research is supported by NTU-Singapore under its startup grant program. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02659 .

The communicationpotential of the book as amass medium in the age of new communication technologies

The specificity of the book results from its dual, diametrically different gist because it is considered an art artifact and a mass medium. On the one hand, it is distinguished by the characteristics defined by media studies, and at the same time -in a different context -it takes an oppositional attitude towards them and tends to the characteristicsof an artistic artifact. We also find the mentioned opposites in the relationship between the book and the audience: due to thewidespectrum of genres, authorial approaches, and production procedures, the book could be perceived by the audience as a unique work of art and simultaneously as a product of mass culture. The communication potential of the book also corresponds to the aspects mentioned above, which essentially remain unchanged. It continues to be/can be a source of new information, knowledge, artistic experiences, entertainment, or relaxation. Still, the advent of new technologies has brought/is bringing a whole spectrum of changes. Thebiggestchange -by the advent of the Internet and smartphones -is the acceleration and simplification of communication in the production, distribution, and sale of booksprocess. These technological changes also significantly affect the mutual relationship between the book and the reading public. The reader is not just a passive recipient of its content and visual component but also an active participant in perception. In the article, we analyzed the specificities of the book as a mass medium in the cultural space, aswell as its communication prerequisites for the reader in the era of new communication technologies. The main aim of the survey was to find out how readers perceive new technologies or how new technologies affect the reading habits associated with book usage.The article has a summarizing character in the theoretical part and an overview in the practical part. It represents an introduction to more detailed research, the results of which will be presented in articles published in other issues of the journal Social Communications –Theory and Practice. We will focus on the book's impact on increasing media literacy and critical thinking among children and youth, as well as on various technologies facilitating the use of the book's potential in the mass media and artistic spheres.Keywords: book, communication technologies, culture, mass media,audience.

Deciphering the Role of Total Water Storage Anomalies in Mediating Regional Flooding

AbstractRegional floods result from various flood generation mechanisms. Traditional analyses mainly link flooding to extreme rainfall, with limited input from soil moisture. Total water storage (TWS) is a holistic measure of basin wetness, including additional storage components from surface water, snow, and groundwater. Utilizing a new 5‐day Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its Follow On (GRACE(‐FO)) data set, we investigated the linkage between short‐term TWS anomaly (TWSA) and regional flooding. The 5‐day TWSA solutions revealed flood signals missed by monthly TWSA solutions. Global basins exhibit distinct storage‐discharge co‐evolution patterns, offering new insights into flood mechanisms and propensity. Our bivariate event analyses show the annual maximum river discharges co‐occur more often with the TWSA maxima than with precipitation in many basins. Further analyses revealed TWSA's time‐lagged effect on river discharge, particularly in basins susceptible to floods triggered by saturation‐excess runoff. The 5‐day TWSA provides a new source of information for enhancing global flood preparedness.

The strength of weak ties and fake news believability

Are we more likely to believe a social media news story shared by someone with whom we have a strong or weak tie? We tend to trust close ties more than weak ties, but weak ties are sources of new information more often than strong ones. We conducted an online experiment to examine the effect of tie strength (strong ties vs. weak ties) on the decision to believe or not believe fake news stories. Participants perceived false stories from weak ties to be more believable than false stories from strong ties (after controlling for the trustworthiness of the sharer). We found that a sharer's perceived ability to share reliable information plays a significant role in individuals' decision to believe news stories on social media, regardless of whether the source is a strong or weak tie. Interestingly, a sharer's perceived integrity was found to be important only when the information came from weak ties, while a sharer's perceived benevolence was not important for either weak or strong ties. These findings show that the perceived integrity of the sharer is a key factor in the decision to believe stories from weak ties, more so than from strong ties. Furthermore, a sharer's perceived ability to share reliable information is less critical when weak ties share true stories. The impact of weak ties does not stem from the novelty of their information, as we used identical headlines across both study groups. Thus, while the strength of weak ties effect is present in this context, the underlying theoretical mechanism differs from the novelty of information traditionally observed in other settings.

Postmarketing Surveillance: Review of Open Sources of Drug Safety Data

INTRODUCTION. Postmarketing surveillance is the main mechanism to monitor and evaluate the safety of drugs approved for widespread clinical use. This mechanism provides up-to-date information on adverse drug reactions and facilitates the implementation of necessary measures to prevent or minimize the risks associated with pharmacotherapy. Marketing authorization holders should regularly conduct searches for and analyses of drug safety data from all available sources. The lack of practical recommendations for selecting relevant information sources complicates the development of an optimal strategy for collecting drug safety data necessary for timely detection of changes in the safety profile of a drug that may affect the benefit–risk ratio.AIM. This study aimed to select the most appropriate methods for collecting drug safety information from the open sources used to monitor the safety profiles of approved drugs and assess their benefit–risk ratios.DISCUSSION. The main sources of new information on the safety of drugs include pharmacovigilance databases, websites of regulatory authorities, publications in medical scientific journals, and real-world clinical practice. According to the analysis results, the most widely used databases are the World Health Organization (WHO) VigiBase database, the European Union (EU) EudraVigilance database, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). This article also discusses the capabilities and interfaces of various applications for working with safety data, as well as the conditions for accessing databases. Additionally, the article provides detailed instructions on how to search for safety information on the websites of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and FDA, which are considered to be the most reliable sources of information. Further, the article provides an overview of reputable medical journals most likely to publish articles on adverse drug reactions. In addition, the article covers bibliographic databases and search engines, which can simplify the search for scientific publications. Systematic monitoring of these sources can help marketing authorization holders to effectively assess the safety profiles and benefit–risk ratios of approved drugs.CONCLUSIONS. The use of recommended data sources can optimize the process of safety monitoring, significantly increase the identification rate for potential risks of pharmacotherapy, and facilitate the timely development of measures to prevent these risks. This, in turn, can contribute to improving the safety of patients and the quality of medical care.

"I was able to share more details": The experiences of using a smartphone application to support shared decision making in young people with psychosis.

This study explores the experiences of young adults with psychosis using a smartphone application to promote patient activation and support shared decision making in their outpatient treatment. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight participants who had access to the app while receiving mental health treatment. Qualitative data from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis aimed at experiences of interacting with the app. Four themes were extracted from the interviews: supporting users with memory difficulties, giving symptoms substance, a new source of information to guide conversations, and the challenge of capturing complex experiences digitally. While the majority of the themes highlight the benefits of using the app in ways that may facilitate communication between patient and provider, the participants also described some negative experiences when interacting with the app concerning failure to communicate nuances and emotional states satisfyingly. Experiences with the app were double sided. On the one hand, the use of the app supports communication, and conversely, interaction with the app can create limitations and new challenges for communication. There is a need for more research to understand the use of mental health smartphone apps and their role in supporting interactive processes such as shared decision making in mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, HERDING, DAN HEURISTIK TERHADAP KINERJA INVESTASI MAHASISWA DI INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, herding, and heuristics on the investment performance of university students in Indonesia. The first issue in this study is the small number of investors caused by the motivation and return of investment, and the second issue is the discovery of anomalies in the capital market. The main theory used as a reference in this research is Behavioral Finance theory. This type of research is quantitative with primary data using a Likert scale, tested by the Partial Least Square method. The results in this study indicate that financial literacy and heuristics have a positive and significant effect on investment performance. In addition, herding has a positive but insignificant influence on investment performance. This research has a contribution as a source of new information and reference in the development of science, especially with studies related to investment, capital markets, financial behavior, and other related topics.

A representation-learning approach for insurance pricing with images

AbstractUnstructured data are a promising new source of information that insurance companies may use to understand their risk portfolio better and improve the customer experience. However, these novel data sources are difficult to incorporate into existing ratemaking frameworks due to the size and format of the unstructured data. This paper proposes a framework to use street view imagery within a generalized linear model. To do so, we use representation learning to extract an embedding vector containing useful information from the image. This embedding is dense and low dimensional, making it appropriate to use within existing ratemaking models. We find that there is useful information included in street view imagery to predict the frequency of claims for certain types of perils. This model can be used as in a ratemaking framework but also opens the door to future empirical research on attempting to extract which characteristics within the image leads to increased or decreased predicted claim frequencies. Throughout, we discuss the practical difficulties (technical and social) of using this type of data for insurance pricing.

Product Redesign and Innovation Based on Online Reviews: A Multistage Combined Search Method

Online reviews published on the e-commerce platform provide a new source of information for designers to develop new products. Past research on new product development (NPD) using user-generated textual data commonly focused solely on extracting and identifying product features to be improved. However, the competitive analysis of product features and more specific improvement strategies have not been explored deeply. This study fully uses the rich semantic attributes of online review texts and proposes a novel online review–driven modeling framework. This new approach can extract fine-grained product features; calculate their importance, performance, and competitiveness; and build a competitiveness network for each feature. As a result, decision making is assisted, and specific product improvement strategies are developed for NPD beyond existing modeling approaches in this domain. Specifically, online reviews are first classified into redesign- and innovation-related themes using a multiple embedding model, and the redesign and innovation product features can be extracted accordingly using a mutual information multilevel feature extraction method. Moreover, the importance and performance of features are calculated, and the competitiveness and competitiveness network of features are obtained through a personalized unidirectional bipartite graph algorithm. Finally, the importance performance competitiveness analysis plot is constructed, and the product improvement strategy is developed via a multistage combined search algorithm. Case studies and comparative experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method and provide novel business insights for stakeholders, such as product providers, managers, and designers. History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science and Machine Learning. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Project 72071151] and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China [Grant 2023CFB712]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0333 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0333 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .

E-book acceptance by first-year undergraduate students: A longitudinal examination and implications for library researchers

This paper presents the findings of a seven-year longitudinal survey conducted from 2016 to 2022, examining e-book acceptance among first-year undergraduate students in the information management program. Targeting students who were new to their educational journey and had minimal exposure to academic contexts, the study used convenience sampling to gather data from 301 participants. Employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we assessed four dimensions of e-book acceptance: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Towards Using, and Behavioral Intention to Use E-books. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated these dimensions, indicating a robust model applicable to a broader undergraduate student population. The results highlighted strong interrelations among these factors, with significant implications for academic librarians. Notably, from their initial exposure, students associated e-books primarily with a source of new information, rather than as a time-saving tool. Although e-books were perceived as easy to use, this aspect did not strongly influence students' attitudes and intentions to use them as much as their perceived usefulness did. The study reveals that students, particularly in social sciences, have long viewed e-books as a vital technology for exploratory knowledge acquisition. While they perceive e-books as easy to use, this perception likely stems from their habitual use for managing learning activities, rather than from recognizing any added value of the technology itself.

TRAINING SKILLS STRATEGY

Learning is a complex process. Learning is considered as the main source of new information. The acquisition of reading skills by schoolchildren is the main factor in the successful study and development of other subjects. The term “reading” is used in different meanings: in a narrow sense, it is the formation of reading skills; mastering the technique of reading; in a broad sense, mastering the technique of reading along with reading comprehension. We consider the term “learning” as a form of educational activity. The reading skills of elementary school students are mainly formed in the literary academic subject, and it will be the main tool in teaching reading in all academic subjects in elementary school. Reading skills are actively used in teaching reading in all academic subjects, through which other academic subjects are mastered. This article is about the place of strategies in increasing educational skills about their use in working with text.

Podcasts as an Attractive Educational Tool

Media plays a key role in the learning process. Many listeners, viewers, readers, or visitors of online platforms look to the media as a source of new information to expand their knowledge. With a constantly changing lifestyle that keeps accelerating and putting ever higher demands on people to do several things at once, new media are gaining popularity. One of them is a podcast, which reflects the modern person’s need to do more things at once – that is, to gain new knowledge or to be educated in addition to other activities. The ambition of this study is to focus on podcasts in terms of education and on what this form of media offers to its listeners. In more detail, we want to focus on two specific categories of podcasts – official media and official educational institutions. The main goal of this study is to map and point out how the media and official educational institutions, selected by us, use podcasts for education, what forms they prefer, what the frequency of presented materials is and how they process educational content. We will also focus on evaluating whether and in what form podcasts are offered to users.

Возможности субъектного подхода в изучении отношений криминогенной личности к социальному окружению

Introduction. The study is devoted to the description of the possibilities of the subjective approach to identifying the criminogenicity of the individual on the example of his/her relations to the social environment. It notes the disparate perceptions of criminogenicity, which requires the integration of scientific knowledge. The author suggests the possibilities of the subjective approach to describe the criminogenicity of personality. The specificity of the description of criminogenicity in individual-psychological and socioenvironmental concepts is determined. The current state of genetic and neuropsychological studies of personality criminogenicity is described. The role of socio-environmental concepts is revealed. The importance of society in the formation of criminogenicity is noted in the concepts of anomie, social control and socialisation of personality. The importance of subjective attitude mediating the influence of individualpsychological and social-mediological factors is emphasised.
 Methods. The methodology of the subject approach was applied in the research process, general scientific (induction, analysis, synthesis) and private-scientific (extrapolation) research methods were used.
 Results. The possibilities of the subjective approach to the analysis of the causes of criminogenicity of personality, which are not explained by individual-psychological and socio-environmental concepts of criminogenicity, are described. It is determined that criminogenicity can be considered as a socially negative form of self-actualisation of personality. The self-actualisationis explained through the purposeful manifestation of cognitive and regulatory abilities in order to achieve a personally significant goal. At the same time subjectivity is characterised by defects of moral and ethical sphere, allowing preferring criminal behaviour to law-abiding in the situation of choice. It is noted that the manifestation of subjectivity can be characterised in the context of relations to the social environment, acting as a means of achieving selfrealisation.
 The results extend and clarify the possibilities of the subjective approach as applied to the analysis of criminogenic personality. The peculiarities of the implementation of subjectivity of a criminogenic personality in terms of overcoming the difficulties of life activity, formation of self-relationship and involvement of others in self-realisation are shown. The prospects of studying the causes, state and characteristics of relations of criminogenic personality to social environment as a source of new information about criminalisation and decriminalisation of personality are outlined.

The Phenomenon of Soviet Factory Sociology (Based on Biysk City)

This article is devoted to such a scientific and social phenomenon of the Soviet era as factory sociology. The history of the formation and decay of this extremely interesting applied discipline is traced using the example of Biysk city, one of the leading centers of the Soviet defense industry in the 1960’s – 1980’s. The article is based on the personal memories of Sergey Orlov and Lyudmila Mrachkovskaya, who in the 1970’s and 1980’s worked as factory sociologists at such large enterprises as the Research and Production Association “Altai”, the Biysk Chemical Combine, and the Biysk Oleum Plant. Publications of the corporate newspaper of the Biysk Oleum Plant “Za progress” (“For Progress”) have been introduced into scientific circulation as a new source of information about the work of factory sociologists, and this helps in understanding problems that were of concern for the management of Soviet enterprises. In conclusion, several hypotheses are put forward to indicate the horizon for further research on the topic of factory sociology.

TELCO GEOBIGDATA FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PRESENCES AND MOVEMENTS: THE 2023 “ADUNATA DEGLI ALPINI” IN UDINE

Abstract. The GEO Big Data phenomenon has become a central topic in the innovation debate. Understanding the presence and movement of individuals within a geographical area is crucial in many fields: urban planning, transport systems, emergencies, tourism, events, … In the last few years a new source of information to reconstruct the dynamics of such complex systems are the data acquired from cellular phone that trace presences and movements with high precision. For privacy issues the data are sold geographically aggregated by TELCO companies. The study of the dynamics of incoming and outgoing, number of trips, number of days and nights spent, number of unique visitors, country of residence and origin, main destination, secondary destination, transit and repeated visits have been analysed for the annual gathering of the ALPINI held in May 2023 in Udine. This work demonstrates how accurate this information is and how it can be used, in addition to analysing the previous edition, to plan locations, logistics, and agendas for future editions.

Evaluating the Forward with Dementia Campaign in Five Countries

Objective:The Forward with Dementia (FWD) project is a dementia awareness campaign that was implemented across five countries. The campaign included components such as websites (in four languages – www.forwardwithdementia.org), webinars, newsletters, and social media posts. This campaign is the fourth phase of a three-year longitudinal mixed methods study with five phases in five countries: Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec), Australia, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and Poland. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation and perceived impact of the FWD websites and campaign in the five participating countries.Methods:The RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) was used to guide the campaign evaluation. The evaluation was drawn from Google Analytics, surveys, individual interviews, and report cards. Data collection occurred between September 2021 and May 2022.Results:There were approximately 124,945 page views across all FWD websites during the campaign. Participants of the surveys and interviews reported engaging in a range of campaign activities. They read information about receiving a diagnosis, stories from persons with lived experience in dementia, news, and attended webinars (or watched recording). Most participants rated the information that they read on the website moderately, very, or extremely helpful. In addition, the majority of respondents said that they plan to visit the website again. During the interviews, participants shared that the website was easy to navigate, practical, and that it maintains a positive tone related to dementia. The co-design aspect of the campaign was considered a strength.Conclusion:The findings indicate that the FWD campaign can provide support for people who have recently received a dementia diagnosis and their family or friends. In addition, the campaign may provide health and social care providers with a new source of information and tools to use and share with their clients. These results informed the development of a playbook to guide regions and countries beyond those involved in this project to implement similar initiatives.

338. ChatGPT Conveys Incorrect Information about the FDA’s Antibiotic Boxed Warnings

Abstract Background Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) is a popular artificial intelligence-based chatbot that rapidly provides responses to online inquiries. As a language-processing – rather than a scientific – tool, ChatGPT does not guarantee accuracy. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labels medications with significant risk of serious or life-threatening adverse effects with boxed warnings (BW). We sought to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT regarding FDA BW for antibiotics. Methods FDA labels for commonly-used antibiotics were categorized through the DailyMed database of the National Library of Medicine (Table 1). ChatGPT-3.5 was then queried regarding FDA BWs using the following query: “Are there any boxed warnings on the FDA label for XX [medication] and if so, what are they?” Responses were sorted into 3 categories:(1) “Matching”: ChatGPT accurately reported both existence and content of BW or its absence;(2) “Inaccurate”: ChatGPT accurately reported a BW but erred on some aspects of the content; and(3) “Incorrect”: ChatGPT misidentified existence of BW, or listed incorrect adverse effects (AE)Table 1:FDA Boxed Warnings for Commonly Used Antibiotics Results Of the 41 antibiotics queried, 9 have FDA BWs and ChatGPT correctly identified the existence of all 9. However, ChatGPT correctly matched the AE of the FDA BW in only 3 instances (33%); in five instances (56%), ChatGPT listed inaccurate AEs (either under- or overinclusive) and in one (11%), ChatGPT listed an incorrect AE. For the 32 antibiotics without an FDA BW, ChatGPT reported that 23 (72%) had a BW (Figure 1). Figure 2 provides some examples of incorrect ChatGPT claims regarding AEs.Figure 1:ChatGPT Responses about FDA Boxed WarningsFigure 2:Examples of Incorrect ChatGPT claims Conclusion ChatGPT reported inaccurate and incorrect information about FDA BW for antibiotics. Clinicians should be aware of this new source of information for patients. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Evaluation of pasture degradation through vegetation indices of the main livestock micro-watersheds in the Amazon region (NW Peru)

Pastures provide different ecosystem services, such as carbon dioxide fixation, are indicators of climate change and prevent soil erosion. However, anthropogenic activities degrade and decrease soil diversity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate pasture degradation using vegetation indices. For this purpose, the floristic composition was evaluated by means of linear transects (50 m) to determine the percentage of area covered by forages and weeds; the Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Pasture Vegetation Cover (PVC) assessment methodology were used to determine pasture degradation, and the chemical properties of the soils were characterized. The degradation map showed that the range "S4-Strongly degraded (CVP, <40%) for the Pomacochas micro-watershed is 2.60% (93.43 ha); however, in Ventilla, 0.40% (8.95 ha) was obtained. An equation was generated from a multiple linear regression model and a principal component analysis (PCA) of the main regressor variables. The results were obtained for both micro-watersheds with an R2 greater than 60% determined by CVP + Bands 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and pH. In addition, the PCA showed that at acidic pH, the percentage of degradation increased, reaching the level of advanced degradation in both micro-watersheds under study, and when the pH values were close to neutrality, they indicated optimal zones for pasture production. This study provides a new source of information regarding the degradation of high Andean grasslands. It is also the basis for further research in the agricultural sector.

Prospecting for Vein-Disseminated Mineralization by Geophysical Methods at the Zhasyltyube Site

In order to conduct further exploration and assess the prospectivity of the Zhasyltyube area, it is necessary to create a state-of-the-art geophysical basis. In the electro-magnetic exploration there is a rapid development of available technologies, which can be potential sources of new information. Magnetic surveying allowed us to identify the boundaries of intrusive massifs. Identify tectonic disturbances, zones of hydrothermally altered rocks, favorable for polymetal and gold ore occurrences. Detailed results obtained by electrical prospecting allowed us to identify potentially promising areas for the detection of zones of vein-disseminated sulfide mineralization