New Perspectives Research Articles

Out of the Archive: New Perspectives on Harold Innis

Out of the Archive: New Perspectives on Harold Innis

Advances of application with intraoperative coherence optical tomography in ophthalmic surgery

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become one of indispensable imaging techniques in ophthalmology. OCT makes far-reaching influence on correct diagnosis, disease assessment, and prognosis evaluation after surgery in various ocular diseases. At present, the application scope of OCT is further expended and gradually being applied to a variety of ocular surgeries. This application is named as intraoperative OCT (iOCT). iOCT not only helps us to come to a better understanding and recognition of ocular diseases from a new perspective, but also influences our decision making of the surgical plan, thus improving safety and success rate of ocular surgery to a great extent. We reviewed the history of iOCT and its application in ocular surgery in this paper.

Changing clinical profile of Dengue infection: A newer perspective in the pediatric population

Background: Traditionally complications of Dengue infection is limited to vascular and haematological system. The present study describes the changing clinico-epidemiological and laboratory profile of children hospitalized with dengue infec- tion. Methods: Prospective observational study of children hospitalized with a diagnosis of dengue illness from October to December, 2010 at a tertiary care centre in Kolkata. Results: Of 50 children admitted with dengue infection, 24 had dengue fever (DF), 18 dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 8 had dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The mean age of affected children was 6.25 ± 3.34 years, mostly being males from rural areas. The common clinical manifestations were fever, rash, body ache, hemorrhagic manifestations and oedema. While headache and body ache was commoner among DF cases, rash and hemorrhagic manifesta- tions were significantly more among DHF group. Incidence of altered sensorium, neck rigidity, fulminant hepatitis, and sple- nomegaly were significantly higher among the DHF/DSS group. 12% case fatality rate was found. Conclusion: Clinical mani- festations of dengue seem to be changing. Fever, rash and bodyache are not the only clinical presentations. Encephalopathy, encephalitis, 6 th cranial nerve palsy, fulminant hepatic failure, acute acalculous cholecystitis, myocarditis, myelitis, spleno- megaly are some unusual but novel presentations of dengue in pediatric population that clinician in endemic area should be aware of though they are not mentioned in conventional guidelines Dengue is no longer restricted to urban areas but has propensity to spread to rural areas also.

Daisy, Oswald e o Processo Erosivo do Modernismo Brasileiro

O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar e interpretar a figura de Maria de Lourdes Castro Pontes, a Daisy ou Miss Cyclone do diário coletivo O perfeito cozinheiro das almas deste mundo (1918), no pano de fundo da história do Modernismo brasileiro. Nesse sentido, essa autora-personagem torna-se portadora de especificidades subjetiva e estética que podem abrir novas perspectivas para a abordagem do Modernismo, bem como da obra e da figura de Oswald de Andrade. A hipótese que proponho é a de que a imagem incompleta e fragmentária que temos de Daisy equivale à da própria noção que temos do Modernismo brasileiro.

Bruce E. Baker and Brian Kelly (eds.), After Slavery: Race, Labor, and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South (New Perspectives on the History of the South) (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013, $74.95 cloth, $24.95 paper). Pp. 278. isbn978 0 8130 4477 4, 978 0 8130 6097 2.

Bruce E. Baker and Brian Kelly (eds.), After Slavery: Race, Labor, and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South (New Perspectives on the History of the South) (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013, $74.95 cloth, $24.95 paper). Pp. 278. <scp>isbn</scp>978 0 8130 4477 4, 978 0 8130 6097 2.

O Vestido em Panorama: sobre a formação e a relativização de um cânone da historiografia teatral brasileira

&lt;div class="page" title="Page 2"&gt;&lt;div class="layoutArea"&gt;&lt;div class="column"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Este artigo propõe um exercício de história intelectual, buscando encontrar no livro &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Panorama do teatro brasileiro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, de Sábato Magaldi, algumas chaves explicativas para a criação de um “marco fundador” do teatro brasileiro moderno que se difundiu tão amplamente no ambiente intelectual dos estudos teatrais: a estreia de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Vestido de noiva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, de Nelson Rodrigues, em 1943. Para tal, serão analisadas as principais referências que orientam a reflexão de Sábato, assim como os dispositivos centrais que ele constrói para a sua escrita da história do teatro brasileiro. No final do texto, é feita uma reflexão a respeito dos desafios que os historiadores do teatro enfrentam diante do surgimento de novas perspectivas teóricas que desestabilizam as noções de “cânone” e as grandes narrativas que abarcam longos períodos históricos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Excess Surface Energy at the Tips of Gold Nanospikes: From Experiment to Modeling

Physicochemical aspects of anisotropic gold nanostructures have been of considerable interest due to intrinsic shape-dependent phenomena that open up newer perspectives from nanoscale electromagnetism to basic thermodynamics since gold has a highly symmetric face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and usually tends to afford a spherical geometry to reduce surface free energy. The emergence of novel properties of these anisotropic structures could be attributed to the lack of symmetry at the interface or to the confinement of electrons that does not scale linearly with size. Based on these concepts, anisotropic gold nanospike has been chosen as a typical nanostructural system that possesses different surface energy around the nanostructure in comparison to isotropic gold nanosphere to quantify the precise surface energy at the tips of these intricate nanostructures. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-stabilized gold nanospheres and nanospikes have been synthesized in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. Since ...

Frontiers in Live Bone Imaging Researches. In vivo imaging of neuron and glia

Glial cells originate the Greek word'glue'had traditionally been only thought as supporting cells for neurons. Because glial cells are electrically non-excitable, neuroscience researchers have focused on elucidation of excitable cell properties, neuron. Recent advanced optical methods lead us to observe glial structure, motility and their function in normal physiological conditions. These approaches let us to know that they are not just the supporting cells for neuron but could receive signal from neurons through receptors for neurotransmitters and to regulate neuronal functions, thus modulating behavior phenotype. Such studies also suggest that glial cells are highly dynamic and actively maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we review physiological function of glial cells through a new perspective clarified by innovations of imaging technology including two-photon microscope.

Go figure! New perspectives on Guston

Go figure! New perspectives on Guston

Cultivating a Thinking Surgeon: New Perspectives on Clinical Teaching, Learning and Assessment

I like the title of this book. It presupposes that we already have a thinking surgeon, a fact that is often forgotten in this age of modernising medical careers and educational theory. The book is by two authors, one of whom is a practising surgeon and associate postgraduate dean, the other an educationalist with a background in teaching who presently holds a Chair of Education in Postgraduate Medicine. The book is designed for both teachers and learners in surgical practice. It seeks to provide challenging new perspectives that seriously question much that the current climate of education provides, by showing examples of arguments, ideas, processes and language in which to think and talk about education rationally and logically. It is divided into two sections: the first dealing with the educational foundation for cultivating a thinking surgeon, the second a more practical section on teaching, learning and assessing in surgical settings. I found it very heavy reading. Much of it is written in educational jargon. The premise is that surgical teaching will have to change in the new circumstances of the 21st century. The authors state that in the past the clinical setting was viewed as the arena in which surgeons could demonstrate clinical cases and instruct the learner in clinical and operative procedures. They feel that this approach is not commensurate with the current pressures on ways of working and that new methods and approaches to education will be required. New models of education are presented in the first section and the chapter on ‘Reflection’ is very revealing educationally. The chapter includes statements such as ‘having an experience is not the same as understanding its meaning’ and that Habermas' work on reflection ‘drives towards the ideals of empowerment and emancipation…reflection is about critique, evaluation and liberation’. I was also intrigued to learn that suitable starting points for reflection included writing a letter to a friend and experimenting with a variety of forms, e.g. prose, poetry and drama. I was sorry to see that it did not involve phoning a friend! Perhaps there is a tendency to accept that the traditional form of training provided well-trained but poorly educated surgeons. By the end of this book, I had the distinct impression that by following its recommendations we would end up with a well-educated and educationally eloquent surgeon who was poorly trained. Somewhere among all the educational jargon is a very good book with some practical common sense. As a surgeon, I found the second section of the book much better than the first, which gave one the feel of a tree-hugging medical educationalist, with designer stubble, a suede waistcoat, cords and sandals conducting holistic teaching rather than a professional surgeon. When I read the book, there was a certain sense of deja vu. I realised that for the past 20 years I'd actually been teaching and educating in the way outlined in this book but had not appreciated the terminology applied to my teaching methodology. I realise now that, over those years, my trainees have reflected, conceptualised, become emancipated, developed propositional, procedural and metacognitive knowledge over the post-ward round cup of tea. This has probably been common to many surgical firms and explains why there have been such excellent and thinking surgeons produced in this country in the past. To whom would I recommend the book? Certainly to candidates studying for a degree in medical education who will find it invaluable. It is well referenced, beautifully produced and extremely up-to-date. I would also recommend that all practising surgeons read it and form their own opinion on changes in medical education.

Short-term power generation scheduling rules for cascade hydropower stations based on hybrid algorithm

Power generation dispatching is a large complex system problem with multi-dimensional and nonlinear characteristics. A mathematical model was established based on the principle of reservoir operation. A large quantity of optimal scheduling processes were obtained by calculating the daily runoff process within three typical years, and a large number of simulated daily runoff processes were obtained using the progressive optimality algorithm (POA) in combination with the genetic algorithm (GA). After analyzing the optimal scheduling processes, the corresponding scheduling rules were determined, and the practical formulas were obtained. These rules can make full use of the rolling runoff forecast and carry out the rolling scheduling. Compared with the optimized results, the maximum relative difference of the annual power generation obtained by the scheduling rules is no more than 1%. The effectiveness and practical applicability of the scheduling rules are demonstrated by a case study. This study provides a new perspective for formulating the rules of power generation dispatching.

Book Review: Akmal Hussain and Muchkund Dubey (Eds), Democracy, Sustainable Development and Peace: New Perspectives on South Asia

Akmal Hussain and Muchkund Dubey (Eds), Democracy, Sustainable Development and Peace: New Perspectives on South Asia, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2014, 652 pp., ₹1850, ISBN 9780198002346.

The Role of Universities in Developing a Sustainable Economic Model Based on Solidarity

The Methodist University of Sao Paulo, a confessional institution with three campuses in Sao Bernardo do Campo, in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region, which has 1,600 employees and 25,000 undergraduate students and postgraduate students, adopted in 2008 Sustainability as a transversal theme in its Institutional Educational Project. In 2009, started the Methodist Sustainable Program with the goal to mainstream sustainability in all undergraduate programs, in a co-creative process that included staff, professors and directors. Theory U and other similar methodologies were used in order to connect with new perspectives and attitudes that could arouse a co-creation field and a process able to reveal the connections of all expertises and knowledge produced with the sustainability area. The expectation is that this methodology continues to expand, involving university sectors and participants and oriented by educational purposes, research and community outreach. The expansion of the program led to the development of Actions Research Projects as reported in the present work, designed to consolidate a network of regional solidarity economy. The experiment enrolled 12 professors and lecturers, 20 students and 11 social enterprises linked with Solidarity Economy Network of the populous neighborhood of Montanhao in Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. The development of the project and the results accomplished created concrete actions of the University that benefit peripheral areas of the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo and could be used for promoting emergence and organization of individual and collective enterprises in other six nearby cities, that together with Sao Bernardo do Campo forms the Great ABC region, home to 2,500,000 inhabitants. Collective training of entrepreneurs in technology, human reasoning and political citizenship in the urban world were the axis of project. The results obtained can engage other groups and nearby cities, strengthening the social consciousness and regional identity.

New Perspectives and Competences as Needs for Advancement

New Perspectives and Competences as Needs for Advancement

Pharmacological treatments in alcohol use disorders: state of art and new perspectives.

The main focus of this narrative review is to present and discuss the most relevant clinical data about the pharmacological therapy for alcohol use disorders. By using PubMed we conducted a review of the clinical literature on drugs related to alcohol use disorders. All data are presented following the three phases of treatment: a) from withdrawal to abstinence; b) abstinence and relapse prevention; c) reduction of alcohol consumption. Historical evidence shows that in addition to the drugs already approved for the treatment of alcoholism, there are some off-label medications as effective as the approved ones which deserve therefore further study. The treatment of the alcoholic patient always requires a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach, directed to the specific needs of each subject in order to achieve a correct care personalization. The study of the cognitive effects of each drug and pharmacogenetics will allow us to increasingly customize therapy for each individual patient.

Personalization, adaptivity, attunement

The complexity of the current educational context, that is, the fragmentation of knowledge and the diversity which characterizes the students in our schools requires new competences. One of the answer is certainly to think about personalized path. The personalization of paths is a hard task for the teacher and, thus, the efficacy and also the sustainability of this choice need to be examined. For what concerns sustainability a solution has been provided by the interaction between the educational world and the world of knowledge engineering. The focus on the user, on intelligent systems for personalization, the adaptive and responsive design are proposals that were born with a different objective, but that have opened new perspectives also in the educational context. Besides, such processes have linked different research fields, the one of education and the one of knowledge engineering, such connection needs a common languages and meanings to be able to produce solutions. The paper is aimed at investigating possible solutions to foster the convergence and the dialogue between the two sectors and wants to verify if the complexity of the current situation is changing the concept itself of personalization.

L'industrie photovoltaïque de suisse occidentale : un « milieu valuateur » multi-local

Differents modeles territoriaux d’innovation ont mis en perspective la facon dont les systemes regionaux se developpent a partir de dynamiques d’innovation et d’apprentissage propres a certains milieux locaux. Cet article reconsidere cette approche afin de tenir compte de la mobilite plus grande des ressources et comprendre comment l’innovation est constitutive d’un systeme de valuation socio-economique plus large. Proposant un debat theorique elargi et une lecture comprehensive du cas de l’industrie photovoltaique en Suisse occidentale, le concept de milieu innovateur est ici revisite afin de prendre en compte un interet economique, politique et social toujours plus marque pour les questions de developpement durable. Le terme de « milieu valuateur multi-local » est propose comme cadre de recherche exploratoire afin de nourrir de nouveaux debats theoriques et politiques en matiere d’innovation et de territoires.Codes JEL : O31, L22, L26

"Let the Dead Bury Their Dead" (Lk 9:60): A New Perspective

To the ears of first century hearers and to Asians, Jesus’ harsh saying, “Let the dead bury their own dead,” is not only insensitive and unsympathetic but a blatant transgression of law and tradition. Evidence from the Hebrew Bible to rabbinic sources and even from the wider Greco-Roman sources supports the importance to burying the dead, especially one’s parents. Given the importance of the sacred obligation and cultural expectation to bury one’s parents, Jesus’ statement is both shocking and scandalous. To properly interpret this difficult saying, appropriate contexts are needed. The author demonstrates that the most plausible social context is not connected to the ritual of the primary burial but rather the secondary burial. The practice of secondary burial, which is the gathering of decomposed remains (bones) into ossuaries, primarily served as a fashion statement to enhance the social status of the wealthy class residing primarily in Jerusalem. Contrary to various popular interpretations, the author proposes that the saying is not about the subordination of family ties or about the opposition of filial piety; rather, with this saying Jesus severely opposed the Roman burial practice that had little or no religious significance but rather promoted a practice that preserved the social status of an elite wealthy class. Consequently, the social context of secondary burial provides a new lens and perspective to correctly interpret and understand one of Jesus’ most problematic and enigmatic sayings.

Le finestre di Abiquiu: sguardi e riflessi su un recuperato trascendentalismo nell'opera di Georgia O'Keeffe

I consider the life of Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986), American Modernist painter and writer, as a series of windows through which she looks at the world and, at different stages, force and nourish the conquest of her identity as American, woman and artist. From the places of her childhood to the opaque period of 'confine' in New York, as Stieglitz’s wife and woman-artist, O’Keeffe plans her evasion, looking for a space of her own where to find the center of her individuality. The opening to the world is embodied in the multiple perspectives that New Mexico offers, in its physical and mental spaces. At Ghost Ranch, and in Abiquiu, O'Keeffe finds the natural sources of a work that brings back originality and discipline. The present work, articulated within visual studies, literature and culture, considers O’Keeffe’s modernism from a new transcendentalist perspective. The analysis is based on a selection of letters between O'Keeffe and Stieglitz (1913-1946), O'Keeffe and Maria Chabot (1941-1949), on his autobiography (1976), and conversations recorded in C.S.Merril’s Weekends with O'Keeffe (1973-1979), supported by selected images. I assert that the windows in New Mexico, even if only virtually told in letters, 'mimetic' and 'simulacral’, as in Friedberg’s The Virtual Window, turn out as bold openings in communion with the surrounding nature, and allow the artist to create the necessary exchange to live a collective individuality. O'Keeffe learns that this opening is the vehicle to honor her mission, the filter to better understand herself, protected by the reassuring domesticity, and the positive role model that, in the variations and repetitions of the simplicity of the daily rituals, restores her original relationship with the universe.

Chiang Kai-shek’s “Humanitarian Bombs” and the Mirage Known as the “Manchurian-Mongolian Problem”: New Japanese-Language Perspectives on the Transnational History of Modern East Asia

Author(s): Kim, Kyu Hyun | Abstract: Iechika Ryōko 家近亮子,Shō Kaiseki no gaikō senryaku to Nitchū sensō 蒋介石の外交戦略と日中戦争[Chiang Kai-shek's diplomatic strategies and the Sino-Japanese War]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2012. ISBN: 978-4-00-025865-4.n Nakami Tatsuon中見立夫 'Manmō mondai' no rekishiteki kōzu 満蒙問題の歴史的構図 [The historical composition of the “Manchurian-Mongolian problem”]. Tokyo: Daigaku Shuppankai, 2013. ISBN: 978-4-86-337131-6.n n