New Model Of Society Research Articles

Questão fundiária: a terra como necessidade social e econômica para reprodução quilombola

As comunidades quilombolas mantêm, ainda hoje, práticas centenárias trazidas por seus ancestrais do continente africano. Essas práticas, além de culturais, dizem respeito à religiosidade, à política e às formas de produção, envolvendo técnicas agrícolas, formas de manejo do solo, formas de plantio, se constituindo em uma íntima relação dessas comunidades com o ambiente em que estão inseridas, a partir do desenvolvimento de técnicas conservacionistas e utilização racional dos recursos naturais, garantindo desta forma a manutenção da biodiversidade, para utilização das gerações futuras. Suas conquistas passaram automaticamente pelo período de redemocratização do país, no qual o movimento negro e lideranças das comunidades quilombolas intensificaram a luta por direitos que garantissem a cidadania a essas comunidades. O objetivo deste artigo, parte da dissertação de mestrado de um dos autores sobre o tema, é analisar as conquistas advindas desses movimentos, que garantiram o início de seus direitos quando envolvidos nos processos de elaboração da Constituição de 1988, asseguraram o direito à preservação de sua identidade e cultura, bem como o direito à titulação das terras ocupadas por vários anos por um povo que se contrapôs ao regime escravocrata e constituiu um novo modelo de sociedade e relação social.
 
 Abstract
 
 LAND ISSUE: THE LAND AS A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC NEED FOR THE QUILOMBOLA REPRODUCTION
 
 The maroon communities keep alive, even today, centenary practices brought by their ancestors from Africa. These practices, besides cultural, relate to the religiosity , politics and forms of production, involving agricultural techniques, forms of soil management, planting forms, becoming in an intimate relationship of these communities with the environment in which they are inserted, starting from the development of conservationist techniques and rational use of natural resources, thus ensuring the maintenance of biodiversity for the benefit of future generations. Their achievements had passed automatically for a period of democratization of the country in which the black movement and leaderships of Quilombolas communities had intensified the fight for rights that would guarantee citizenship to these communities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the achievements that occurred from these movements that ensured the beginning of their rights when involved in the process of elaboration of the Constitution of 1988, they ensured the right to preserve their identity and culture, as well as the right of title deed of occupied lands by several years by a people who was opposed to the slave regime and formed a new model of society and social relations.

Pensar la sociedad de la información/conocimiento

This paper outlines some key lines of inquiry for the discussion of the conceptualization of the information/ knowledge society, from a social/theoretical perspective. Some elements of the so-called information society are discussed, such as: technology, economics, work, networks, etc…It is argued on the subject -often made- that recent technological changes have given rise to a different type of society, and if -indeed- this is a new model of society or if we have a new role of information in the same system, but in a different scenario. It highlights the fact that a new kind of society would mean that the (theoretical) knowledge will drive decision making in all areas of life. On the other hand, reference is made to both the ethical and ideological aspects of information to show that it is not an isolated phenomenon but responds to different contexts and interests. Also, it refers to the perspectives and approaches from which one can address this issue, since this is a multifaceted topic. Finally, it discusses the role of the librarian in this scenario.

A Educação Ambiental: Conceitos e Abordagens pelos Alunos de Licenciatura da Universidade Federal Fluminense

A crise ambiental é um reflexo da sociedade moderna. Nesse contexto, a Educação Ambiental surge como uma ferramenta para contribuir com a construção de um novo modelo de sociedade. Conforme proposto nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, o meio ambiente é um tema transversal e, consequentemente, a Educação Ambiental deve estar presente em todos os espaços educativos. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma avaliação crítica das percepções e concepções teóricas e práticas da Educação Ambiental pelos alunos das licenciaturas em Biologia, Educação Física, Física, Geografia, História, Letras, Matemática, Pedagogia e Química da Universidade Federal Fluminense. As respostas desses alunos a um questionário semiaberto foram analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. Nos depoimentos, a visão naturalista, seguida pela visão antropocêntrica, foi predominante. A visão contextualizada de meio ambiente esteve mais presente nos cursos de Biologia e Geografia, que formam os profissionais considerados mais aptos para atuar como educadores ambientais. Os alunos dos demais cursos se sentem muito distantes dos temas ambientais. Percebeu-se o desconhecimento, a fragmentação e a falta de discussão sobre a Educação Ambiental nesse universo de licenciandos. Dessa forma, faz se necessária a inserção de uma disciplina de Educação Ambiental em todos os cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Did Educational Expansion Trigger the Development of an Education Society? Chances and Risks of a New Model of Society

This article focuses on the question of whether educational expansion leads to a new type of society, the education society. Taking into consideration the combined elements of three models of society (the post-industrial society, the knowledge society and the information society) – the chances and risks of an educational society will be elicited and, subsequently, confronted with an empirical validation. It turned out that modern societies are not education societies. Only a society which reflects upon the difficulty of the unfair distribution of opportunities through the differential access to knowledge and institutional obstacles of the educational system can become an actual education society.

El fenómeno de la inmigración en la Europa comunitaria y su impacto en la asistencia neurológica en el área de la Marina Baixa, Alicante

Immigration is shaping a new model of society, with new needs and demands, whose characteristics must guide health-care policies. AIM. To determine the repercussions of the phenomenon of immigration on the extra-hospital neurological care carried out in Department 16 of the Agencia Valenciana de Salud (Valencian Health Service) and how language problems affect visits. We conducted a prospective study during 26 consecutive outpatient visits in the first three months of 2006. Of all the patients who were attended, 9.5% were foreigners. Of these, 77.7% came from EU countries. And of those from outside the Community, 13% were from Latin American countries, 5% came from European countries that do not belong to the EU and 5% were from Africa. Mean ages were 61.5 years for the EU group and 42.6 years for the other nationalities. The main reasons for visiting were headache and cognitive impairment. The poorer the quality of communication was, the longer the visit lasted. The high prevalence of immigrants from the EU, mostly elderly persons and with chronic neurological pathologies, together with the ageing of the autochthonous population, have led to a progressive growth in the demand for health care in our area. The language barrier makes clinical practice more complicated and results in an increase in the time needed for each patient. These facts must be taken into account when planning both the health care resources in our area and visiting times per patient.

Sources of Modernity: The Interpretations of Vernacular Crafts in Polish Design around 1900

In Polish cultural and intellectual life c. 1900, the issue of vernacular craft acquired unprecedented importance due to its association with the search for a national style, a particularly pressing issue in a country without its own political autonomy. However, the resulting debate reached beyond the question of national identity and came to encompass a variety of political and social issues, illustrating the tensions between competing visions of what Polish culture should be. The national romantic aspect of the crafts revival interested Art Nouveau critics like Zenon Przesmycki and visionary socialists, like Edward Abramowski, who envisaged the future Poland as a republic of cooperatives. The democratization of beauty through design was seen by writers such as Julian Marchlewski as tantamount to political revolution, while the re-interpretation of traditional crafts resulted in several design idioms (including the Zakopane Style of Stanisław Witkiewicz) that tried to illustrate the uniqueness of the cultural heritage of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The idea of national style thus corresponded with a vision of the democratic national community bound by solidarity. The national craft revival complemented a new model of society, based on individuals and small communities, seen as the preserve of human dignity against the impact of contemporary imperialist political and economical networks.

Society of control and the control of exclusion

The new model of society we have been experiencing displays the characteristics of the 21st century: a society that is extremely fast in terms of electronics, slow in affection, pale, aggressive and individually vulnerable. The risks are constant, and totalitarianism appears in the practices of induction of subjectivities. Control is extreme, and technologies are increasingly invading our daily routines. Under the auspices of the discourse focused on security and the satisfaction of and desires, economic policies are establishing a close connection with the security production sectors, be it public or private security. Therefore, it is important to connect the forms of violence, the strategies of power and the public security policies that allow the exclusion and privatization of social control. Keywords: control society, human rights, biopower, violence.

The Worldwide Expansion of Higher Education in the Twentieth Century

The authors analyze the rapid worldwide expansion of higher educational enrollments over the twentieth century using pooled panel regressions. Expansion is higher in economically developed countries (in some but not all analyses) as classic theories would have it. Growth is greater where secondary enrollments are high and where state control over education is low, consistent with conflict and competition theories. Institutional theories get strong support: growth patterns are similar in all types of countries, are especially high in countries more linked to world society, and sharply accelerate in virtually all countries after 1960. The authors theorize and operationalize the institutional processes involved, which include scientization, democratization and the expansion of human rights, the rise of development planning, and the structuration of the world polity. With these changes, a new model of society became institutionalized globally-one in which schooled knowledge and personnel were seen as appropriate for a wide variety of social positions, and in which many more young people were seen as appropriate candidates for higher education. An older vision of education as contributing to a more closed society and occupational system—with associated fears of “over-education”—was replaced by an open-system picture of education as useful “human capital” for unlimited progress. The global trends are so strong that developing countries now have higher enrollment rates than European countries did only a few decades ago, and currently about one-fifth of the world cohort is now enrolled in higher education.

Historia de los gabinetes de comunicación en España

In the last decades, the communication has been acquiring social relevancy. Facing a new model of society— «society of the information», «society of the knowledge»—, needs in communication have grown to an almost dizzy pace. So that, nowadays, any organization that boasts must take care of its communication, of what it transmits to its clients. Undoubtedly, these needs of considerable importance in the current society were unimaginable a few decades ago. Communication offices have prospered around the whole Spanish geography in the last years, and have increased their tasks as well. Although in the beginning their responsibility just consisted of relations with mass media, as time goes by their duties have branched out. So that, nowadays, is more appropriate to express in terms of communication offices instead of only press offices. Of this historical evolution in Spain treats this chapter.

The Power Devices of the Society of Control and its Modes of Subjectivation

We are entering a new model of society, whose paradigm of domination is no longer exercised by the force of authoritarianism, but is implemented by attempting to induce the practices of the individuals. For that purpose it is necessary to create devices of power focused on the manufacturing of styles of subjectivation that are in accordance with the most urgent institutional demands. The new power devices aim at producing the individuals’ desires, so that their basic aspirations coincide with the structural goals. This subjection of the individual to the system’s symbolic universe is reached through the manufacturing of flexibilized subjectivities . At the other end, society establishes a control of the subjects’ practices on the basis of their measured results. This control of practices and the production of flexibilized subjectivities constitute the backbone of a new model of society of control. Key words: society of control, power, subjectivity, desire, ethics.