New Method Of Diagnostics Research Articles

Intercellular Adhesion Disorders In Tumorigenesis

The review discusses the problem of adhesion impairment in the course of tumorigenesis and aging. We hypothesize that impairment of homophilic intercellular adhesion in the target tissue results in developing conditions, which are favorable for malignancy, invasion, and metastases. Like a phoenix vanishing during the initiation of a primary tumor by breaking contacts between identical cells, adhesion molecules reappear with a new quality (the phoenix rising mechanism), thereby causing invasive and metastatic behavior of tumor cells. Due to this, primary tumor cells acquire motility and the ability to form metastases, which are the cause of most cancer deaths. At the same time, the provision of adhesive bonds between cancer cells and immune effector cells can also be controlled by one of the main neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA). The discovery of peripheral DA in lymphocytes gave grounds to the assumption that DA is involved in the infiltration of tumor leukocytes. DA receptors are found on cells of the adaptive (specific) immune response: T and B lymphocytes. Direct communication between brain DA and peripheral DA is crucial in modulating immune function. Peripheral DA mediates differentiation, binding to tumor cells, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. The review also confirms the need for the development of adhesion pharmaceutical agents. The disruption of intercellular adhesion in the target tissue and the general deficiency of immune surveillance can be controlled by central mechanisms involving brain DA, which is capable of regulating the active phase of immune responses against the tumor by means of adhesive interactions in the immune system, interfering with the process and thereby interrupting the development of a malignant neoplasm initiated by a local mutation in the tissue. The concept reveals the stress mechanism of cancer etiology and creates prospects for new methods of diagnostics, prevention and treatment of tumors, which can become another step towards solving the problem of malignant neoplasms.

Gene Expression Profiling to Unfolded Proteins Response as a Risk Modulator of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Despite new methods of diagnostics and treatment as well as extensive biological and immunosuppressive treatment, the etiology of RA is not fully understood. Moreover, the problem of diagnosis and treatment of RA patients is still current and affects a large group of patients. It is suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related features may impair adaptation to chronic stress, inferring the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. The main goal in this study was evaluation of changes in mRNA translation to determine chronic ER stress conditions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The study group consist of 86 individuals including a total of 56 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 30 healthy controls. The expression level of mRNA form blood samples of RA patients as well as controls of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated genes (p-eIF2, BCL-2, PERK, ATF4, and BAX) were investigated using real-time qPCR. GAPDH expression was used as a standard control. Considering the median, the expression levels of PERK, BCL-2, p-eIF2, ATF4, and BAX were found to be significantly increased in the blood of RA patients compared with the control group. The p-value for the PERK gene was 0.0000000036, the p-value for the BCL-2 gene was 0.000000014, the p-value for the p-eIF2 gene was 0.006948, the p-value for the ATF4 gene was 0.0000056, and the p-value for the BAX gene was 0.00019, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the targeting of the components of the PERK-dependent UPR signaling pathway via small-molecule PERK inhibitors may contribute to the development of novel, innovative treatment strategies against rheumatoid arthritis.

Рак шейки матки во время беременности

Aim. To analyze modern data on the effect of cervical cancer on the body of a pregnant woman, current criteria for its diagnosis, surgical and chemoradiotherapy methods of treatment and possible complications of therapy carried out at different stages of the disease. Key points. In modern obstetrics and gynecologic oncology, much attention is paid to problems diagnosed during pregnancy that significantly increase the risks of complications of gestation and labor. One of the urgent and significant issues is the detection of cervical cancer during pregnancy. Based on the analysis of literature data presented on the topic under study in the databases Meline, Google Scholar and PubMed for 2019-2023, the impact on the body of a pregnant woman of cervical cancer depending on the stage of spread of the process and the beginning of therapy is studied, the methods of diagnosis and treatment of the disease are presented, and the features of its impact the course of pregnancy and the outcome of childbirth. Conclusion. Modern medical science offers new methods of diagnostics and treatment of the most dangerous diseases, including cervical cancer. In the daily practice of gynecologists and oncologists, technologies that were unavailable in the past are being introduced. This allows not only timely detection of cervical malignant neoplasms, but also treatment at all stages of the disease, including during pregnancy. However, today it is impossible to exclude the risk of disease recurrence and lethal outcomes in mother and fetus. Further clinical trials are needed to improve the quality of medical care for women with cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Key words: cervical cancer, immunosuppression, cervical neoplasia, immunohistochemical typing, colposcopy, hysterectomy.

Особенности оказания специализированной хирургической помощи при огнестрельных ранениях шеи с повреждением полых органов (гортани, трахеи, глотки, пищевода)

The objective of this work is to share our experience in providing specialized surgical care to patients coming from stages of medical evacuation with wounds of hollow neck organs. A special military operation (SMO) takes place in an environment different from previous local wars. The nature of military operations and the saturation of the enemy's armed forces with new types of weapons gave a significantly higher number of wounded than previous local conflicts. The predominance of mine-explosive shrapnel wounds, different time intervals from injury to getting to the stage of specialized medical care for wounded with already existing purulent complications of gunshot wounds are the features of the SMO. Wounded with injuries of the hollow organs of the neck, entering the MMCH named after N.N. Burdenko from 3 to 6 days after injury, with already developed purulent complications, require comprehensive intensive therapy and participation in the treatment of specialists of various surgical specialties. An integrated approach with the compliance with the regulations of military-field surgery using new methods of diagnostics and treatment of wounds can improve the effectiveness of therapy and reduce the number of lethal outcomes. This article discusses diagnostic and treatment algorithms for different variants of neck wounds. The experience of the described cases of successful treatment of wounded with injuries of the hollow organs of the neck shows the possibilities of MMCH named after N.N. Burdenko in treatment using various methods, and can be useful to doctors of both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Contribution of Academician M.M. Krasnov to ophthalmological science and practice

The scientific legacy of Professor Mikhail Mikhailovich Krasnov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, is large and multifaceted. His name is associated with the whole epoch of establishment and development of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of eye diseases. The representative of the dynasty of ophthalmologists M.M. Krasnov is the author of more than 350 scientific works, 80 inventor's certificates and 40 foreign patents.

On the implementation of a new method for diagnostics of pipelines

The paper reviews the necessity of using modern methods of diagnostics based on the up-to-date technologies for revealing probable damages in the pipelines and some equipment. Considering external and internal impact in the pipelines, it is necessary to conduct regular diagnostical tests. The main reason for the damages of pipelines and equipment is the formation of tension concentration as a result of the effect of some loads on these devices. Due to this, the reliability of gas pipelines in the operation is defined by a criteria of strain-stress state occured on these lines. The methods of technical diagnostics based on the up-to-date technologies should be implemented for revealing probable damages within the pipelines and equipment as well. Smart-of-the-art software technologies for performing calculations have been used in the research surveys. Within the report period, the pipeline has been tested with the method of magnetic memory (MMM) and currently is used as the most effective option.

ROLE OF SEROTONIN AND ITS METABOLITE 5-HIAA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. NEW APPROACHES TO TREATMENT AND NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS?

Objective: Development of new methods for diagnostics and new approaches to treatment of PAH from the standpoint of serotonergic regulation. The obtained data points out that a potential marker of PAH is an increase in the concentration of 5-HIAA in urine which is shown by a positive correlation with the stage of PAH. Design and method: I.The patients (n = 43, 20 days - 16 y.o.): Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and severe PAH; Patients with CHD with mild to moderate PAH; Healthy children (controls). II.PAH was induced in immature rats by subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT) (60 mg / kg) at the age of 4 weeks. The studies were carried out 1, 2, 4 weeks after the administration of MCT, namely: - study of 5-HIAA in urine in ELISA - invasive study of pressure in the right heart and pulmonary artery - immunohistochemical and morphological examination of the right and left ventricle, pulmonary artery and aorta. Results: A statistically significant increase in pressure in the right ventricle was found in MIPHM, which indicates the adequacy of the selected model of PAH; - Patients with PH have significantly increased plasma 5-HIAA levels compared to other groups; - There were statistically significant intergroup differences in amount of 5-HIAA in urine; - Direct positive dependence of amount of 5-HIAA in urine on the stage of PAH was revealed. Conclusions: Comparing the data of our studies, it can be concluded that 5-HIAA levels characterize the activity of pathogenetic processes in PAH. Thus, the possibility of plasma or urine 5-HIAA levels measurement in order to assess the severity of PAH and the effectiveness of its therapy is assumed. The hypothesis based on our results give us the opportunity to continue working in direction with the aim of introducing drugs of 5-HT receptor antagonists class for the PAH therapy. Simplicity, availability and non-invasiveness of the assessment method of PAH process activity makes it promising to introduce the determining of 5-HIAA levels in urine in the clinical pathology of the PAH stage and the effectiveness of its therapy.

IDENTIFICATION OF FAILURES OF ROLLING MILL DRIVE SYSTEMS BY STATISTICAL METHODS

Failure diagnosis and defect identification of metallurgical units require, as a rule, specialised equipment and highly qualified personnel. It is shown that a new method of diagnostics based on statistical processing of only one parameter measured in real-time mode ‒ electric motor current ‒ enables to predict occurrence and development of a defect in drive systems of rolling production. A hypothesis about the possibility of using this method for identifying various types of faults has been formulated. Using the database of currents for drives of an intermediate roller-track in a continuous wide-strip mill 2000, the identification of two different reasons of roller drive failure ‒ seizure in the mechanical transmission and violation of cooling parameters was made. The features and differences of statistical analysis of current sampling at roller seizure and failure of its cooling are shown. It is found that the shape of the normalized current distribution curves of the roller conveyor and the variation of the distribution characteristics such as dispersion, kurtosis and asymmetry make it possible to predict the failure and to identify its cause. This research shows the effectiveness of this method, not only in evaluating and predicting the failure and its advance into the hazardous phase, but also in identifying the source of the failure. Further research on the main drives of rolling mills and drives of other units will form a new knowledge base for the development of diagnostic theory methods and predictive analytics of metallurgical equipment.

Development of a Method for Evaluating the Technical Condition of a Car’s Hybrid Powertrain

The article presents the results of a study performed and substantiated based on the principles of a new method of diagnostics of technical conditions of a hybrid powertrain regardless of the structural diagram and design features of a hybrid vehicle. The presented new technology of the diagnostics of hybrid powertrains allows an objective complex assessment of their technical condition by diagnostic parameters in contrast to existing diagnostic methods. In the proposed method, a mechanism for the general standardization of diagnostic parameters has been developed as well as for determining the numerical values of the parameters of the powertrain. The control subset was used to control the learning error. As a result of debugging the system, the scatter of experimental and calculated points has decreased, which confirms the quality of debugging the tested fuzzy model. As a result of training the artificial neural network, the standard deviation of the error in the control sample was 0.012·Pk. A symmetry method of diagnostics of the technical state of a hybrid propulsion system was developed based on the concept of a neural network together with a neuro-fuzzy control with an adaptive criteria based on the method of training a neural network with reinforcement. The components of the vector functional include the criteria for control accuracy, the use of traction battery energy, and the degree of toxicity of exhaust gases. It is proposed to use the principle of symmetry of the guaranteed result and the linear inversion of the vector criterion into a supercriterion to determine the technical state of a hybrid powertrain on a set of Pareto-optimal controls under unequal conditions of optimality.

Development of a microfluidic biosensor for the diagnostics and typing of <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i>

Background. Despite on the general trend towards decreasing the incidence of newly diagnosed active forms of tuberculosis, the situation with spreading of this disease in Russian Federation remains extremely tense. At the same time, the diagnosis is carried out according to the standard scheme, which takes about a month; another month takes test formulation for drug sensitivity. Thus, the development of new methods for diagnostics and typing of mycobacteria, as well as practice implementation of these developments is an urgent direction. Modern developments in the field of microfluidic technologies open up great opportunities in this direction. Aim. Development of a method for identification and typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a label-free biosensor on surface waves in a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC SM biosensor). Methods. Oligonucleotide probes were selected and synthesized as DNA targets for M. tuberculosis typing. The photonic crystal surface was modified with aqueous solutions of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextrans and bovine serum albumin. Experiments were carried out using a PC SM biosensor. Results. Sequences of detecting oligonucleotide probes were selected for spoligotyping of M. tuberculosis on the PC SM biosensor. Modification of their 3'-ends was carried out in order to create extended single-stranded regions that are not subject to the formation of secondary structures and facilitate hybridization with a single-stranded DNA target. Several series of experimental modifications of the PC surface were carried out by using L. mesenteroides dextrans with different functional groups (including detection of the modification results real time) with simultaneous registration of the increment layer size and volume refractive index of the mixture, which excludes the use of a reference cell. Other experiments were carried out to detect the specific binding of biotinylated oligonucleotide probes to the modified PC surface. Conclusions. A technique for the design of probes was developed and a model system of oligonucleotides for the detection of single-stranded DNA using a PC biosensor was proposed. The developed technique of modification of the PC surface with dextrans from L. mesenteroides, which allows to increase the sensitivity of detection of oligonucleotides using the PC SM biosensor. This approach will further expand the panel of diagnostic probes, including identification of resistance markers.

New method for diagnostics of intracystic breast cancer

The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a new way of cytological diagnosis of breast cancer, based on the premise that before aspiration the cyst contents, an ozone-oxygen mixture at a concentration of 5 ug/ml is introduced into the cyst cavity, then the mixture is evacuated with the subsequent introduction of the saline solution in a quantity of 150 % of initial volume. The cytological preparations are made for microscopic examination in order to verify morphologically the diagnosis from the obtained aspirate after centrifugation. The article highlights the results of examination of 67 patients with suspected intracystic breast cancer with usage of traditional and new methods of fine- needle aspiration biopsy. The sensitivity of the traditional method of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of this pathology according to the results of the research is 81.80 %, the sensitivity of the new method is 97.06 % (p < 0.05), which proves the expedience of usage of a new method in breast cancer detection.

Прогностичне значення впливу мікроРНК грудного молока на імунну відповідь новонароджених із затримкою внутрішньоутробного розвитку

This literature review provides current information about intrauterine growth retardation (IGR) as one of the causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is a sustaining trend to augmentation of the UGR level despite the new methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention development. Furthermore, there is high percentage of complications among children with IGR at any age. Therefore, early diagnostics of accompanying diseases in children with IGR sparks the interest, especially in view of the fact the new diagnostic methods incipience. The article highlights the features of the neonatal immune response, including the one in children with IGR. These data indicate the predominance of non-specific immune response over specific one, prevalence of generalized inflammation, decreased activity of phagocytes, neutrophils, specific antigen-presenting cells (APC) as a response to most of the Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRAs), high levels of interleukin-6 and interleuken-23. Moreover, analyzed sources demonstrate spurt of growth of the levels of proinflammatory factors, despite the fact of their relatively low levels in neonates with IGR right after birth. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines on the ground of systemic inflammation is an unfavorable factor of the course of the disease. In addition, the review contents the information about microRNA presence in the breast milk. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 19–23 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of the target gene. Breast milk microRNAs are resistant to the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract of the child and are mainly absorbed. There are the data, proving the change of the transcriptome of the breast milk microRNA depending on the gestational age, the nature of labor, the mother's diet, her medication. According to the mentioned studies, the breast milk microRNA, that are detected in the early stages of lactation (miR-155, miR-148a, miR-146b, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-17), probably change the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and regulate acuity of the child's immune response. Research of the breast milk microRNA may be important for the prediction of the presence of possible inflammatory complications in a child with IGR. We used such databases as Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, RSCI for writing the article. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine growth restriction, IGR, breast milk, microRNA, miR, immune response, immunity, review.

COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSTICS VIA DETECTION OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXTRACELLULAR NANO-VESICLES

The development of methods for effective diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment is one of the basic scientific problem. The circulating plasma contains extracellular nanovesicles (EVs) secreted mainly by blood and endothelial cells. The minor fraction of plasma EVs is produced by cells of various tissues, including cells of the intestinal epithelium. The biochemical composition of such vesicles should have tissue-specific features. Presented study was aimed to identify surface markers of EVs secreted by intestinal epithelium cells and to assess the possibility of isolating and quantification of such vesicles for the diagnosis of CRC. The cell cultures (HCT-116, HT-29, COLO-320, HuTu-80, SW837), plasma of CRC patients and healthy donors were used in the study. The methods of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dot-blotting and flow cytometry were applied for EVs characterization. With the original technology of immunosorption we have demonstrated an increased amount of CLRN3, GAL4 and Meprin A, i.e. positive EVs in plasma of CRC patients comparing to healthy donors. Based on the quantitative analysis of such EVs, new methods of diagnostics and monitoring of CRC therapy can be developed.

Estimation of oil loss depending on spill degree in industrial pipelines

The failures and damages in the process of production, gathering, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbons lead to the spills in gathering systems and pipelines and considered one of the major aspects negatively affecting the environment. Oil spills due to the various failure (damage) types in industrial oil pipelines from environmental point of view are extremely hazardous. Onshore oil spills alongside with the oil floods on the land surface are followed with their penetration to the soil. This case, in its turn, stimulates the vegetation and soil cover destruction in the failure areas, the pollution of air, water reservoirs and underground waters as well. The installation of up-to-date automated monitoring and measuring system, if possible, the development of new methods of diagnostics with the aim of well-timed specification and immediate prevention of oil spills in pipeline damages, the evaluation of their environmental impact are the urgent issues of present day. The paper shows the possibility of identification of oil spill points, as well as the estimation of the quantity of flowed out from the oil pipeline, if oil spill point is fixed.

Modern aspects of photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses

Currently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains the most effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). With the increase in the incidence of AK, mainly due to the popularization of recreation in countries with increased insolation, there is an increasing interest in developing new methods of diagnostics and treatment and improving the existing ones. Studies that are aimed at determining the final efficacy of PDT, taking into account the resulting adverse reactions and long-term cosmetic results, are becoming increasingly popular. The nature of the light needed to excite a photosensitizer (PS) opens up new possibilities in the field of experimental studies that are aimed at reducing adverse reactions with similar efficacy of the applied therapy. In the review article, we presented the results of our own and foreign studies on the diagnosis and treatment of AK for 2017–2019, namely: we determined the possibilities of using sources with natural and short-wave radiation at different depths of skin lesions; presented a classification of the growth of AK in the basal layer of the epidermis, which increases the possibility of predicting the outcomes of the disease; showed the prevailing efficiency of fluorescent diagnostics compared with traditional diagnostic methods; evaluated the advantages of PDT using natural light and artificial sources of radiation; described the possibility of using a combination of drugs to increase the effectiveness of PDT in difficult to treat areas and in AK foci with a high degree of damage to the basal layer of the epidermis.

New Method of Diagnostics and Surgical Correction of Hipo- And Avitaminosis C

New Method of Diagnostics and Surgical Correction of Hipo- And Avitaminosis C

Dynamics of Endovascular Therapy Department’s work of Scientific Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

In recent years, high medical-social importance of most nosological types of cardiovascular diseases reflects an increase of surgery activity in this medical field. The enlargement of endovascular procedures is obvious and logical process. Today Endovascular therapy department of Scientific Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation is one of the medical facility, where conducted scientific researches and new methods of diagnostics and treatment of vascular and cardiac diseases are being introduced.

ЛЕГОЧНАЯ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЯ: ОТ ABEL AYERZA ДО НАШИХ ДНЕЙ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

В приведенном обзоре представлены краткая историческая справка и современное состояние проблемы легочной гипертензии – группы тяжелых состояний, характеризующихся обструктивной перестройкой сосудистого русла легких, приводящей к прогрессирующей правожелудочковой недостаточности. Отмечено, что, несмотря на прогресс, достигнутый в понимании механизмов развития, диагностике и лечении, некоторые формы болезни остаются на текущий момент неизлечимыми, что является стимулом для специалистов разных областей для разработки и применения новых методов диагностики и лечения.

Quality of life in healthcare services: criteria, goals, prospects

The quality of life (QoL) of a patient does not refl ect the absence of disease, but the satisfaction of his/her needs and adaptation in the physical, psychological and social spheres. At the beginning of the 21st century the «Quality of Life» (QoL) concept in medicine transformed into the subject of scientifi c research and became more precise — «health related quality of life» (HRQL). In medical practice QoL is used for various purposes: to evaluate the effi ciency of modern methods in clinical science and various rehabilitation technologies, to assess the patient′s conditions severity, to determine the disease prognosis, treatment and prevention programs results. At present QoL criteria are recognized as essentials for integrated analysis of new methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention. Currently, there is an intensive development of QoL methods for the most common chronic diseases all over the world. The widespread use of QoL assessment provides health authorities with a tool for additional analysis of medical service activity, as well as for making decisions on funding priority areas.

Modeling a Stressed State in the Vicinity of an Optical Fiber Embedded in a Polymer Composite Material with Allowance for the Structural Features of the Composite

This work is concerned with two important scientific areas: mechanics of polymer composite materials (PCMs) and the development of new methods for diagnostics and monitoring of the mechanical state of a structure based on fiber-optic sensors. The nomenclature and the range of application of PCMs are expanding very rapidly. Currently, the percentage of the use of composite materials is one of the indicators of the competitiveness of the corresponding products. At the same time, theoretical results concerning the assessment of the workability of PCM structures do not always keep up with the requests of designers developing new products. Therefore, model assessments should be complemented with modern monitoring systems. Fiber-optic sensors offer opportunities for creating new monitoring scenarios. One of them is associated with the use of sensors embedded in a PCM. This gives a new kind of smart material, in which the PCM, along with its basic functions, provides information on its parameters: temperature, strain, etc. The development of this class of smart materials requires solving a number of problems. One of them, which is the subject of the present work, is the evaluation by methods of mathematical modeling of changes in the stiffness and strength characteristics of PCM products due to the integration of fiber-optical sensors into the material. In contrast to the known works, the developed computational models take into account the layered structure of a PCM, the types of layer stacking, the arrangement of layers and optical fiber, the presence of a technological defect in the form of a resin pocket with the elimination of points of stress singularity that are present in the known computational schemes. The model proposed in this work can be used to estimate the stress concentration in the layers of the composite material adjacent to the optical fiber.