New Method For Calculation Research Articles

Analysis of the local integration rate relevance as a performance indicator for the Moroccan automotive industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to define the local integration rate and how it is calculated to assess its relevance as a national performance indicator for the Moroccan automotive industry. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology first followed a systematic review approach through the analysis of published research articles and academic works. This study then followed a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with various actors in the Moroccan automotive industry. Finally, the findings of this work were reinforced by a case study to analyze the supply chain of a locally produced vehicle. Findings The results indicate that the local integration rate as calculated today overestimates the performance of the automotive industry and does not systematically guarantee a significant creation of value added. Research limitations/implications Due to the confidentiality of the data in terms of turnover, payroll and purchase prices as well as the large number of suppliers in the different supply chains of the car manufacturer, the case study focused on only one of the six existing ecosystems. Originality/value On the basis of research work on the Moroccan automotive industry as well as interviews with various actors, the local integration rate is unanimously considered as a viable performance indicator. This study has not only led us to the method of calculating this rate by the Ministry of Industry but also demonstrated its limitations while proposing a new method of calculation to increase the value added.

Calculation of Littlewood predominance diagrams for metal electrodeposition from molten chlorides using CALPHAD software and databases

Littlewood predominance diagrams are maps of phase stability with a potential in the ordinate and a pO2− on the abscissa. pO2− is the negative logarithm of the activity of O2− ions.In the current work, a new method for calculation of Littlewood predominance diagrams is presented. The method is particularly suitable for software and databases constructed according to the CALPHAD (CALculation of Phase Diagrams) methodology. This enhances the consistency of the calculations and enables inclusion of elaborate descriptions of non-stoichiometric phases. The calculation is based on Gibbs energy minimization so that identification of relevant reaction equations is not needed as input.A thermodynamic database with all the relevant phases, including metals, chlorides, oxides and oxychlorides is a perquisite for the calculation. The calculation results depend on the thermodynamic modeling and data. However, the algorithm does not depend on the details of the thermodynamic models used. That is, the same calculation method is applied irrespective of the thermodynamic model chosen. Sample calculations are given for the simple Mg-Cl-O system and for the more-complex Ca-Ti-Cl-O system. We use thermodynamic datasets published in the literature, as well as a small CALPHAD database for the Ca-Ti-Cl-O system constructed in the course of the present work.

A unique universal block in QCA technology

The limitations of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) such as high-power dissipation, short channel effects, and high lithography has prompted scientists to look forward to alternatives. Many nanotechnologies were emerged and still in the competition such as Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET), Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (CNFET), Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). QCA is a new nanoelectronics technology used a new method for calculations and it is a promising technology in terms of power dissipation. In QCA, circuit complexity is depending on cell count, area and latency. For commercial purposes a universal gate is necessary, this gate can be used alone to design any Boolean function, where in CMOS technology, the NAND or NOT gates have the ability to be a universal gate. The dominant gates in QCA are the majority gate with inverter where QCA circuits cannot be designed using only a universal gate. Because the structure of the gate is important in QCA, this paper introduces a new low complexity singular block that can be used as a universal block. The proposed block can be used to form AND, OR, NOT, Exclusive-OR (XOR) and Multiplexer (MUX). So, this block not just used to design any circuit but also it can be used to form other important functions XOR and MUX to build large circuits in an optimum form.

Midiendo el bienestar de los países: Índice de Progreso Social y PIB

Based on the contributions of Stiglitz et al. (2009) the Social Progress Index (SPI), a comprehensive measure of a country’s performance, was created. This paper proposes an alternative form of calculation and analyzes the relationship of the index with variables such as GDP or other measures of subjective well-being. The main results indicate that the new method of calculation provides more homogeneous results in terms of the classification of countries, compared to the original index. Thus, middle-income countries are the most susceptible to change, and the opportunities dimension is the one that would require special attention due to its low score and potential for improvement. Moreover, this dimension, together with GDP, has a statistically significant relationship with happiness (considered as a proxy for subjective well-being).

New Method for Fine Calculation of Bridge Temperature Field Based on BIM Solar Radiation Analysis

Fine calculation of bridge temperature fields is significant for accurately evaluating thermal actions in bridge structures. Determining thermal loads on bridge surfaces caused by solar radiation is the most challenging part of the numerical thermal analysis because the sunlit and shaded areas on bridge surfaces change continuously with the sun’s rotation. Existing methods have low accuracy in determining thermal loads and cannot be applied to complex bridges. This study presents a new method for calculating temperature fields based on the advantages of building information modeling (BIM) technology in solar radiation analysis (SRA) and information sharing. This method starts with obtaining an accurate hourly insolation distribution on bridge surfaces through SRA implemented in a BIM system. Then, a Python script seamlessly maps the insolation information to finite element surfaces as thermal loads. This paper details the new method’s implementation steps and technical details, and a practical application on a concrete box girder demonstrates its applicability and effectiveness. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method has significant advantages, such as a more accurate calculation for solar radiation, a lower technical threshold, a higher degree of automation, less computational time, and easier finite element modeling.

A method for calculating lateral surface area of bistatic radar beam overlap

It has been shown that bistatic radars using radio telescopes as receivers can be used to increase the sensitivity of orbital debris measurements over traditional terrestrial monostatic radar. A method to calculate the lateral surface area of a bistatic radar is needed to evaluate the efficacy of a proposed bistatic radar configuration for orbital debris measurements. For over three decades, models of the orbital debris (OD) environment in low Earth orbit (LEO) have been developed to assess the risk posed by OD to spacecraft. While terrestrial radar measures debris 3 mm and larger and in situ measurements provide data for debris smaller than 1 mm, no good data sources exist for debris between 1 mm and 3 mm in size. This results in large variations between competing OD models. It also happens to be the size regime which poses the highest mission-ending risk to spacecraft. It is, therefore, of interest to investigate potential new data sources for this under-sampled size regime. There are many radars and radio telescopes that could be combined to create sensitive bistatic radars that could potentially bridge the size gap. In addition to sensitivity, it is necessary to predict the expected count rate of a candidate sensor to evaluate its performance. NASA’s Orbital Debris Engineering Model (ORDEM) can be used to predict the flux of debris passing through the line of sight of a radar or telescope. This flux is related to a count rate through the calculation of the lateral surface area of the sensor. While this can be done easily for monostatic radars, a method for calculating the lateral surface area of a bistatic radar is needed. This new method of calculation has been developed and is described. The new method maps the radar beam overlap in 3D space, calculating the area of the complex surface formed by the gain product of the two antennas. Comparisons of the monostatic and new bistatic lateral surface area calculation methods for the monostatic case are presented. Results of a sample lateral surface area calculation for a bistatic radar observation configuration currently employed by NASA are shown. Finally, a guide for total error as a function of baseline and target altitude is established.

Dispersion Energy from the Time-Independent Coupled-Cluster Polarization Propagator.

We present a new method of calculation of the dispersion energy in the second-order symmetry-adapted perturbation theory. Using the Longuet-Higgins integral and time-independent coupled-cluster response theory, one shows that the general expression for the dispersion energy can be written in terms of cluster amplitudes and the excitation operators σ, which can be obtained by solving a linear equation. We introduced an approximate scheme dubbed CCPP2(T) for the dispersion energy accurate to the second order of intramonomer correlation, which includes certain classes to be summed to infinity. Assessment of the accuracy of the CCPP2(T) dispersion energy against the FCI dispersion for He2 demonstrates its high accuracy. For more complex systems, CCPP2(T) matches the accuracy of the best methods introduced for calculations of dispersion so far. The method can be extended to higher-order levels of excitations, providing a systematically improvable theory of dispersion interaction.

A new method for calculation of closed‐form response of linear time‐invariant systems to periodic input signals

AbstractA new method for finding closed‐form time‐domain solutions of linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with arbitrary periodic input signals is presented. These solutions, unlike those obtained based on the conventional Fourier‐phasor method, have a finite number of terms in one period. To implement the proposed method, the following steps are carried out: (1) For a given system, represented by a transfer function, an impulse response, a block diagram etc., the governing differential equation relating the output of the system, , to its input, , is obtained. (2) An auxiliary differential equation is formed by simply replacing with and equating the input side to alone. The auxiliary differential equation is solved for each time segment of the input signal in one period, leaving the constant coefficients associated with the homogeneous solutions as unknowns. For an nth‐order system with an input signal consisting of q segments in one period, there are such unknown coefficients. (3) Continuity of and its derivatives, at the connection points of successive segments and the periodicity conditions for the beginning and end points of the period are implemented. (4) The outcome of step 3 is a system of equations in terms of unknown coefficients described in step 2. Solving this system of equations, the solution for in one period is obtained. (5) Finally, using the linearity and differentiation properties of the system and the coefficients of the input side of the differential equation of the system, the total response, , in one period is constructed in terms of and its derivatives. For stable LTI systems, the proposed method can be used without any limitations.

New Method of Calculation of Physicochemical Parameters of Organic Compounds

New Method of Calculation of Physicochemical Parameters of Organic Compounds

A Novel Semi-Analytical Approach to the Assessment of the Equivalent Stiffness of a Beam

Abstract This paper introduces several new approaches to stiffness calculation of the composite beam with a circular cross-section. The paper poses the problem of calculating the stiffness of the fibre-reinforced winded beam and introduces a new way of stiffness calculation. The novel semi-analytical calculation represents an approach that is less time consuming than conventional calculation methods or FEA methods. The expected application of the new method of calculation is in preliminary design and design calculations.

Usefulness of Liver Uptake Rate Constant in 99mTc-GSA Scintigraphy for the Risk Stratification of Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy: A New Method for Calculation

Introduction: The use of technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin (^99mTc-GSA) scintigraphy parameters, HH15 and LHL15, in assessing the future liver remnant function is not expedient because of their nonlinear behaviour against liver volume. Uptake rate constant for the binding of ^99mTc-GSA to asialoglycoprotein receptors is probably more favourable, but the reported calculation methods are complex. We devised a simple method to calculate the uptake rate constant, KrGSA. Methods: Radioactivity counts for the entire liver and heart regions were extracted at 10, 20, and 30 min. Using whole liver and heart volumes measured from single-photon emission computed tomography images, free radioactivity corresponding to the liver blood pool was subtracted. The time activity curve was fitted to the equation L(t) = L(∞) × [1 − Exp (−kt)] using Microsoft Office Excel (add-in free programme Solver)®, where L(∞) is the count at plateau level and k denotes KrGSA. Results: KrGSA values accurately identified liver cirrhosis and were similar to the KICG. The areas under the curve for KrGSA and KICG in the receiver operating characteristic analysis were 0.808 and 0.795, respectively, and a good correlation was seen between KrGSA and KICG. Discussion/Conclusion: KrGSA can be utilized as an alternative to KICG in assessing the future liver remnant function.

Robust evaluation of regression parameters. The fuzzy theory and other models

Linear regression parameters based on fuzzy theory are compared with other statistical approaches. A new algorithm of a simple weighted least squares method, independent of a priori information, is proposed. The algorithm was verified on model data, and its adequacy was confirmed with the use of standard criteria. The algorithm has been implemented as Python language computer program. New method of calculation of the scatter of fuzzy dependent variable around its mediane value, as well as the upper and lower bonds of fuzzy regression equations have been developed and verified. Proposed methods are shown to be useful alternatives to the most popular methods for constructing linear regression, which assume a normal distribution of errors.

Superconducting System With 100 kW Output Power for Experimental Research

Development, experimental research and trial operation of systems based on devices with high temperature superconductors (HTS) are the next steps in the field of applied superconductivity. In this case new methods of calculation and design of such systems should be developed. In this paper we provide preliminary scheme of the system which include HTS generator and cable, rectifier, battery and cooling system. Besides main parameters and calculation results of main parameters of the devices are described in the paper. Considered system will be used for verification of new calculation methods for such systems and for future experimental research of HTS devices behavior.

Development of new methods for calculation of ionization constants of a number of Schiff base compounds using quantum mechanics methods

Development of new methods for calculation of ionization constants of a number of Schiff base compounds using quantum mechanics methods

Self-Consistent Microscopic Model of the Energy Spectrum of Superfluity 4He with the Hermitian Form of the Bogolyubov–Zubarev Hamiltonian

Based on the representation of collective variables with the Hermitian form of the Bogolyubov–Zubarev Hamiltonian, a self-consistent oscillator model of the ground state and excited states of a Bose liquid has been proposed. A new method of calculation of anharmonic terms in this Hamiltonian and its interpretation have been presented. The dispersion equation for a collective excitation in superfluid 4He has been obtained in a self-consistent way, where the real and virtual processes of decay of a collective excitation are considered. The end point, which is determined by the threshold of collective excitation's decay into two rotons, of the dispersion curve has been obtained, and it is shown that the dispersion curve strongly depends on the property of its stability. An approach with a structure factor has been realized without use of any fitting parameters. Based on the oscillator model, a new method of self-consistent calculation of the ground-state energy and the density of a Bose condensate has been proposed. The model of suppression of a Bose condensate has been presented.

Determination of equivalent axle load factors with the use of strain energy of distortion

The paper proposes a new method for calculation of equivalent axle load factors based on the analysis of strain energy of distortion induced in road pavements by traffic loads. The main advantage of the method is the more accurate calculation of the effects of multiple axles and super single versus dual tyres. The methodconsiders the location of critical points, at which strain energy of distortion reaches extreme values. When single axles are considered, the function of equivalent axle load factor takes on the form of the well-known power equation with the exponent ranging from 2.7 to 5.3. It was proved that the damaging effect of triple axles on asphalt pavement is several times higher than the damaging effect of three single axles carrying the same load, but at a greater distance to each other. Due to this fact, traffic load may be significantly underestimated in many pavement design methods.

МЕТОД РАСЧЕТА НЕОБХОДИМОЙ ПРОЧНОСТИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ПУТИ С УЧЕТОМ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ ЕГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Strength of a railway track is determined by strength and a distributing ability of bearing elements (rails, plates, sleepers, ballast and subgrade). All things being equal, the higher the strength of the material for bearing elements of a railway track or the better the distributing ability of elements (rails, sleepers, plates, ballast), the higher the strength of a railway track. The paper presents a new method for calculation of the required strength of a railway track with the consideration for the intensity of its use. The required distributing ability of rails is determined based on the fulfilment of strength conditions for sleepers, ballast and subgrade. According to rules of the strength calculation of a railway track, values of influence of rolling stock wheels are calculated in one (calculated) cross section of a railway track. Meanwhile, statistical properties that are characterized by a variation coefficient are determined by various influences on a track in the calculated cross section of different wheels of rolling stock. With the use of a system of equations it is possible to calculate the required strength of the railway track with the consideration for the intensity of its use.

Classification of multi-stage voltage sags and calculation of phase angle jump based on Clarke components ellipse

Multi-stage voltage sag is one of the problems in the power system that requires classification and separation of stages to recognize this phenomenon. An algorithm for classification of multi-stage voltage sags based on the ellipse drawn by Clarke's transformation components is presented in this paper. The proposed algorithm has the ability to detect if the voltage sag is single-stage or multi-stage, and separates the various stages of multi-stage voltage sag using the point-on-wave of initiation and recovery parameters that is the novelty of this paper. Also a new method for calculation the phase angle jump by considering the zero Clarke component in drawing an ellipse is presented. The proposed method has a better accuracy than the previous method, which did not consider the zero component of the Clarke's transform. For validation, the method is tested with real data provided by the Department of Energy and the Electric Power Research Institute and compared with the previous method. A 12-bus distribution network has also been used to evaluate the performance of the multi-stage voltage sags classification algorithm accurately. This 33 kV network has distributed generation sources and various types of multi-stage voltage sags have been created in this network that show the efficiency of the algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to classify any type of multi-stage voltage sag.

Determination of hydraulic resistance of channels using spectral geometry methods

In this paper, we propose a new method for calculation of hydraulic resistance of channels with constant cross-section. The method is based on the obtained estimates for the average energy dissipation rate in a turbulent flow. The first part of the paper is devoted to theoretical justification of the method. The second part is devoted to calculation of hydraulic resistance of various channels using the above-mentioned method and comparison of these values with the known results. The proposed method allows for calculation of hydraulic resistance of various channels with sufficiently high accuracy and is based only on the information about the channel geometry.

Falling Ball Viscometer using Inductive Proximity Sensor

Abstract: Viscosity is the one of the major parameters to be considered in fluid related experiments and also in many industries. A new method of calculation of Dynamic Viscosity using the Viscometer which is easy for experimentation, with less calculation efforts, simple in design, construction with min. investment and no or minimum maintenance. This Paper intends to find the viscosity of Opaque fluids using falling ball viscometer. Falling Ball Viscometer works with Strokes law as the correction factor is multiplied in the calculation. As the correction factor is derived from the outcomes from the experiment and C-Code was written to make the calculation more efficient.