New Generation Of Architects Research Articles

Portuguese Architecture in Transit(ion)

In the final years of the Estado Novo regime (1933–1974), the Amsterdam Town Hall International Competition of 1967 presents the opportunity for seven teams of Portuguese architects to confront their own reality and rehearse distinct visions of building and city. From a national context, politically and geographically distant from the heart of the disciplinary debate of the 1960s, the proposals submitted set the terms on which Portugal competes in Amsterdam, revealing in the diversity of approaches and experiences forwarded by this new generation of architects the vitality of Portuguese architecture on its path to internationalisation. This article retraces the Portuguese participation in the Amsterdam Town Hall Competition to refute the generalised idea of cultural mismatch with the European scene of the time and assesses the impact of this particular event on the transition of Portuguese architecture to international recognition, an impact that Portuguese architecture historiography has to this day completely ignored.

System I/O Optimization with SoC, SiP, PCB Co-Design

Abstract The increasing complexity of system on chips (SoCs) combined with a new generation of designs that combine multiple chips in a single package is creating new challenges in the design of packages, printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuits (ICs). The process typically involves three independent design processes – chip, package and PCB – carried out with point tools whose interface requires time-consuming manual processes that are error-prone and limit the potential for reuse. This challenge is being addressed by a new integrated 3D chip/package/board co-design environment that makes it possible to holistically optimize the package, board and IC design to a greater degree than was possible in the past by considering the system-level impact of each design decision. The new co-design approach enables designers to optimize routability via pin assignment and I/O placement to achieve minimum layer counts between chip, package and board. The end result is higher performance.

La obra de Jesús T. Acevedo en la construcción y conservación de los bienes culturales inmuebles mexicanos

Las lecturas son un medio básico en la formación profesional y para la arquitectura son imperantes durante el proceso de formación y (re)planteamiento de conceptos e impresiones sobre el tema, en especial cuando se acerca la inevitable discusión sobre la dirección que toma la arquitectura. Para el caso de México, los textos sobre arquitectura han ido modificándose con el paso del tiempo, adoptando la constancia proveniente de occidente, sin embargo, existen baluartes que erigieron los cimientos del análisis crítico sobre el camino de la arquitectura y especialmente en el ámbito de la conservación de los bienes culturales inmuebles. La figura del arquitecto Jesús T. Acevedo y su obra literaria debería catalogarse como de valor canónico y su (re)lectura representa un acto clave para la (re)escritura del camino de las nuevas generaciones de arquitectos.

El panorama gráfico arquitectónico de los ochenta. Arquitecturas de escape y dibujos de resistencia

<p>Durante los años ochenta del siglo pasado, se dieron las condiciones para reivindicar un pensamiento crítico capaz de extender el discurso de la arquitectura a la sociedad. Desde algunas escuelas de arquitectura que apostaron por una arquitectura más diversa y culturalmente accesible al gran público, se procuró el acceso a su producción gráfica mediante iniciativas de difusión que incluían publicaciones, exposiciones y otros eventos. A través de un dibujo más lúdico que había incorporado elementos de la publicidad o la cultura pop, una nueva generación de arquitectos, pretendían expresar su desacuerdo con el corsé estético impuesto por los postulados de la modernidad. En su diversidad, estas propuestas gráficas poseen una serie de elementos comunes: la transgresión de los sistemas de representación convencionales, la inclusión de elementos dinámicos mediante la incorporación de escenas al más puro estilo cinematográfico, y el deseo de introducir narraciones paralelas al discurso arquitectónico.</p>

STUDYING THE HUMAN SCALE AND PROPORTIONALITY OF MOSQUE BUILDINGS: SOME SELECTED CASE STUDIES IN ERBIL CITY

Human scale and proportion have an important role in building design as they provide and create aesthetics and sense of place. In architecture, the human scale and proportion are based on the dimensions and proportions of the human body. The mosque is an important institution of Islam and is considered as a symbol of Islamic architecture. Also, it is a place of spiritual connection with God. This study aimed at addressing whether the human scale and proportionality have been used in mosques in the past and present. The objective of this research is to show if mosques in Erbil city built in different periods were concentrated on human scale and proportion to achieve aesthetic and comfort inside its prayer halls. To achieve it, three cases (the Great Mosque of Erbil Citadel, Rashad Mufty Mosque, and Madina Mnawara Mosque) were selected. The golden ratio was used as a technique method to measure and to see if the human scale and proportion were applied. From the three selected mosques, results show that none of them used the golden ratio completely in their designs. The highest value of golden ratio was achieved in the prayer hall of Rashad Mufty mosque with (82%) and the Great Mosque of Erbil citadel with (74%) consequently, while only 61% of the golden ratio was achieved in Madina Mnawara mosque. This study prompts the new generation of architects in Erbil city to consider human scale and proportionality through the application of a certain method, such as the golden ratio in the design of buildings in general and mosque buildings in particular.

"Architectural Psychology" – a Challenge for a New Generation of Architects

"Architectural Psychology" – a Challenge for a New Generation of Architects

Modern Architecture in Latin America: Art, Technology, and Utopia

Modern Architecture in Latin America: Art, Technology, and Utopia

HyperCell: A Bio-inspired Design Framework for Real-time Interactive Architectures

This pioneering research focuses on Biomimetic Interactive Architecture using “Computation”, “Embodiment”, and “Biology” to generate an intimate embodied convergence to propose a novel rule-based design framework for creating organic architectures composed of swarm-based intelligent components. Furthermore, the research boldly claims that Interactive Architecture should emerge as the next truly Organic Architecture. As the world and society are dynamically changing, especially in this digital era, the research dares to challenge the Utilitas, Firmitas, and Venustas of the traditional architectural Weltanschauung, and rejects them by adopting the novel notion that architecture should be dynamic, fluid, and interactive. This project reflects a trajectory from the 1960’s with the advent of the avant-garde architectural design group, Archigram, and its numerous intriguing and pioneering visionary projects. Archigram’s non-standard, mobile, and interactive projects profoundly influenced a new generation of architects to explore the connection between technology and their architectural projects. This research continues this trend of exploring novel design thinking and the framework of Interactive Architecture by discovering the interrelationship amongst three major topics: “Computation”, “Embodiment”, and “Biology”. The project aims to elucidate pioneering research combining these three topics in one discourse: “Bio-inspired digital architectural design”.

HyperCell: A Bio-inspired Design Framework for Real-time Interactive Architectures

HyperCell: A Bio-inspired Design Framework for Real-time Interactive Architectures

Anesthesia Medication Handling Needs a New Vision.

Anesthesia Medication Handling Needs a New Vision.

Design thinking models for architectural education

<p>Technology advancements have profound impact on design thinking in architecture, professional practice and architectural education. New models of representation, along with computational design thinking and innovative approaches in digital fabrication bring new demands for the rethinking of educational pedagogy for the new generation of architects in the digital age. While learning by making has been deeply rooted in the process of architectural education, digital modes of design, representation and manufacturing reconcile the dual nature of design process that has traditionally oscillated between drawing and making, visual and material. In this paper, the relationship between making process in design-led research and other aspects that challenge architectural education are analyzed and described. Along with emerging trends in this topic, current design-led research position and strategies at some Australasia schools of architecture are presented.</p>

A shape grammar approach to contextual design: A case study of the Pol houses of Ahmedabad, India

In architecture, context refers to the surrounding area or setting in which the building is placed. In architectural theory and practice, context plays an important role in proposing architectural vocabulary. Since the mid-20th-century, creating harmony with traditional context amidst growing development has been a major concern and interest of designers. Contextualism theory in architecture refers to the relationship between new buildings and the existing surroundings while addressing the issue of fitting new to old structures together to achieve congruence and continuity. The analysis of traditional architectural style significantly influences a designer’s decision-making process when adopting contextual design approach. In this study, a shape grammar approach is proposed to create a harmonious environment through the generation of new designs based on the grammar of existing architectural style without curbing the designer’s creativity. This paper demonstrates the pattern-generating quality of traditional Pol row houses of Ahmedabad, India. The grammar of the traditional Pol house forms the architectural context for the new in-fill development in the area. The shape grammar approach to architectural design is examined as a process of interpreting the context as socio-cultural experience through rule schema when addressing the issue of contemporary demands and needs. Here, shape grammar is explored as a tool to analyse the existing design through the generation of new designs. The grammar differs from the previous work in terms of the derivation method and identification of the clues for rule schema in the Indian context. This method has been examined in the process of resolving the issue of unsympathetic development by providing design variations within the grammar for in-fill development to derive spatial clues for generation of new designs, which would be argued as the first step towards achieving aesthetic congruence.

Understanding Localness of Built Form at the Urban Scale: Case of Karachi, Pakistan

Many cities in the developing world aspire to imitate cities of the West in their built form, since for them this represents ‘modernism’ and the future. Pakistan is a young country and the contribution of a new generation of architects and planners has been inspired by the West, in the post-modern traditions; and not informed by the local cultural, social, and physical aspects of the society. Karachi, within Pakistan, has recently seen the construction of a number of buildings and urban design projects that conform to the international concepts of entrepreneurship and innovation and are a response to the desire of politicians to create a global image for the city. Using the Urdu word maqamiat in relation to the built form, this research assesses what it means for a city to be local in the context of Karachi, being specific, having particular variables impacting the built form, but dealing with similar issues of identity crises as other formally colonized nations. A combination of deductive and inductive research approach that arches over mixed methods is used in order to reveal the nature and value of maqamiat in the built form. Semi structured interviews, focus groups, urban morphological documentation, archive review, and personal observation methods have been used for data collecting. Content, narrative, and focus group analyses are used to interpret data. This research is part of a PhD that was undertaken at Oxford Brookes University from 2012- 2016. The research postulates lessons from its study of local processes of built form production about the value given to local places by indigenous communities and the impact of global forces through image ability, aesthetics, and style.

Understanding Localness of Built Form at the Urban Scale: Case of Karachi, Pakistan

Many cities in the developing world aspire to imitate cities of the West in their built form, since for them this represents ‘modernism’ and the future. Pakistan is a young country and the contribution of a new generation of architects and planners has been inspired by the West, in the post-modern traditions, and not informed by the local cultural, social and physical aspects of the society. Karachi, within Pakistan, has recently seen the construction of a number of buildings and urban design projects that conform to the international concepts of entrepreneurship and innovation, and are a response to the desire of politicians to create a global image for the city.Using the Urdu word maqamiat in relation to the built form, this research assesses what it means for a city to be local in the context of Karachi, being specific, having particular variables impacting the built form, but dealing with similar issues of identity crises as other formally colonized nations. A combination of deductive and inductive research approach that arches over mixed methods is used, in order to reveal the nature and value of maqamiat of built form. Semi structured interviews, focus groups, urban morphological documentation, archive review and personal observation methods have been used for data collecting. Content, narrative and focus group analyses are used to interpret data.This research is part of a PhD that was undertaken at Oxford Brookes University from 2012- 2016. The research postulates lessons from its study of local processes of built form production, the value given to local places by indigenous communities and the impact of global forces through imageability, aesthetics and style.

Transdisciplinarity: A New Generation of Architects and Mediocritas

The discussion about the legitimacy of architecture being an autonomous discipline or a part of an interrelated system of areas of knowledge has been extensively discussed during the Postmodern period as a tendency of searching for meaning outside of the conventional disciplinary boundaries (Hillier & Leaman 1976; Lefaivre & Tzonis 1984; Hays 1998; Eisenman 2000; Piotrowski & Robinson 2001; Hays & Kogod 2002; Anderson 2002). This article connects the scenario described by Fraser (2005) and Wigley (Stuart 2011) where architecture needs to be considered in an expanded field as consequence of the post-critical period, to the work of a new generation of architects whose interest lies on questions that are peripheral to architecture strictly speaking. The type of architecture that emerges in this scenario is characterised by a proclivity towards other disciplines, including politics, economics and social studies, resulting in a form of design outside of traditional architectural disciplinary boundaries and diluted into a generalised idea. The article presents a series of examples of recent projects and discusses the impact of their approach to architecture, offering a cautionary note. As a conclusion, this paper proposes the notion of mediocritas to establish a right balance between architecture as an autonomous discipline and its disciplinary dislocation with other cultural fields.

Designing the Emigre Magazine Index: Theory and Practice in an Alternative Research Tool

Emigre magazine, published from 1984–2005, is often considered a provocative example of experimental publishing, critical writing, and design authorship. Its message remains relevant today, as designers continue to question their roles and the status quo, within and beyond the discipline’s boundaries. To heighten the magazine’s visibility to scholars and a new generation of designers, this author designed a public program focused on Emigre at the Goldstein Museum of Design. The result of this research is the Emigre Magazine Index, an online finding tool that situates the contents of all sixty-nine issues, including typefaces, contributors, and their works, in an interactive context. The Index is publicly accessible and points toward, but does not reproduce, the physical magazine issues. In this paper, the theory and practice behind the project are discussed in relation to hierarchy and navigational issues, digitization challenges, and the significant role that design can play in these things.

A Brief History of African Fashion

In the last decade, a new generation of designers in Africa and the wider diaspora has started to rise through the fashion industry’s ranks. These talents are riding the wider wave of global interest in Africa’s cultural, economic, and technological ascension and are also taking advantage of improved infrastructure, education, and governance. According to the World Bank, Africa now boasts seven of the ten fastest growing economies. In addition, over 300 million Africans can currently be considered as middle class, while the number of high-net-worth individuals continues to grow. International investment is flooding into the continent, and the manufacturing, financial, corporate, technology, and telecommunications sectors are booming. This has a trickle-down effect not just upon fashion but all of the creative industries. Music, literature, film, and art are all gaining traction. Added to this is the fact that an estimated seventy percent of Africa’s population is under the age of thirty. It is this new generation of upwardly mobile designers who, possessed with a global vision, are beginning to shine so brightly. Whereas fashion was not traditionally seen as a viable occupation within Africa, today’s designers are making desirable, well-made, well-marketed collections that hang from rails all over the world.

Gasp and stretch one's eyes. Richard Hudson in conversation with Peter Farley

In 1992, Jonathan Miller's biographer, Michael Romain, wrote of Miller's tenure at the Old Vic: ‘With Hudson leading the way (combining painterly and sculptural elements in his design to dramatic effect), the Old Vic provided an outlet for the talents of a new generation of designers – Anthony McDonald, The Brothers Quay, Peter J. Davidson, Nigel Lowery. Their work, whether abstract or expressionist, maintained an emphasis on the freedom of the imagination from the constraints of literal representation: in short, a European style’.1

Sustainable Product-Service System Design applied to Distributed Renewable Energy fostering the goal of sustainable energy for all

Energy is a fundamental imperative to the quest for sustainable development. The current challenge is to provide sustainable energy solutions for all, whilst concomitantly increasing the access to energy and improving its efficiency. Within this perspective, design Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) need to be able to equip design students with a broad knowledge base, as well as effective methods and tools so that a new generation of designers (and design educators) can play an active role in the development and diffusion of sustainable energy systems. This is the ambition of the Learning Network on Sustainable Energy Systems (LeNSes) project – an African-European multi-polar network for curricula development on Product-Service System (S.PSS) Design for Sustainability applied to Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE). The research working hypothesis of the LeNSes project is that S.PSS could be effectively applied to DRE, representing a promising opportunity to couple several benefits: economical, environmental, and socio-ethical ones.

Characterization of a Semiconductor Packaging System utilizing Through Glass Via (TGV) Technology

Recent developments in hole formations in glass, metalizations in the holes, and glass to glass sealing are enabling a new generation of designs to achieve higher performance while leveraging a wafer level packaging approach for low cost packaging solutions. The need for optical transparency, smoother surfaces, hermetic vias, and a reliable platform for multiple semiconductors is growing in the areas of MEMS, Biometric Sensors, Medical, Life Sciences, and Micro Display packaging. This paper will discuss the types of glass suitable for packaging needs, hole creation methods and key specifications required for through glass vias (TGV's). Creating redistribution layers (RDL) or circuit layers on both sides of large thin glass wafer poses several challenges, which this paper will discuss, as well as, performance and reliability of the circuit layers on TGV wafers or substrates. Additionally, there are glass-to-glass welding techniques that can be utilized in conjunction with TGV wafers with RDL, which provide ambient glass-to-glass attachments of lids and standoffs, which do not outgas during thermal cycle and allow the semiconductor devices to be attached first without having to reflow at lower temperatures. Fabrication challenges, reliability testing results, and performance of this semiconductor packaging system will be discussed in this paper.