New Forms Of Culture Research Articles

Editorial

This special issue of Euxeinos explores the ways that urban Poles, German-Austrians, Ukrainians and Soviets have imagined and constructed an image of the Carpathian mountains from the mid-19th century to the current day. The city is often seen as the epitome and engine of modernization and progress, whether through trade, technological advancements, or industrial development. It is in the city that cultural institutions, commerce, and political power predominantly reside. Urban centers, whether large or small, have been the epicenters of massive mediatization, shaping our imagination of places beyond the cities. Urban dwellers have actively imagined, reinvented, and transformed rural life, often through a process of destruction and reconstruction. Folk arts and rural lifestyles were invented and reinvented, imagined, and reimagined, resulting in new forms of culture. Natural phenomena, like mountains and rural areas, were transformed into imaginary spaces that expressed anxieties about urban conditions, community bonds, environmental crises, human relations and power structures. The landscape became integral to depicting practices and imposing ideas about belonging, authenticity, roots, communities, states, hierarchies, and borders.

Globalization’s Impact on Culture: An Exploration of McDonaldization vs. Clash of Civilizations

This theoretical article sets out to conceptualize the notions of McDonaldization and the clash of civilizations in a globalized context and propose a middle-of-the-road solution in this dichotomy, i.e., hybridization. As cultures and cultural values constantly evolve and reshape and new forms of culture emerge, cultural hybridization is the preferred viewpoint adopted herein. In essence, cultural expressions (such as values, beliefs, and ideas) interact and engage with one another, promoting and broadening cultural offerings.

Economic and Socio-cultural Changes at the Edge of Eras: Post-industrial Society

The article offers an analysis of the most famous scientific works of the 20th century (such as, С. Clark, J. Fourastié, D. Bell, T. Roszak, H.-M. McLuhan, T. Stonier, R. Katz, F. Webster, Z. Brzezinski, A. Toffler, A. Toynbee, J. Baudrillard, J.-F. Lyotard, etc.), related to the study of the key concepts of the information age, its objective foundations of development, which formed the main scientific, sociopolitical currents of the last century, opened perspectives for the development of modern political thought and possible ways of forming society in the 21st century. What happened at the end (or rather in the second half) of the 20th century, forcing even conservative skeptics to recognize the end of a long era of industrial development? The reasons for these processes, as shown by social and socio-political processes, must be sought in the economy. In addition to the primary and secondary sectors of the economy, there has always been a tertiary sector related to the sphere of services. In the second half of the 20th century thanks to the development of technology, the importance of the tertiary, service sector of the economy began to grow steadily, which marked the end of the era of industrial society and the beginning of a new, post-industrial history. The consequence of this was the emergence of new forms of culture and the transformation of social relations. The concepts of “post-industrial society,” “information society,” and “information age” are often mentioned in journalistic texts of the mass media and scientific publications. However, if you set yourself the goal of understanding what a post-industrial society or the information revolution is, it will not be so easy. Different authors often put their own meaning into these concepts, thus turning their texts into what is called in psychoanalysis a flow of free associations. The intention to make certain corrections to the concept of “post-industrial society,” to outline the main trends and features of the postmodern era, and explore the potential consequences of its influence on various spheres of life of modern civilization, became the reason for the creation of this article.

Formation of the Future Tourism Specialists’ Cultural Experience in the Conditions of the Digital Society

Abstract. The integration of Ukraine into the international tourism space requires the training of future specialists in the field of tourism who are ready to work in the conditions of a digital society on the basis of intercultural dialogue. In this context, the problem of forming their cultural experience on the ground of intercultural communicative interaction with observance of network principles is actualized. The purpose of the article is to study new forms of culture of the electronic type, to analyse the possibilities of introducing digital technologies in the process of forming the cultural experience of future specialists in the sphere of tourism. Research methods were used to achieve the defined goal: system-structural method; abstract-logical; statistical methods; modelling method. Results. Deep structural transformations in the tourism industry are accelerating the pace of transformations of individual and collective cultural practices in which computer visualization is used. It is about the introduction of innovative forms of digital transformation, new Internet technologies, and the construction of cultural practices of spatial mobility into the process of forming the future tourism specialists` cultural experience. Cultural experience involves the creation of effective ways of interacting with the audience using digital means and the implementation of them in the process of professional training. As a result, the hierarchy of values of modern travel in virtual space is changing; new configurations of tourism with elements of digital culture are being formed. The personalization of tourist behaviour models for future specialists in the field of tourism is realized thanks to electronic resources, elements of remote technologies, multimedia equipment that function in the educational environment (MOODLE). Conclusions. The formation of the future tourism specialists` cultural experience in the conditions of the digital society takes place under the conditions of virtual reality of the 21st century, which changes the models of tourist behaviour, makes corrections in individual and collective cultural tourism practices.

Lyric poetry in the information society

Poetry seems to have become a kind of a foreign body in the modern society because it does not contain what we call information. But while information conveys actual truth, poetry can articulate the other one: while the permanent flood of information puts people into constant tension and emotional unrest, poetry can provide counterbalance. With the information society spreading worldwide, new forms of culture have emerged alongside with new forms of work, and rap is one of them. Just as one recognizes both opportunities and dangers in the information society, this new form of poetry is also judged aesthetically, ethically and sociologically in very different ways. This is not surprising, since there are very ordinary as well as artistic forms of rap.

Participatory Culture Communication in the Preservation of Sundanese Manuscripts

As relics of the past, ancient manuscripts are able to provide information on various aspects of the lives of past communities such as politics, economics, socio-culture, traditional medicine, the veil of earthquakes or natural phenomena, human physiology, and so on. The values of this information are needed to relate the good values of the past to be applied today. Media offerings related to Sundanese manuscripts are limited. Among of limited information from the website, www.kiraga.com emerged as one of the public parties that participated to preservation of this cultural heritage, especially in the scope of Sundanese manuscripts. Participation culture is defined as a new form of culture that develops due to the support of information technology, where individuals or members of a community can participate in the creation and distribution of content. This research is qualitative research with case study method, researchers try to analyze the participatory culture of kairaga.com website in preserving Sundanese manuscripts. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. From the results of the research, the website manager collaborated with Pustaka Sunda, Sakola Aksara Sunda Cianjur, Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusantara (Manassa), Jagongan Naskah (Jangkah) with various circles of Sundanese manuscript lovers both from within and outside country to become an integral part of cultural expansion because it increases the community's ability to collaborate, namely developing and disseminating news, ideas, and creative works and connecting with people who have the same goals and interests in this case content development.

Children's Blogging as a Factor of Cultural Transformations

The purpose of the work is to find out the importance of children's blogging for the socialisation and formation of personal qualities of children, to reveal the influence of this phenomenon on the transformation of cultural forms. The research methodology was based on the use of general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis – to develop the source base of the article; as well as specifically scientific, in particular semiotic, helped to find out the mechanism of the emergence of cyber culture, and diachronic-synchronous: children's blogging is considered both in historical development with a cultural interpretation of the results, and linearly – in one historical period of time. Scientific novelty. We have found that currently children's blogging is one of the determining factors in the development of children as individuals and causes the emergence of new forms of culture, in particular, cyber culture. Conclusions. Culture involves the transmission from one generation to the next of historically acquired rules of behaviour, spiritual, and material values for the preservation and development of society. It used to provide direct communication between generations. Nowadays, young people balance between two realities – social and virtual, so they often acquire social and cultural experience primarily on the Internet. Blogs are clearly shaping the preferences of today's children, shaping their cultural self-awareness and defining intercultural competence, and in the future, such a process will acquire even greater dimensions. This led to the emergence of a new generation – bearers of cyber culture, namely, information culture, which as a new cultural model actualises a qualitatively new worldview with corresponding value attitudes, moral and ethical norms, social roles, and models of human behaviour in society.
 Key words: children's blogging, cyber culture, information culture, intercultural competence, social and virtual realities, Internet.

Creative Traditions and Cultural Projects: Re-thinking Heritage through Experience

The article investigates the potential of project activities and project culture in creating novel conditions for introducing and re-thinking the complex nature of heritage, its transmission, practice, and new applications. Today, preindustrial knowledge, skill, and practice are interpreted rather as heritage that carries the potential of “creative traditions.” In modern societies, they can be incorporated in different fields—from educational programs for kids and adolescents to the tendency to integrate them into creative projects and cultural and creative industries. A key role in this process is played by ethnologists and anthropologists as researchers and interpreters of cultural heritage, but also as “cultural workers.” The paper is based on the case study of a project in the textile field, where elements of intangible cultural heritage were used and re-thought in the context of new forms of culture (ArtLabs for experimenting and innovation in textile art, a storytelling event, a festival, creative interpretations, and sensory and emotional experiences). Here we present and analyze a project that used an integrated approach to cultural heritage, carried out in 2019 in the city of Plovdiv, with the participation of ethnologists, anthropologists, artists, and students.

The Concept of Culture in F. R. Leavis’s Critical Writings

Culture is an umbrella term under which come many things such as social behavior, knowledge, beliefs, habits, and customs. The concept of culture is one of the concepts that discussed and examined by different critics, among whom is F. R. Levis. The current research paper is aimed at analyzing the concept of culture in F. R. Leavis’s critical writings and his notes towards the definition of culture. This research paper opens a new window to the study of Leavis’s critical works. For Leavis, culture is only attainable by the educated elite. He stated that the cultured man is the one who is interested in literature and arts, and literature and arts represent what is good in the tradition of culture. Therefore, he opposed Marxism because it creates a literature that humiliates the human spirit. He also declared his dissatisfaction with the industrial society because of the emergence of the new cultural forms such as television, films, computer, and internet such as television, films, computer, and internet, which pose a threat to the living culture. That is to say, these new forms of culture are harmful because they have great impact on the local cultures. In brief, Leavis is narrow and dogmatic in his analysis of the concept of culture. He is supposed not to confine culture to the educated elite and to accept the new cultural forms because they have their actual existence that cannot be ignored.

Under the Sign of Ariel: Disputed Territories, Rising Tides, and Literary Mauritius

Abstract The continued strategic importance of the Indian Ocean has led to contests over the sovereignty and integrity of its islands and territorial waters. Francophone Mauritian writers have been vocal about a situation they have denounced as unacceptable. Their literary engagement with our fragile planet and its species offers strong aesthetic responses to urgent political impasses. Ananda Devi’s eponymous character Joséphin entertains a relation with the Indian Ocean that can be read as a layered parable of the end of man. Her novel is a brilliant poetic translation of Michel Foucault’s view of history careening toward the vanishing point of the human as well as a powerful echo of traditional Hindu cultural beliefs about the continuum between human and animal life-forms, about rebirth and regeneration. For Édouard Maunick, the island itself is the site of a creative beginning, where new forms of culture and identity are created in the crucibles of colonization and creolization. For Marie-Thérèse Humbert, ocean waves are the ambivalent vector of a rebirth that returns the island and its occupants—human, animal, vegetal and elemental—to a utopian state of uneasy equilibrium beyond the lies and vagaries of neocolonial dispossession.

A case study to understand the sentiments of the monpas with the rise of christianity in Tawang district

Arunachal Pradesh is a home to 26 major tribe and more than 100 sub tribes. Each tribe has its own beliefs, customs, dialect, attire, faith and religion. These give people a sense of who they are and from where they belong. Basically, these give an identity to an individual. Today, in Arunachal Pradesh majority of the people are renouncing their indigenous faith and started embracing Christianity as their religion. Modernity in the form of Christianity has brought in a new form of culture and people are losing it own identity. However, Christianity has not been able to make significant inroads to the Monpa tribe, where people are predominantly Buddhist. Recently, a construction of a church in the region of Tawang has sparked controversies between Christians and Buddhists community. In this context, the present study tried to analyse the growing controversies between these two communities. The study also tried to understand the rise of Christianity and people's perspective towards Christianity in Tawang region. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. During the course of study, it is found that Buddhism in the Tawang has a deep root as it was institutionalized more than 300 years ago. Majority of Monpas are very conservative and devoted to Buddhism. They see Christians as aggressive proselytizer, whose only intension is to convert one's belief. Monpas were afraid of losing their identity if Christians were allowed to construct church in the district. On the other hand, the Christians believe that there should be space for both the religions and Monpas have no right to take hold of the basic fundamental right. The issue is still underway; there is a need of mutual understanding between these two communities by considering the religious sentiments, and to maintain peace, tranquility and communal harmony in the state.

A CYBERCULTURE STUDY: K-POP AND THE NEW MEDIA - BTS AND TWITTER

This paper intends to describe, analyze, and reflect on the presence of K-Pop in the cybernetic environment, as a cultural and artistic manifestation of the XXI century, as well as to study and evaluate the participation of the band BTS (and its fan community) in the social network Twitter, looking for an understanding of its identity and contribution to the cyberculture universe. The importance of “Korean Pop” for the global music industry is, in present times, an undeniable fact, because of the success of several artists and groups of Korean heritage and/or managed by labels from South Korea that have been occupying the top places in charts previously dominated by Anglo-Saxon performers. The band Bangtan Sonyeondan, known worldwide as BTS, formed by Big Hit Entertainment in 2010, is pointed by the critics and specialists as one of the most successful and mediatic groups of the last years. The comparisons between the Beatlemania from the 60s and the behaviour of its fan base (self-proclaimed Army) are quite common. In this context, we intend to study this cultural phenomenon as a new form of culture and interaction between artists and admirers, using social media and new socialization techniques created and adapted to cyberspace.
 
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Revisiting Jomo Kenyatta’s Nation Branding through the Construction of National Identity in Kenya.

This study analysed nation branding through the mobilisation of elements of Kenya’s national identity under Jomo Kenyatta’s regime. Nation branding and national identity perspectives are used to deepen the understanding of how Kenya constructed and branded its identity. It advances the notion that, as Kenya transitioned from colonialism to independence, a new nation was reimagined and redefined by mobilising elements of national identity and according them new meanings. The study is founded on the notion that the concept of nation branding is not new, nor is the practice since nations have historically reinvented themselves due to the changing circumstances. For Kenya, nation branding can be traced to the period following independence through the construction of the country’s national identity. This process was marked with the mobilisation of Kenya’s cultural elements aimed at replacing customs and traditions of the British constructed during the colonial period. Kenya’s nationalist leaders were motivated by the idea that colonialism had led to the emergence of a new breed of Africans shaped by and practising British cultures; a new form of culture that was neither African nor British or a new hybrid; and a group of Africans who were firmly attached to their African traditions. The need by Jomo Kenyatta, therefore, to change the colonial image to one that resonated with independent Kenya, as well as to assert his rule called for the replacement of the sonic and visual elements of British identity with those resonating with the new nation.

Family videography is a highly demanded genre of modern popular culture

The subject of this research is a new form of creativity emerging in the social environment – family videography. This is one of the first articles dedicating to this developing genre of popular culture. The author touches upon the general changes that take place in modern creative environment, the role and relevance of the new forms of culture. The modern period is characterized by transition of many exclusive creative knowledge into popular culture. The knowledge in the field of cinematography is of particular demand. Youth is fascinated with the art of cinematography, audio engineering, and film directing. There are new technologies that allow learning and working from any corner of the planet. What used to be just a dream becomes the reality of a new world. The article outlines the current trends in youth culture – seeking new forms and personal fulfillment in a new sphere. The new forms of culture emerge from the depths of professional creativity and affect the formation of moral, aesthetic, and social values of people. The question is raised whether these forms of culture can be considered art. The authors reflect on the topic art through the prism of new direction – family videography. The aesthetics of family cinematography has not become the subject of systemic research. The authors provide a scientific definition to family videography. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the modern period is characterized by the transition of many professional creative knowledge into the sphere of popular culture; 2) multiple training events and schools of art are created on the online platforms; 3) new genres, among which is family videography, are created by amateurs in art environment. The scientific novelty lies in analysis of establishment of this new genre, and reflection on whether it can be attributed as art.

A Return to Culture: Literature as Ecology

Literature is an important part of French national identity and cultural patrimony, as seen in the hype around the literary rentrée each year and the prestige economy that continues to mark French literature with its prize system. However, French literature, particularly those works that are canonical or on track to being canonized, is full of excrement. I examine this literature's excrementality to argue that the shit in this valued literature allows us to think literature not in canonical terms but in ecological ones. Shit serves as the ground for conceptualizing what kind of material literature is; it is the material by which canonical texts break down the very idea of the canon that would contain them, thereby returning culture to its early, non-industrial, agricultural roots, where culture and cultivation converge as a material, human encounter with the environment marked by a cycle of exchange and reciprocity. Despite the seeming health of an elitist and canon-driven model of literary production, these works’ scatological quality acts at cross purposes with the canon to allow the shit-culture it contains to circulate and return to an environment where it can be mobilized to enrich and produce new forms of culture.

Traditional and Modern Forms of the Cossack Culture in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries. Revival, Transformation, and Cultural Construction

Introduction. The paper deals with studying the formation of culture elements during the Cossacks revival process in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The cultural pattern of a community is always changing. Cultural practices and traditions of the past get integrated into the modern social conditions, while new values and rituals assume the character of traditional ones. The topicality of the subject derives from the fact that the Cossack culture was subject to a dramatic transformation in the 20th century, while many elements of the culture were wiped out. The transmission of the cultural tradition was interrupted. The Cossacks revival in the late 20th century supposed a return to traditional historical forms. However, this task proved difficult because of the break in the transmission of the ethnic culture. The formation of the present-day Cossack cultural system supposed the selection of some elements of culture from the past and their integration into the new conditions as well as the creation of new forms of culture that would contribute to the cultural identification of the Cossacks. Methods and materials. Historiography has predominantly described the traditional forms of the Cossack culture. The issues of cultural construction were touched upon only occasionally. This paper applies the historical and chronological, historicalgenetic methods as well as the conception of socio-cultural construction. Analysis. During the Cossacks revival process its participants demonstrated a sharp increase of interest in the traditional forms of culture. The attempts at their integration into the present-day conditions led to the deformation of cultural forms. They lost their authenticity and transformed themselves into secondary forms of culture, thus cultural patterns of the modern Cossacks got changed. At the same time, new cultural traditions and norms were “invented”. Their function was to fix Cossacks identity and to show that the Cossacks do exist in the social life of the country. The adaptation of the traditions and historical elements of the Cossack socio-cultural system had its peculiarities. The traditions and elements were taken from different epochs and formed an arbitrary composition of different cultural phenomena. Traditions played an important role in the Cossacks revival process because they acted as cultural identification markers for the Cossack community. For that reason even new cultural practices were given the appearance of traditions. Results. In the late 20th – early 21st centuries the restoration of the Cossack culture was actually its construction. A number of trends can be traced in the process. They developed concurrently and contributed to the creation of new cultural milieu.

Digitalization of education: problems and prospects

Introduction. The article analyzes the process of digitalization of modern education. The relevance of the study is determined by the special role of education in the life of modern society, based on the principles and values of the post-industrial era. The quality of human potential and people's readiness to face natural and social challenges largely depend on the effectiveness of the education system. In the process of improving national education, modern technologies are becoming more and more important every year, the introduction of which contributes to the modernization and development of education, as well as improving the quality of training of future specialists and bringing education closer to science. At the same time, such technologies require a review of existing approaches to educational activities, as well as an analysis of their impact on society and individual social groups. In this regard, the study of the digitalization of education and its social consequences is a very relevant area of research. The purpose of this study is to identify the main problems and determine the prospects for digitalization in education.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we used methods of dialectics of social cognition, analysis of philosophical, sociological, and pedagogical literature, and synthesis and modeling of socio-cultural processes.Results. The conclusions identify the main problems of digitalization of education: the dehumanization of educational, and then all other social relations, the possible deepening of the crisis of people's intellectual culture, their ability to create, the growth of pragmatism and individualism based on the values of personal comfort and selfish consumption. Prospects for the development of digitalization in the education system are outlined: instrumental - equipping educational institutions with high-quality software, information systems that provide access to educational resources, the introduction of information (distance) technologies, online learning, changing requirements for teachers and students, the formation of new organizational educational structures, inevitable changes in the usual forms and methods of training and value-semantic – finding a harmonious unity with the best traditions of domestic education.Discussion and Conclusions. These conclusions are aimed at solving practical issues related to the implementation of the state policy of digitalization of various spheres of public relations. They can help coordinate the efforts of scientists, politicians, and civil society institutions to promote the socio-economic and cultural development of our society. The results obtained allow us to approach the fundamental problems of managing the cultural policy of modern society more objectively and meaningfully. They are designed to stimulate the creation of new forms of culture based on the priorities of harmonizing national cultural characteristics and the specifics of the world's techno-scientific processes.

Действо «Взятие Зимнего дворца» на празднование годовщины Октябрьской революции в истории становления перформативного искусства

The article is devoted to the issue of formation of performative art in the context of development of spectacular forms of Soviet state holidays. While examining the time and space of official festivities, the author traces the process of design of texts of symbolic pictures narrating on the advent of “the happy life” of the new socialist era in the history of humankind. The theatrical pageantry replicating the chief events of Soviet history, being a significant component of mass holidays, is researched by the author within the dynamics of the process of formation of new forms of culture occurring during the course of the entire specified stage of research. In the variety of the mass shows of 1920 the most large-scale is the grandiose stage work “The Conquest of the Winter Palace” replicating the events of October 1917 in real time and space, accompanied by the performance of the proletarian anthem, revolutionary songs, marches and gunshots. This constructed quasi-military atmosphere unified the sound space of the festivity, singling it out from the everyday routine spatial/temporal domain. The application of performative means created the conditions for the perception of the developed action as a real-time historical event. These were the means by which the sacred chronotope of the Soviet holiday was created: the traditional spatial/temporal dimension of the holiday received an innovational interpretation through the implementation of new symbols which are significant for the formation of the Soviet state. Keywords: Soviet theater, mass shows, performative art.

Media Sosial Sebagai Budaya Baru Pembelajaran di SD Muhammadiyah 9 Malang

This study tries to find answers to the application of social media as a new form of culture in learning. SD Muhammadiyah 9 Malang which is the object of research has characteristics that are in line with the research theme. SD Muhammadiyah 9 Malang has implemented social media in the last few years. In the results of this study found many interesting things that can be said as a form of habit which in social language is called culture. In addition, the impact of this new learning culture is very positive. This means it is different from the previous community's understanding that social media must be kept away from children because it can interfere with learning. From the application of social media for learning, SD Muhammadiyah 9 Malang can encourage students to be creative, innovative and able to adapt critically to the negative effects of social media. Although there are some notes that need attention or just tips and tricks from teachers or teachers to avoid the negative impact of social media.

Digital athletics in analogue stadiums

PurposeEsports (electronic sports) are watched by hundreds of millions of people every year and many esports have overtaken large traditional sports in spectator numbers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate spectating differences between online spectating of esports and live attendance of esports events. This is done in order to further understand attendance behaviour for a cultural phenomenon that is primarily mediated through internet technologies, and to be able to predict behavioural patterns.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the Motivation Scale for Sports Consumption to investigate the gratifications spectators derive from esports, both from attending tournaments physically and spectating online, in order to explore which factors may explain the esports spectating behaviour. The authors investigate how these gratifications lead into continued spectatorship online and offline, as well as the likelihood of recommending esports to others. The authors employ two data sets, one collected from online spectators (n=888), the other from live attendees (n=221).FindingsThe results indicate that online spectators rate drama, acquisition of knowledge, appreciation of skill, novelty, aesthetics and enjoyment of aggression higher than live attendees. Correspondingly, social interaction and physical attractiveness were rated higher by live attendees. Vicarious achievement and physical attractiveness positively predicted intention to attend live sports events while vicarious achievement and novelty positively predicted future online consumption of esports. Finally, vicarious achievement and novelty positively predicted recommending esports to others.Originality/valueDuring the past years, esports has emerged as a new form of culture and entertainment, that is unique in comparison to other forms of entertainment, as it is almost fully reliant on computer-human interaction and the internet. This study offers one of the first attempts to compare online spectating and live attendance, in order to better understand the phenomenon and the consumers involved. As the growth of esports is predicted to continue in the coming years, further understanding of this phenomenon is pivotal for multiple stakeholder groups.