New Families Of Numbers Research Articles

New Families of Special Polynomial Identities Based upon Combinatorial Sums Related to p-Adic Integrals

The aim of this paper is to study and investigate generating-type functions, which have been recently constructed by the author, with the aid of the Euler’s identity, combinatorial sums, and p-adic integrals. Using these generating functions with their functional equation, we derive various interesting combinatorial sums and identities including new families of numbers and polynomials, the Bernoulli numbers, the Euler numbers, the Stirling numbers, the Daehee numbers, the Changhee numbers, and other numbers and polynomials. Moreover, we present some revealing remarks and comments on the results of this paper.

Matrix representations for a certain class of combinatorial numbers associated with Bernstein basis functions and cyclic derangements and their probabilistic and asymptotic analyses

In this paper, we mainly concerned with an alternate form of the generating functions for a certain class of combinatorial numbers and polynomials. We give matrix representations for these numbers and polynomials with their applications. We also derive various identities such as Rodrigues-type formula, recurrence relation and derivative formula for the aforementioned combinatorial numbers. Besides, we present some plots of the generating functions for these numbers. Furthermore, we give relationships of these combinatorial numbers and polynomials with not only Bernstein basis functions, but the two-variable Hermite polynomials and the number of cyclic derangements. We also present some applications of these relationships. By applying Laplace transform and Mellin transform respectively to the aforementioned functions, we give not only an infinite series representation, but also an interpolation function of these combinatorial numbers. We also provide a contour integral representation of these combinatorial numbers. In addition, we construct exponential generating functions for a new family of numbers arising from the linear combination of the numbers of cyclic derangements in the wreath product of the finite cyclic group and the symmetric group of permutations of a set. Finally, we analyse the aforementioned functions in probabilistic and asymptotic manners, and we give some of their relationships with not only the Laplace distribution, but also the standard normal distribution. Then, we provide an asymptotic power series representation of the aforementioned exponential generating functions.

Hypersimplices are Ehrhart positive

We consider the Ehrhart polynomial of hypersimplices. It is proved that these polynomials have positive coefficients and we give a combinatorial formula for each of them. This settles a problem posed by Stanley and also proves that uniform matroids are Ehrhart positive, an important and yet unsolved particular case of a conjecture posed by De Loera et al. To this end, we introduce a new family of numbers that we call weighted Lah numbers and study some of their properties.

On poly-Bell numbers and polynomials

This paper aims to construct a new family of numbers and polynomials which are related to the Bell numbers and polynomials by means of the confluent hypergeometric function. We give various properties of these numbers and polynomials (generating functions, explicit formulas, integral representations, recurrence relations, probabilistic representation, …). We also derive some combinatorial sums including the generalized Bernoulli polynomials, lower incomplete gamma function, generalized Bell polynomials. Finally, by applying Cauchy formula for repeated integration, we introduce poly-Bell numbers and polynomials.

Exponents of diophantine approximation in dimension 2 for numbers of Sturmian type

We generalize the construction of Roy’s Fibonacci type numbers to the case of a Sturmian recurrence and we determine the classical exponents of approximation $$\omega _2(\xi )$$, $${\widehat{\omega }}_2(\xi )$$, $$\lambda _2(\xi )$$, $${\widehat{\lambda }}_2(\xi )$$ associated with these real numbers. This also extends similar results established by Bugeaud and Laurent in the case of Sturmian continued fractions. More generally we provide an almost complete description of the combined graph of parametric successive minima functions defined by Schmidt and Summerer in dimension two for such Sturmian type numbers. As a side result we obtain new information on the joint spectra of the above exponents as well as a new family of numbers for which it is possible to construct the sequence of the best rational approximations.

Partial differential equations for a new family of numbers and polynomials unifying the Apostol-type numbers and the Apostol-type polynomials

The main motivation of this paper is to investigate some derivative properties of the generating functions for the numbers Yn(λ) and the polynomials Yn(x;λ), which were recently introduced by Simsek [30]. We give functional equations and differential equations (PDEs) of these generating functions. By using these functional and differential equations, we derive not only recurrence relations, but also several other identities and relations for these numbers and polynomials. Our identities include the Apostol–Bernoulli numbers, the Apostol–Euler numbers, the Stirling numbers of the first kind, the Cauchy numbers and the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions. Moreover, we give hypergeometric function representation for an integral involving these numbers and polynomials. Finally, we give infinite series representations of the numbers Yn(λ), the Changhee numbers, the Daehee numbers, the Lucas numbers and the Humbert polynomials.

New family of Whitney numbers

In this paper we give a new family of numbers, called ??-Whitney numbers, which gives generalization of many types of Whitney numbers and Stirling numbers. Some basic properties of these numbers such as recurrence relations, explicit formulas and generating functions are given. Finally many interesting special cases are derived.

Computation methods for combinatorial sums and Euler‐type numbers related to new families of numbers

The aim of this article is to define some new families of the special numbers. These numbers provide some further motivation for computation of combinatorial sums involving binomial coefficients and the Euler kind numbers of negative order. We can show that these numbers are related to the well‐known numbers and polynomials such as the Stirling numbers of the second kind and the central factorial numbers, the array polynomials, the rook numbers and polynomials, the Bernstein basis functions and others. In order to derive our new identities and relations for these numbers, we use a technique including the generating functions and functional equations. Finally, we give not only a computational algorithm for these numbers but also some numerical values of these numbers and the Euler numbers of negative order with tables. We also give some combinatorial interpretations of our new numbers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Distributional Analysis of the Parking Problem and Robin Hood Linear Probing Hashing with Buckets

This paper presents the first distributional analysis of both, a parking problem and a linear probing hashing scheme with buckets of size b. The exact distribution of the cost of successful searches for a b alpha-full table is obtained, and moments and asymptotic results are derived. With the use of the Poisson transform distributional results are also obtained for tables of size m and n elements. A key element in the analysis is the use of a new family of numbers, called Tuba Numbers, that satisfies a recurrence resembling that of the Bernoulli numbers. These numbers may prove helpful in studying recurrences involving truncated generating functions, as well as in other problems related with buckets.

Distributional analysis of Robin Hood linear probing hashing with buckets

This paper presents the first distributional analysis of a linear probing hashing scheme with buckets of size $b$. The exact distribution of the cost of successful searches for a $b \alpha$ -full table is obtained, and moments and asymptotic results are derived. With the use of the Poisson transform distributional results are also obtained for tables of size $m$ and $n$ elements. A key element in the analysis is the use of a new family of numbers that satisfies a recurrence resembling that of the Bernoulli numbers. These numbers may prove helpful in studying recurrences involving truncated generating functions, as well as in other problems related with buckets.

The Analysis of Linear Probing Hashing with Buckets

We present the first exact analysis of a linear probing hashing scheme with buckets of size b . From the generating function for the Robin Hood heuristic we obtain exact expressions for the cost of successful searches. For a full table, with the help of Singularity Analysis, we find the asymptotic expansion of this cost up to O((bm) -1 ) . We conclude with a new approach to study certain recurrences that involve truncated exponentials. A new family of numbers that satisfies a recurrence resembling that of the Bernoulli numbers is introduced. These numbers may prove helpful in studying recurrences involving truncated generating functions.