New Approach For Production Research Articles

Additive manufacturing of high density carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites

Additive manufacturing (AM) of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites can offer advantages over traditional carbon fibre manufacturing through improved design freedom and reduction in production time and cost. However, the carbon fibre composites produced using current state-of-the-art AM approaches generally possess high porosity (18–25 %) compared to those produced by conventional manufacturing (1 %). An approach known as composite fibre additive manufacturing (CFAM) is presented, involving selectively printing a binder and polymer powder onto discontinuous carbon fibre sheets, which are then compressed, heated and post-processed to form net shape components. The results demonstrate a correlation between compaction pressure applied and porosity/fibre volume fraction within components. Composite components were produced containing porosity of 1.5 % and fibre volume content of 15 % with 97 MPa tensile strength and 8.9 GPa elastic modulus, presenting a new approach for production of discontinuous carbon fibre reinforced polymer parts with mechanical properties exceeding those of state-of-the-art AM.

Engineering Poster E7: A new approach for production forecasting from individual layers in multi-layer commingled tight gas reservoirs

Poster E7 Estimating future production in multi-layer tight gas reservoirs is necessary, but problematic. Initial production looks promising but soon decreases to levels that are much lower than first anticipated. Boundary-dominated flow to which common production data analysis can be applied to, takes up to 8 years to establish, yet future production estimations must be made at the time of drilling. Common industry software does not fully assess individual layer contribution because large uncertainties exist in layer-specific contributions to total production. Many engineers tend to use analysis methods designed for single-layer wells, which leaves future production estimations with large errors, and this can have potentially long ranging consequences for a company. This paper presents a new way of estimating future production in multi-layer tight gas reservoirs by incorporating the uncertainty that can be found in individual layer contributions. Our approach utilises single tank material balance and matches total well production data by changing layer-specific properties. A workflow has been created for the programming language Python that includes a Bayesian element to honour the uncertainty in individual layer effective permeability and individual layer gas in place. Applying this workflow to many wells in a specified area allows probability distribution functions for layer effective permeability and layer gas in place to be generated. This will result in attaining more realistic production forecasts in the form of P10, P50 and P90 for multi-layer tight gas reservoirs, and allowing the engineer to make better-informed early assessments of the future production of wells. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here

A new approach for production forecasting from individual layers in multi-layer commingled tight gas reservoirs

Estimating future production in multi-layer tight gas reservoirs is necessary, but problematic. Initial production looks promising but soon decreases to levels that are much lower than first anticipated. Boundary-dominated flow to which common production data analysis can be applied to, takes up to 8 years to establish, yet future production estimations must be made at the time of drilling. Common industry software does not fully assess individual layer contribution because large uncertainties exist in layer-specific contributions to total production. Many engineers tend to use analysis methods designed for single-layer wells, which leaves future production estimations with large errors, and this can have potentially long ranging consequences for a company. This paper presents a new way of estimating future production in multi-layer tight gas reservoirs by incorporating the uncertainty that can be found in individual layer contributions. Our approach utilises single tank material balance and matches total well production data by changing layer-specific properties. A workflow has been created for the programming language Python that includes a Bayesian element to honour the uncertainty in individual layer effective permeability and individual layer gas in place. Applying this workflow to many wells in a specified area allows probability distribution functions for layer effective permeability and layer gas in place to be generated. This will result in attaining more realistic production forecasts in the form of P10, P50 and P90 for multi-layer tight gas reservoirs, and allowing the engineer to make better-informed early assessments of the future production of wells.

Ontology-based production planning under the consideration of system robustness

Volatile markets and high customer requirements regarding schedule reliability increase the relevance of robust production planning. To achieve robustness in planning, system-inherent buffers are used. Buffers include resource capacities that are kept free to respond to changes. Targets other than achieving the production plan are not considered, so a trade-off between reliability and the further development of the manufacturing process is not possible. This paper presents a new approach for production planning based on robustness analysis that enables a multi-criteria optimization. An information system enables the company-specific design of the robustness analysis.

Overcoming Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities: Stabilizing and destabilizing liquid-metal streams via electrochemical oxidation

Liquids typically form droplets when exiting a nozzle. Jets--cylindrical streams of fluid-can form transiently at higher fluid velocities, yet interfacial tension rapidly drives jet breakup into droplets via the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. Liquid metal is an unlikely candidate to form stable jets since it has enormous interfacial tension and low viscosity. We report that electrochemical anodization significantly lowers the effective tension of a stream of metal, transitioning it from droplets to long (long lifetime and length) wires with 100-μm diameters without the need for high velocities. Whereas surface minimization drives Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities, these streams of metal increase in surface area when laid flat upon a surface due to the low tension. The ability to tune interfacial tension over at least three orders of magnitude using modest potential (<1 V) enables new approaches for production of metallic structures at room temperature, on-demand fluid-in-fluid structuring, and new tools for studying and controlling fluid behavior.

Exploring the antioxidant effects of peptides from almond proteins using PAni-Ag-GONC conjugated trypsin by improving enzyme stability & applications

Functionalized graphene oxide nano-sheets (PAni-Ag-GONC) were prepared and employed as carrier for covalent immobilization of trypsin. This low cost setting, which involves loading of high amount of enzyme on the matrix, displayed significantly enhanced thermo-stability and pH resistance. The nano-composite (NC) bound trypsin preserved 90% of activity whereas native trypsin retained only 44% of activity after 60 days of storage at a temperature of 4°C. Immobilized trypsin conserved 80.5% of activity even after its ten repeated uses. Almond protein hydrolysates prepared by native and conjugated enzyme was investigated for antioxidant activities and found that peptides resulted from NC bound trypsin displayed increase in radical scavenging activity (i.e. around 30% and 37% scavenging activity observed, respectively by native and NC bound trypsin from same concentration of peptides). This strategy provides a new approach for production of potential biopeptides which may be incorporated in drugs and functional food industries applying PAni-Ag-GONC based biocatalysis. Chemical compoundsTrichloroacetic acid (PubChem CID: 6421); Tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (PubChem CID: 6503); Glycine (PubChem CID: 750); and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (PubChem CID: 74358); Nα- Benzoyl-DL-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 2724371); Ammonium sulphate (PubChem CID: 6097028).

New approach for production of saturated fatty acids in cassava cell cultures as antibreast cancer agent

New approach for production of saturated fatty acids in cassava cell cultures as antibreast cancer agent

Special features of fused welding flux granular forming in carbon steel surfacing during plasma granulation

This paper proposes a qualitatively new approach for production fused welding fluxes in carbon steel surfacing based on direct-action plasma arc influence on a metal substrate and charge materials made from the Ural region raw minerals. During plasma granulation there is an intense burnout of alkali metal oxides that is compensated by the use of liquid potassium and / or sodium glass as a binder of charge materials before granulation. Forming a slag crust on granules surface resulted in iron content exceeding more than 90 wt. % in the granule center. Otherwise without the formation of a slag on granules surface the iron was oxidized and its content reached 38.42 wt. % Studies have shown that the volume of granules that are completely coated and protected by slag crust on an oxide-silicate basis, reaches up to 95%. Such welding flux granules with a high content of metal components provide high performance (deposition rate) during repair works and surfacing of products using submerged arc welding.

Virus-Based Vectors: A New Approach for Production of Recombinant Proteins

Recombinant proteins have become one of the basic human needs today for pharmaceutical, industrial and research purposes. The conventional methods of producing recombinant proteins, including bacterial systems, yeast, and human cells, have led to rising prices and biosafety problems for these products. Research on commercial production of recombinant proteins prompted a new method based on plant RNA viruses and plant hosts, which is known as Transient Expression System. Accordingly, a viral vector based on the plant RNA virus genome was designed in which the target gene is placed underneath a viral subgenomic promoter. In these vectors, despite the genetic manipulation, the ability to infect the entire plant that was present in the virus was preserved and, several days after plant infestation, it became bioreactor for the production of recombinant protein. The advances made in this field led to the creation of hybrid vectors based on plant viruses and Agrobacterium T-DNA (Transfer DNA). The amount of recombinant protein produced by these vectors was up to 5 grams per kilogram of fresh weight, which is considered a reliable record. The abundant benefits of this method have attracted the attention of researchers in this way, including the rapid and high production rate, reduced production costs and bio-safety of manufactured products. Several recombinant drugs are currently produced by the transient expression system, either delivered to the consumer or by clinical trials. This review presents how to discover, creation and development of viral vectors in transient expression systems in order to produce recombinant proteins.

Robust and Chemically Stable Superhydrophobic Aluminum-Alloy Surface with Enhanced Corrosion-Resistance Properties

We report a simple method for fabricating micro-nanoscale structures consisting of irregular microscale plateaus with a self-assembled network of zinc oxide nanopetals on an aluminum alloy substrate. The method involves a combination of chemical etching with a hydrothermal process, followed by Polydimethylsiloxane coating via a simple vapor deposition method. Following the coating, surface displays superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of 161° and a sliding angle of 4°. The effect of morphological changes on wettability is examined by varying the hydrothermal processing time. The chemical stability of the superhydrophobic surfaces is examined in a wide range of corrosive media. After being immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 1 month, the surface retained its superhydrophobicity. The potentiodynamic polarization test results reveal that the superhydrophobic surface highly improves the corrosion resistance performance of the bare aluminum surface by three orders of magnitude. In addition, surface exhibited good mechanical durability against sandpaper abrasion, and long-term stability in the ambient environment. The proposed fabrication technique operating at relatively low temperature is simple and provides a new approach for production of large-scale three-dimensional superhydrophobic surfaces for various applications.

Research on Plasma Electric Arc Granulation Processes of the Ural Region Mineral Raw Materials to Welding Materials for Submerged Arc Welding

This article offers a qualitatively new approach for production fused welding fluxes granules, based on the use of a plasma arc and the Ural region raw materials that have a particularly low content of harmful impurities. The processes of fused welding flux granules forming from the Ural region mineral raw materials under the impact of a highly concentrated energy source have been studied. A new fused welding flux for submerged arc welding is produced by plasma electric arc granulation, and has required shape and fractional, chemical and phase composition of the particles. This research presents experimental and theoretical studies of interaction processes of fine-dispersed batch from mineral raw materials with a highly concentrated energy source, aimed at obtaining new information about the basic patterns of the formation, structure and composition of resulting granules of functional materials, such as welding fused fluxes.

A new approach for production of anode microtubes as solid oxide fuel cell support

In this study, a new inexpensive and simple technique has been developed to produce the anode microtubes used as a cell-support in the tubular SOFC system. NiO-GDC (nickel oxide–gadolinium doped ceria) rods with different binder contents were fabricated via thermoplastic extrusion. The rods were transformed into the tubular shape by wicking out the binder during the controlled debinding processing. This was achieved via processing at 600 °C and sintering at 1250 °C or 1400 °C respectively. The wall thickness of microtubes was determined by the content of the binder and the ceramic powders. The mean wall thickness values of fabricated microtubes were 219 µm, 272 µm, and 314 µm. The three-point bending test results show that the best mechanical strength with a bending stress of 164.52 MPa was achieved with the microtubes prepared from the batch 1 containing 20 wt% binder+surfactant and sintered at 1400 °C for 5 h.

Gas-phase synthesis of oxymethylene ethers over Si-rich zeolites

A new approach for production of potential diesel substitutes oxymethylene ethers via continuous gas-phase synthesis from methanol and formaldehyde over zeolite catalysts.

O desenho no design de joias: processos e ensino

O design de joias é área recente no Brasil e sua aplicação ainda pouco conhecida entre os empresários e mesmo entre os profissionais, por não haver ainda protocolos que estabeleçam normas ou indicações de encaminhamento de projeto. Sua metodologia ainda carece de estudos específicos e muito do que é observado dentro das empresas vem da prática dos profissionais em pesquisas referenciais, da criatividade e do próprio fazer da ourivesaria/joalheria. Busca-se na contemporaneidade identificar a forma de atuação do designer de produto na joalheria de modo a privilegiar a abordagem estratégica no lançamento de novos produtos. Neste artigo queremos dar destaque ao estudo do desenho dentro do processo de criação e produção seriada da joia e valorizar o desenho no ensino de Design de joias.

Cellulase production, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in a single vessel: A new approach for production of bio-ethanol from mild alkali pre-treated water hyacinth

The current paper reports on-site cellulase production followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of pre-treated water hyacinth for ethanol production in the same flask. Pre-treatment was carried out with 0.5% (w/v) NaOH at room temperature (RT) and 121°C for 24h and 30min, respectively. SSF studies were performed with Kluveromyces marxianus (42°C) and Saccharomyces cerevisae (30°C) at 8% solids loading (w/v). RT and 121°C pre-treated water hyacinth yielded maximum ethanol concentration of 7.32, 8.04 and 5.21, 5.98gL−1 after 48h at 42 and 30°C, respectively. On 8th day, crude cellulases were supplemented with commercial pectinase. Supplementation of pectinase yielded 1.04 to 1.11 fold higher ethanol yields as compared to without pectinase flasks. The current ethanol yields were achieved at higher solid loadings in a single flask by avoiding number of steps/flasks as required in the conventional process.

Applications of Machine Learning Techniques in Agricultural Crop Production: A Review Paper

Objective: This paper has been prepared as an effort to reassess the research studies on the relevance of machine learning techniques in the domain of agricultural crop production. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This method is a new approach for production of agricultural crop management. Accurate and timely forecasts of crop production are necessary for important policy decisions like import-export, pricing marketing distribution etc. which are issued by the directorate of economics and statistics. However one has understand that these prior estimates are not the objective estimates as these estimate requires lots of descriptive assessment based on many different qualitative factors. Hence there is a requirement to develop statistically sound objective prediction of crop production. That development in computing and information storage has provided large amount of data. Findings: The problem has been to intricate knowledge from this raw data , this has lead to the development of new approach and techniques such as machine learning that can be used to unite the knowledge of the data with crop yield evaluation. This research has been intended to evaluate these innovative techniques such that significant relationship can be found by their applications to the various variables present in the data base. Application / Improvement: The few techniques like artificial neural networks, Information Fuzzy Network, Decision Tree, Regression Analysis, Bayesian belief network. Time series analysis, Markov chain model, k-means clustering, k nearest neighbor, and support vector machine are applied in the domain of agriculture were presented.

A new approach for production of reactive powder concrete: lightweight reactive powder concrete (LRPC)

Currently, reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been used in the production of structural beam components, manhole covers and similar road accessories etc. In this study, the production of lightweight reactive powder concrete (LRPC) was aimed by using pumice aggregate so as to gain advantage on transportation due to its lowered weight. For this purpose, mixes were designed by using pumice aggregate (0–1 mm), CEM I 42.5 R type ordinary Portland cement, silica fume (SF), brass coated steel fiber and polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer. The effect of pre-setting pressure (between 0 and 50 MPa) and curing regime (at 20 °C standard water curing; 200, 235 and 270 °C autoclave curing) on density, water absorption and compressive strength of LRPC specimens were researched. As a result, density, water absorption percentage and compressive strength values of hardened LRPC specimens were found between 1840 and 2430 kg/m3, 1.4 and 6.3 %, 69 and 176 MPa, respectively.

Comparative assessment of development competence of zona-intact and zona-free cloned goat embryos produced by innovative micromanipulation tools

The present study demonstrated a new approach for production of zona free cloned embryos in goat wherein, instead of hand guided bisection applied under Hand-made cloning technique, we have adopted micromanipulator based enucleation using innovative microtools viz., Bisection blade and Aspiration pipette. Using bisection blade, oocyte was bisected into two halves and one half having polar body-MII chromosome was instantly discarded by aspiration pipette, resulted into 100% enucleation efficiency. This process did not require Hoechst staining for confirmation of enucleation. The electrofusion process was carried out using indigenously prepared electrodes for individual electrofusion of demicytoplasts-somatic cell triplet, which revealed significantly higher (P≤0.01) fusion rate (92.78±0.5%) as compared to conventional technique (64.61±0.93%) for zona intact embryos. The developmental rates of zona-free embryos were observed as significantly higher (P≤0.01) 2–4 cells (79.13±0.82 vs 29.42±0.55), 8–16 cells (66.68±01.02 vs 23.83±0.9), morula (31.93±1.12 vs 17.93±1.07), blastocysts (24.0±1.56 vs 7.79±0.98) and mean blastomere counts (210.3±2.3 vs 154.0±1.60) as compared to zona-intact embryos.

산란계 계란 난황으로부터 대장균 E68과 H28에 반응하는 항체 생산

1) Antibodies are used for preventing several infectious diseases in food animals. Though, antibiotics can deal with infection however, their widespread usage may cause developments of resistance and can also get transferred to humans through animal products. Therefore, production of antibodies against infectious agents in the egg yolk could be an interesting alternative. The present study was conducted with a focus on producing the antibody against Escherichia coli E68 and H28 in egg yolk of laying hens, which are believed to be a cause for diarrhea and beriberi in piglets. The result received from the experiment were promising and have shown efficiency of antibody production in the range of 2-7.3% in the groups which are infected with E68 only and the one which was infected with both strains. The outcome of present research has revealed the potentiality of egg yolk in production of antibody for laying hens, could open a new approach for production of antibodies to manage diarrhea and beriberi. (

Development of an eco-friendly approach for biogenesis of silver nanoparticles using spores of Bacillus athrophaeus

The biological synthesis methods have been emerging as a promising new approach for production of nanoparticles due to their simplicity and non-toxicity. In the present study, spores of Bacillus athrophaeus were used to achieve the objective of developing a green synthesis method of silver nanoparticles. Enzyme assay revealed that the spores and their heat inactivated forms (microcapsules) were highly active and their enzymatic contents differed from the vegetative cells. Laccase, glucose oxidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were detected in the dormant forms, but not in the vegetative cells. Although no nanoparticle was produced by active cells of B. athrophaeus, both spores and microcapsules were efficiently capable of reducing the silver ions (Ag⁺) to elemental silver (Ag⁰) leading to the formation of nanoparticles from silver nitrate (AgNO₃). The presence of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles was determined by obtaining broad spectra with maximum absorbance at 400 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis pattern revealed that the nanoscale particles have crystalline nature with various topologies, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM micrograph showed the nanocrystal structures with dimensions ranging from 5 to 30 nm. Accordingly, the spore mixture could be employed as a factory for detoxification of heavy metals and subsequent production of nanoparticles. This research introduces an environmental friendly and cost effective biotechnological process for the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the bacterial spores.