Neutrino Oscillation Parameters Research Articles

Impact of errors in the magnetic field measurement on the precision determination of neutrino oscillation parameters at the proposed ICAL detector at INO

The magnetised iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector proposed at the India-based Neutrino Observatory will be a 51 kton detector made of 151 layers of 56 mm thick soft iron with 40 mm air gap in between where the RPCs, the active detectors, will be placed. The main goal of ICAL is to make precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters, especially of the neutrino mass ordering, using the atmospheric neutrinos as source. The charged current interactions of the atmospheric muon neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the detector produce charged muons. The magnetic field, with a maximum value of ∼ 1.5 T in the central region of ICAL, is a critical component since it will be used to distinguish the charges and determine the momentum and direction of these muons. It is difficult to measure the magnetic field inside the iron. The existing methods can only estimate the internal field and hence will be prone to error. This paper presents the first simulations study of the effect of errors in the measurement of the magnetic field in ICAL on its physics potential, especially the neutrino mass ordering and precision measurement of oscillation parameters in the 2–3 sector. The study is a GEANT4-based analysis, using measurements of the magnetic field at the prototype ICAL detector. We find that there is only a small effect on the determination of the mass ordering. While local fluctuations in the magnetic field measurement are well-tolerated, calibration errors must remain well within 5% to retain good precision determination of the parameters sin2 θ 23 and Δm 2 32.

India based neutrino observatory, physics reach and status report

The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a proposed underground facility located in India that will primarily house the magnetised Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector to study atmospheric neutrinos produced by interactions of cosmic rays with Earth’s atmosphere. The physics goal is to to make precision measurements of the neutrino mixing and oscillation parameters through such a study. We present here the results from detailed simulations studies, as well as a status report on the project. In particular, we highlight the sensitivity of ICAL to the open issue of the neutrino mass ordering, which can be determined independent of the CP phase at ICAL.

Exploring models with modular symmetry in neutrino oscillation experiments

Our study aims to investigate the viability of neutrino mass models that arise from discrete non-Abelian modular symmetry groups, i.e., ΓN with (N = 1, 2, 3, . ) in the future neutrino experiments T2HK, DUNE, and JUNO. Modular symmetry reduces the usage of flavon fields compared to the conventional discrete flavor symmetry models. Theories based on modular symmetries predict the values of leptonic mixing parameters, and therefore, these models can be tested in future neutrino experiments. In this study, we consider three models based on the A4 modular symmetry, i.e., Model-A, B, and C such a way that they predict different values of the oscillation parameters but still allowed with respect to the current data. In the future, it is expected that T2HK, DUNE, and JUNO will measure the neutrino oscillation parameters very precisely, and therefore, some of these models can be excluded in the future by these experiments. We have estimated the prediction of these models numerically and then used them as input to scrutinize these models in the neutrino experiments. Assuming the future best-fit values of θ23 and δCP remain the same as the current one, our results show that at 5σ C.L, Model-A can be excluded by T2HK whereas Model-B can be excluded by both T2HK and DUNE. Model-C cannot be excluded by T2HK and DUNE at 5σ C.L. Further; our results show that JUNO alone can exclude Model-B at an extremely high confidence level if the future best-fit of θ12 remains at the current-one. We have also identified the region in the θ23 - δCP parameter space, for which Model-A cannot be separated from Model-B in T2HK and DUNE.

Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6times 10^{21} protons on target

The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7(16.3)times 10^{20} protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7times 10^{20} POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin ^2theta _{13} and the impact of priors on the delta _{textrm{CP}} measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin ^2theta _{23} with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin ^2theta _{13} from reactors, sin ^2theta _{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032} using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and varDelta {}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}times 10^{-3}~text {eV}^2 using constant varDelta chi ^{2} intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to delta _{textrm{CP}}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97} using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and delta _{textrm{CP}}=0,pi is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2sigma credible level using a flat prior in delta _{textrm{CP}}, and just below 2sigma using a flat prior in sin delta _{textrm{CP}}. When the external constraint on sin ^2theta _{13} is removed, sin ^2theta _{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}times 10^{-3}, in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.

Implications of the DLMA Solution of θ12 for IceCube Data Using Different Astrophysical Sources

In this paper, we study the implications of the Dark Large Mixing Angle (DLMA) solutions of θ12 in the context of the IceCube data. We study the consequences in the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters, namely the octant of θ23 and δCP in light of both Large Mixing Angle (LMA) and DLMA solutions of θ12. We find that it will be impossible for IceCube to determine the δCP and the true nature of θ12, i.e., LMA or DLMA, at the same time. This is because of the existence of an intrinsic degeneracy at the Hamiltonian level between these parameters. Apart from that, we also identify a new degeneracy between θ23 and two solutions of θ12 for a fixed value of δCP. We perform a chi-square fit using three different astrophysical sources, i.e., μ source, π source, and n source, to find that both μ source and π source are allowed within 1σ, whereas the n source is excluded at 2σ. It is difficult to make any conclusion regarding the measurement of θ23, δCP for μ source. However, the π (n) source prefers the higher (lower) octant of θ23 for both LMA and DLMA solution of θ12. The best-fit value of δCP is around 180∘ (0∘/360∘) for the LMA (DLMA) solution of θ12, whereas for the DLMA (LMA) solution of θ12, the best-fit value is around 0∘/360∘ (180∘) for the π (n) source. If we assume the current best-fit values of θ23 and δCP to be true, then the μ and π sources prefer the LMA solution of θ12, whereas the n source prefers the DLMA solution of θ12.

New magic neutrino mass textures with three free parameters

Motivated by current experiments on searching for neutrinoless double beta decays, we study the phenomenological consequences and testability of the constraint relation “Mii=Mjj+Meμ+Meτ”, for i,j=e,μ,τ, on the magic neutrino mass matrix elements. This hypothesis is inspired by the μ−τ symmetry and gives rise to six different Majorana neutrino mass textures, including two textures one-zero. These obtained textures are diagonalized by the well-known trimaximal mixing which provides nonzero and nonmaximal reactor and atmospheric angles, respectively. Depending on the predominance of the e-row or μ-τ block, the preferred neutrino mass hierarchy and the lower limits on the |Mii| effective Majorana masses for each magic matrix are determined. Furthermore, in light of the global-fit results of neutrino oscillation parameters as reported by NuFIT 5.1, we also study the testability of these textures at the proposed neutrinoless double beta decay experiments such as KamLAND-Zen, GERDA Phase-II and nEXO, by incorporating the effective Majorana neutrino masses |Mij| that are generated through these neutrino mass matrices.

Investigating the effects of Lorentz Invariance Violation on the CP-sensitivities of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

The phenomena of neutrino oscillations offer a great potential for probing new-physics beyond the Standard Model. Any additional effects on neutrino oscillations can help understand the nature of the non-standard effects. The violation of fundamental symmetries may appear as a probe for new-physics in various neutrino experiments. Lorentz symmetry is one such fundamental symmetry in nature and the breakdown of spacetime is a possible motivation for a departure from the standard Lorentz symmetry picture. The Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is intrinsic in nature and its effects exist even in a vacuum. Neutrinos can be an intriguing probe for exploring such violations of Lorentz symmetry. The effect of violation of Lorentz invariance can be explored through its impact on the neutrino oscillation probabilities. The effect of LIV is treated as a perturbation to the standard neutrino Hamiltonian considering the Standard Model Extension (SME) framework. In this work, we have probed the effects of LIV on the measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters considering Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) as a case study. The inclusion of LIV affects the measurements of various neutrino oscillation parameters as it modifies the standard neutrino oscillation probabilities. We looked into the capability of DUNE in constraining the LIV parameters and then explored the impact of CPT-violating LIV terms on the mass-induced neutrino oscillation probabilities. We have also probed the impact of LIV parameters on the CP-measurement sensitivities at DUNE.

Prediction of supernova neutrino signals by detectors and its future challenges

Supernova neutrinos produced during a core collapse of a massive star, carries 99% of the energy produced during the violent phenomenon. These neutrinos are weakly interacting massive particles and can provide useful information for both particle physics (neutrino oscillations parameters) and astrophysics (explosion mechanism). This information can be used to explore physics beyond the standard model. Neutrinos escape from the supernova core hours before the light, so a neutrino signal providing information about supernova direction can enable early observation. The current generation of detectors, like, Super-Kamiokande (Super-K), Large Volume Detector (LVD), Borexino, Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND), and IceCube, as well as HALO, Daya Bay(reactor neutrino experiment) and NuMI Off-Axis νe Appearance experiment (NOvA), have the ability to detect only a few orders of magnitude of events and the next generation experiment like, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), and Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) will have yet another order of magnitude in reach, as well as richer flavor sensitivity. This work will present a Monte Carlo based study using the SNOwGLoBES [1] package, which is used to estimate the event rate using folded fluxes, cross-sections, and detector smearing to determine mean expected neutrino interaction signals in multiple current and future detectors. A study is carried out for the calculation of core-collapse neutrino event rates in realistic detectors for different flux models, effects of different parameters on flux and its variation with time.

Detecting neutrinos in IceCube with Cherenkov light in the South Pole ice

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory detects GeV-to-PeV+ neutrinos via the Cherenkov light produced by secondary charged particles from neutrino interactions with the South Pole ice. The detector consists of over 5000 spherical Digital Optical Modules (DOM), each deployed with a single downward-facing photomultiplier tube (PMT) and arrayed across 86 strings over a cubic-kilometer. IceCube has measured the astrophysical neutrino flux, searched for their origins, and constrained neutrino oscillation parameters and cross sections. This is made possible by an in-depth characterization of the glacial ice, which has been refined over time, and novel approaches in reconstruction that utilize fast approximations of Cherenkov yield expectations.After over a decade of nearly continuous IceCube operation, the next generation of neutrino telescopes at the South Pole are taking shape. The IceCube Upgrade will add seven additional strings in a dense infill configuration. Multi-PMT OMs will be attached to each string, along with improved calibration devices and new sensor prototypes. Its denser OM and string spacing will extend sensitivity to lower neutrino energies and further constrain neutrino oscillation parameters. The calibration goals of the Upgrade will help guide the design and construction of IceCube Gen2, which will increase the effective volume by nearly an order of magnitude.

ICARUS at the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program: initial operation

The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful 3-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous nu _e appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV^2. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operations collecting the first neutrino events from the booster neutrino beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. The first goal of the ICARUS data taking will be a study to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model searches. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this paper, the main activities carried out during the overhauling and installation phases are highlighted. Preliminary technical results from the ICARUS commissioning data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.

Simulation software of the JUNO experiment

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose experiment, under construction in southeast China, that is designed to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure neutrino oscillation parameters. Monte Carlo simulation plays an important role for JUNO detector design, detector commissioning, offline data processing, and physics processing. The JUNO experiment has the world’s largest liquid scintillator detector instrumented with many thousands of PMTs. The broad energy range of interest, long lifetime, and the large scale present data processing challenges across all areas. This paper describes the JUNO simulation software, highlighting the challenges of JUNO simulation and solutions to meet these challenges, including such issues as support for time-correlated analysis, event mixing, event correlation and handling the simulation of many millions of optical photons.

Discriminating between Lorentz violation and non-standard interactions using core-passing atmospheric neutrinos at INO-ICAL

Precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters have provided a tremendous boost to the search for sub-leading effects due to several beyond the Standard Model scenarios in neutrino oscillation experiments. Among these, two of the well-studied scenarios are Lorentz violation (LV) and non-standard interactions (NSI), both of which can affect neutrino oscillations significantly. We point out that, at a long-baseline experiment where the neutrino oscillation probabilities can be well-approximated by using the line-averaged constant matter density, the effects of these two scenarios can mimic each other. This would allow the limits obtained at such an experiment on one of the above scenarios to be directly translated to the limits on the other scenario. However, for the same reason, it would be difficult to distinguish between LV and NSI at a long-baseline experiment. We show that the observations of atmospheric neutrinos, which travel a wide range of baselines and may encounter sharp density changes at the core-mantle boundary, can break this degeneracy. We observe that identifying neutrinos and antineutrinos separately, as can be done at INO-ICAL, can enhance the capability of atmospheric neutrino experiments to discriminate between these two new-physics scenarios.

Muon g − 2 and non-thermal leptogenesis in textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{mu }-{L}_{tau }} model

The gauged textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{mu }-{L}_{tau }} symmetry is the simplest possibility to explain the observed muon g − 2, while being consistent with the neutrino oscillations through the seesaw mechanism. In this paper, we investigate if leptogenesis can work at the same time. At first glance, leptogenesis seems challenging because the right-handed neutrino masses are related to the textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{mu }-{L}_{tau }} breaking scale of 10 – 100 GeV as required from the muon g − 2. Contrary to this expectation, we find that non-thermal leptogenesis with the right-handed neutrino masses of mathcal{O} (107) GeV is possible. The successful scenario results in strict predictions on the neutrino oscillation parameters, which will be tested in future experiments.

Probing invisible neutrino decay with KM3NeT/ORCA

In the era of precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters, upcoming neutrino experiments will also be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. KM3NeT/ORCA is a neutrino detector optimised for measuring atmospheric neutrinos from a few GeV to around 100 GeV. In this paper, the sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector to neutrino decay has been explored. A three-flavour neutrino oscillation scenario, where the third neutrino mass state ν3 decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino, is considered. We find that KM3NeT/ORCA would be sensitive to invisible neutrino decays with 1/α3 = τ3/m3< 180 ps/eV at 90% confidence level, assuming true normal ordering. Finally, the impact of neutrino decay on the precision of KM3NeT/ORCA measurements for θ23, Delta {m}_{31}^2 and mass ordering have been studied. No significant effect of neutrino decay on the sensitivity to these measurements has been found.

Testing the scalar triplet solution to CDF’s heavy W problem at the LHC

The Type II Seesaw model remains a popular and viable explanation of neutrino masses and mixing angles. By hypothesizing the existence of a scalar that is a triplet under the weak gauge interaction, the model predicts strong correlations among neutrino oscillation parameters, signals at lepton flavor experiments, and collider observables at high energies. We investigate reports that the Type II Seesaw can naturally accommodate recent measurements by the CDF collaboration, which finds the mass of the $W$ boson to be significantly larger than allowed by electroweak precision data, while simultaneously evading constraints from direct searches. Experimental scrutiny of this parameter space in the Type II Seesaw has long been evaded since it is not characterized by ``golden channels'' at colliders but instead by cascade decays, moderate mass splittings, and many soft final states. In this work, we test this parameter space against publicly released measurements made at the Large Hadron Collider. By employing a newly developed tool chain combining MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO and Contur, we find that most of the favored space for this discrepancy is already excluded by measurements of Standard Model final states. We give suggestions for further exploration at Run III of the LHC, which is now underway.

Total neutron cross-section measurement on CH with a novel 3D-projection scintillator detector

In order to extract neutrino oscillation parameters, long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions with nuclei. These models constitute an important source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been blind to final state neutrons. Three-dimensional projection scintillator trackers comprise components of the near detectors of the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiments. Due to the good timing resolution and fine granularity, this technology is capable of measuring neutron kinetic energy in neutrino interactions on an event-by-event basis and will provide valuable data for refining neutrino interaction models and ways to reconstruct neutrino energy. Two prototypes have been exposed to the neutron beamline at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in both 2019 and 2020, with neutron energies between 0 and 800 MeV. In order to demonstrate the capability of neutron detection, the total neutron-scintillator cross section as a function of neutron energy is measured and compared to external measurements. The measured total neutron cross section in scintillator between 98 and 688 MeV is 0.36 ± 0.05 barn.

Electron Scattering for Neutrino Physics at MAMI and MESA

The groundbreaking discovery of neutrino oscillations represents a concrete indication of new physics and the measurement of the oscillation parameters has the potential to unlock new knowledge on the fundamental building blocks of matter. For measuring the neutrino properties to percent-level precision, an ambitious accelerator-based experimental program was started by two international collaborations: HyperK and DUNE. However, these experiments will only be able to achieve their unprecedented precision goal if our current knowledge of neutrino-nucleus interactions in the detectors is dramatically improved. In this contribution, we describe how experiments based on electron beams can provide key information to neutrino experiments, benchmarking theoretical models, improving simulations needed for a reliable extraction of the neutrino oscillation parameters, and decisively contribute to the success of next-generation neutrino experiments.

Five texture zeros in the lepton sector and neutrino oscillations at DUNE

In this work, we have assumed special structures for the charged and neutral mass matrices in the lepton sector, inspired by structures for the up and down quark mass matrices that result by assuming a certain number of symmetrical zeros in their entries named texture zeros. A prediction of the lepton mixing matrix results from the rotation matrices that diagonalize the mass matrices in the neutral and charged lepton sectors. The use of texture zeros reduces the number of spurious parameters to the minimal ones needed to explain observations i.e., charged lepton masses and neutrino oscillation parameters. Specifically, we have considered the case of five texture zeros and we have confronted the resulting lepton mixing matrices with current measurements in the neutrino sector. Finally, sensitivities to the independent parameters in the mixing predicted by the nonequivalent forms were studied using simulated events at the DUNE neutrino oscillation experiment. We have found that DUNE is sensitive to nonzero $CP$ violation allowed in the models.

Stringent constraint on CPT violation with the synergy of T2K-II, NOνA extension, and JUNO

Neutrino oscillation experiments have measured precisely at few percent levels the mass-squared differences ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{21}^{2}$, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{31}^{2}$) of three neutrino mass eigenstates, and the three leptonic mixing angles (${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{12}$, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}$) by utilizing both neutrino and antineutrino oscillations. The possible $CPT$ violation may manifest itself in the difference of neutrino and antineutrino oscillation parameters, making these experiments promising tools for testing $CPT$ invariance at unprecedented precision. We investigate empirically the sensitivity of the $CPT$ test via the difference in mass-squared splittings ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{31}^{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\overline{m}}_{31}^{2}$) and in leptonic mixing angles (${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{23}$) with the synergy of T2K-II, $\mathrm{NO}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{A}$ extension, and JUNO experiments. If the $CPT$ symmetry is found to be conserved, the joint analysis of the three experiments will be able to establish limits of $|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{31}^{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\overline{m}}_{31}^{2}|&lt;5.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}}^{2}$ and $|{\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{23}|&lt;0.10$ at $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ confidence level (CL) on the possible $CPT$ violation, extending substantially the current bound of these parameters. We find that with ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{31}^{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\overline{m}}_{31}^{2}$), the dependence of the statistical significance on the relevant parameters to exclude the $CPT$ conservation is marginal, and that, if the difference in the best-fit values of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{31}^{2}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\overline{m}}_{31}^{2}$ measured by $\mathrm{MINOS}(+)$ and $\mathrm{NO}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{A}$ persists as the true, the combined analysis will rule out the $CPT$ conservation at $4\ensuremath{\sigma}$ CL. With the (${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{23}$), the statistical significance to exclude $CPT$ invariance depends strongly on the true value of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}({\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{23})$ mixing angle. In the case of maximal mixing of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}$, as indicated by the current T2K and $\mathrm{NO}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{A}$ measurements, the $CPT$ conservation will be excluded at $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ CL or higher if the difference in the best-fit values of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}$ and ${\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{23}$ remains as the true.

Quantifying the second resonance effect in neutrino-Argon interaction using DUNE Near Detector

Heavy nuclear targets are used in neutrino oscillation experiments to boost the statistics of neutrino interactions. The complex nuclear environment contributes to the systematic uncertainty as the inevitable nuclear effects. Inadequate knowledge of the neutrino interaction with the nuclear target along with the imperfect reconstruction of neutrino energy seeds uncertainty in the cross-section. Uncertainty in the cross-section propagates as a systematic uncertainty in the determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters. For precision physics, future neutrino oscillation experiments will require understanding of the neutrino nucleus-interaction and neutrino energy reconstruction with a high level of accuracy. In this work, we aim to quantify the second resonance contributions to the neutrino interaction in Argon for reducing systematic uncertainties in the physics predictions for the DUNE Near Detector (ND). We present the results as the ratio distribution of dσdQ2 for Δ(1232) resonance and the extended analysis to the second resonance region P11(1440), D13(1520), and S11(1535). This inclusion shows a significant contribution to the total cross-section compared to the case where only the Δ(1232) resonance is considered.