Neutralization Techniques Research Articles

Between Sanctity and Real Life: Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church in Spain.

This research assessed clergymen perceptions of child sexual abuse in Catalonia (Spain) and identified elements pointing toward anomie and a discourse linked to the neutralization of the perpetrators' criminal responsibility. The study included 20 interviews from diocesan priests and members of religious congregations, who highlighted the impact of sexual abuse on clergy, the plurality of sensitivities, the existence of discourses tending to idealization, the presence of neutralization techniques and the existence of an institutionalized and persistent anomie within the Catholic Church. This research concluded that the problem of child sexual abuse is related to both individual (such as loneliness, among others) and institutional aspects (for example, selection and training of future clergymen, among others). To reduce the tension existing between cultural goals and institutional means, institutional reforms are necessary in terms of reviewing and de-consecrating cultural goals and improving adaptation of institutional means, while also focusing on supporting clerics and reducing loneliness. A debate needs to be normalized inside the Church, related to moralism, clerical power, and celibacy, among others.

The Neutral Zone Approach with CAD-CAM Record Bases.

Lack of adequate retention, support, and stability in the complete denture can be attributed to a poor fit or incorrect shape of the polished surfaces. This article presents a case using the neutral zone technique effectively with the fabrication of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) record bases in an edentulous patient with severely resorbed alveolar ridges and discusses the overall treatment steps and clinical implications of this technique. A stable neutral zone and an accurate jaw relation were recorded using CAD-CAM record bases and stability of complete denture was optimized by arranging denture teeth and reforming polishing surfaces in the neutral zone. A new complete denture was fabricated for a patient with atrophic alveolar ridges by a technique utilizing the neutral zone with CAD-CAM record bases.

Black, White, and Read all Over: Exploring Racial Bias in Print media Coverage of Serial Rape Cases

The discussion of race and crime has been a long-standing interest of researchers, with statistics consistently showing an overrepresentation of non-white offenders compared to their white counterparts – specifically in relation to violent crimes such as murder and rape. Prior research has found that about 46 percent of identified serial rapists are black, which correlates with other sensationalized violent crimes such as mass murder and serial murder (Wright, Vander Ven, & Fesmire; 2016). The news media are the primary sources of this kind of information for the general public, with previous studies acknowledging that the media primarily focus on discussing non-white offenders in their crime-based news stories. With the majority of Americans receiving their information about crime from the news media, it is important to increase our understanding of how they present crime information. The current study explores the print media representations of serial rapists, from 1940–2010, from five prominent newspapers: The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, and the Chicago Tribune. A content analysis was conducted on 524 articles covering 297 serial rape offenders from the data compiled by Wright and colleagues (2016) in which race of the offender was known. Results suggest that while newspapers dehumanize both white and non-white offenders, white offenders tend to have their behavior neutralized using techniques to garner more sympathy, while these same neutralization techniques are not generally applied to non-white offenders, thus potentially increasing racial and ethnic bias.

Stability is success: Rehabilitation of an atrophic mandibular ridge employing neutral zone technique - A case report

Mandibular ridge resorption is a biomechanical and a complex disease that brings about chronic, progressive, cumulative and irreversible changes in bone structure resulting in severe impairment in fit and function of prosthesis. Some common hormonal, neurological, metabolic disorders can affect the adaptability of denture which can be diagnosed by a trained prosthodontist with proper history taking and clinical examination. If a denture stays inside or outside of the neutral zone, it will be unstable during functional & physiological activities such as talking, swallowing and mastication. Neutral zone technique is a long being used for the management of severely resorbed mandibular ridge. Various materials can used in recording neutral zone which have their own advantages and disadvantages. This technique serves as an alternative approach for the construction of mandibular complete denture. This technique is most effective for denture where there is a highly atrophic ridge, neuromuscular incoordination and history of denture instability. This clinical report describes in detail the fabrication of a complete denture in a patient with poorly formed mandibular ridge using neutral zone technique with addition of cast metal in mandibular denture for extra stability.

Rehabilitation of segmental mandibular defect using semi-precision attachment and neutral zone technique

The mandible along with its adjoining structures forms the lower third of the face. Any mandibular defect, either congenital or acquired, affects the form, function, esthetics and psycho-social well being of the patient. In segmental mandibular defect, the inferior border of the mandible remains intact. Rehabilitation of such patients poses a great challenge due to loss of teeth, alveolar bone, obliteration of vestibule and remaining movable mucosa, which severely interferes with the retention, stability and support of the prosthesis. This case report describes the rehabilitation of segmental mandibulectomy patients using semi-precision attachment and application of neutral zone technique to achieve adequate retention and stability of prosthesis and a high level of clientele satisfaction

Managing sustainability-related stigmatization through neutralization techniques: The case of a public hearing on pesticide use

The objective of this article is to analyze the neutralization techniques that organizations involved in the promotion and use of pesticides use in order to respond to the sustainability-related stigma they face. This study is based on a qualitative content analysis of 77 briefs submitted to a public hearing organized by the National Assembly of Quebec (Canada) on pesticide use, which led to 30 testimonies from stakeholders that either oppose or defend the use of pesticides. This study highlights the sustainability-related stigma faced by organizations vilified because of the environmental, health and ethical issues raised at the hearing. The results also show the impression management strategies and neutralization techniques used by these organizations to respond to the stigma. These techniques are essentially based on neutralizing the stigma (denial, claims of victimhood, defense of social justice and rural traditions) and on the exemplification of existing practices (sustainability stewardship, promotion of science and progress, fight against common enemies). The article contributes to the literature on organizational stigma and on neutralization techniques by proposing an integrative model illustrating the main strategies used by companies to defend the legitimacy of controversial activities. The practical implications of the study and avenues for future research are also discussed.

Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity induced by radiation and the protective effect of quercetin in male albino rats

Purpose Although radiation is one of the basic methods commonly used in cancer treatment, it inevitably enters the field of treatment in healthy tissues and is adversely affected by the acute and chronic side effects of radiation. This study evaluated the possible protective effects of quercetin, an antioxidant agent, against liver and kidney damage in rats exposed to a whole-body single dose of radiation (10 Gy of gamma-ray). Materials and methods The study groups were formed as control, sham, quercetin, radiation, quercetin + radiation and radiation + quercetin using 60 male Wistar albino (200–250 g, 3 months old) rats, including 10 rats in each group. The gamma-ray provided by the Co60 teletherapy machine was given to the whole body as external irradiation. According to the groups, quercetin was administered to rats at 50 mg/kg/day via oral gavage before or after radiation administration. The rats were sacrificed the day after irradiation and the extracted tissue samples from all groups were compared histologically and immunohistochemically. DNA damage was determined by the neutral comet assay technique. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were evaluated in liver and kidney tissues by the ELISA method. Results Histopathological changes were observed altered morphology of liver and kidney tissues in the radiation groups. Sinusoidal dilatations, vacuolization, and hepatic parenchyma necrosis in the liver, while in kidneys, glomerular shrinkage, widened Bowman’s space, tubular dilatation, and inflammation were evident. TNF-α, IL1-α, HIF1-α, and caspase 3 immunoreactivities in tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. High caspase 3 positive cell number confirmed apoptosis, the comet parameters were decreased in the quercetin + radiation group. When compared to the control group, the exposure to radiation showed a marked elevation in MDA which was accompanied by high GSH. This damage was reduced in the quercetin + radiation group. Conclusions With the results obtained from the study; Quercetin is thought to have a protective potential against radiation-induced liver and kidney damage due to its radioprotective effect.

Ethical-decision making of ‘Flights to Nowhere’ passengers in the COVID-19 and climate change era

ABSTRACT With international travel halting as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19, several airlines sought to offer Flights to Nowhere as a way to generate revenue and keep their aircrafts flight-ready. Flights to Nowhere are sightseeing flights that start and finish at the same airport without landing elsewhere. These flights have been heavily criticized for creating unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions. This research explores the ethical decision-making process and the subsequent rationalization of taking Flights to Nowhere. Using cognitive dissonance theory and neutralization techniques, we analyse in-depth interviews with passengers that have recently taken a Flight to Nowhere. Passengers did not immediately make the connection between Flights to Nowhere and climate change but on reflection, they justified these flights using a range of neutralization techniques including an appeal to higher loyalties, denial of injury, and justification by comparison.

Neutral Zone: Concept and Technique Application for Managing Severely Resorbed Mandibular Ridges – A Case Report

Abstract: Full dental prosthesis rehabilitation on flat mandibular ridge has been a difficult case for clinicians for a long time. A huge resorption of mandibular ridge results in inadequate retention, and tounge muscle pressure, as well as lip and cheek muscles, causing a decrease in denture’s stability and retention. Neutral zone is a potential area or position where lips and cheek on one side, and tounge on the other side have balance pressure. We reported a 60-year-old male patient with chief complaints of difficulty in mastication, and loose upper and lower dentures. He also complained of denture moving during swallowing and speaking. In case management, the aim was to acquire optimum stability of the denture and arrangement of the mandibular teeth in full dental prosthesis guided by using the neutral zone. Preliminary impression was done by using alginate, then, horizontal and vertical jaw relation was recorded by using bite rim. Suction method impression technique was used to acquire functional impression. Lower denture teeth arrangement adapted the result of neutral zone impression. Acrylic denture was being contoured to adjust the natural anatomy of the oral cavity. In conclusion, the patient got a new full denture with maximum retention and stability while speaking as well as masticating. This article discussed about making of full dental prosthesis with pressure point on neutral zone impression technique on flat mandibular ridge caused by huge resorption.Keywords: flat mandibular ridge; denture stability; neutral zone; impression technique

Copepod carcasses in the western Bay of Bengal and associated ecology.

Although a portion of all copepods in the natural environment are physiologically inactive or dead, there is little data on this aspect in Indian seas. Using the classical neutral red live staining technique, the dead percentage of copepods in the western Bay of Bengal (BoB) is determined for the first time in this study, which takes into account hydrography and zooplankton samples collected on April 2015 (Spring Intermonsoon [SIM]) from 6 inshore and 8 offshore locations in the western BoB. The offshore parts of the research area were infested with a persistent and extensive warm-core eddy/gyre during the sampling time, as demonstrated by satellite data of sea surface temperature, mean sea level anomaly, and surface currents. As a result, the mixed layer depth in the offshore zone was higher, whereas nutrients, chlorophyll a, and turbidity were significantly lower than inshore. Copepods dominated the zooplankton community (> 80%), with abundances ranging from 112 to 2580 No m-3 in the study area. Calanoids (particularly Paracalanidae) dominated nearshore waters (35-65%), whereas cyclopoids (notably Corycaeidae and Oncaeidae) dominated offshore (49-71%). There were 48 species of copepods identified in total, and all of them had dead individuals (carcasses). Offshore waters had a larger percentage of copepod carcasses (27-39%) than inshore seas (18-28%). The larger percentage of carcasses is possibly related to a higher top-down feeding pressure on cyclopoids in offshore waters due to extreme oligotrophy and the dominance of the microbial food web.

A High Performance Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN Split-Gate Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor (MIS-HEMT) Using Piezo Neutralization Technique

In this paper, we propose a novel normally-off MIS-HEMT structure, mainly using Split-Gate Technology, Piezo Neutralization Technique (PNT), Field Plate Technology. By analyzing the effects of different Al composition in the PNT layer and buffer layer on devices, the Piezo Neutralization Technique is optimized. The current turn-on/off is controlled by changing gate voltage to regulate the horizontal conduction band between the double gates. The effects of gate length and block barrier size between the double gates on device performance are studied. Through two-dimensional device simulation, the operation principle and internal mechanism are analyzed. An improved device with good performance is presented. The threshold voltage Vth is 4.1 V, the peak transconductance is 0.3 S/mm, the maximum drain current is 1.1 A/mm and the breakdown voltage is 1200 V.

Cannabis tourists' perceived constraints to engaging in commercial cannabis tourism overseas: a comparison of first-time and repeat tourists

PurposeGiven the increasing number of tourists exposed to commercially available cannabis, it is important to understand visitors' perceived constraints to cannabis consumption while travelling. This study aims to compare cannabis tourists' perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists to gain comprehensive understanding.Design/methodology/approachThis study involved 32 conversational field interviews (5–10 min) with Chinese tourists who had smoked cannabis in coffee shops in Amsterdam to identify perceived constraints to engaging in cannabis tourism. The hierarchical constraint model (HCM) informed qualitative data coding using a deductive approach to compare first-time and repeat tourists. Content analysis was conducted manually.FindingsResults showed that both tourist groups faced intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural perceived constraints to cannabis consumption. Differences in first-time and repeat cannabis tourists' perceived constraints were explained using the neutralization technique framework and psychological tactics, such as the defence of necessity, claims of entitlement, normal practice and claims of relative acceptability. In addition, social exchange theory was employed to explain why repeat cannabis tourists perceived fewer constraints than first-time tourists.Practical implicationsAlthough the current study did not intend to address the importance of cannabis tourism in places where cannabis is commercially available, findings offer empirical guidance for industry practitioners and policymakers regarding cannabis use education, prevention and policy in tourism contexts; related efforts can promote the sustainable development of this tourism market while protecting cannabis tourists' physical and psychological well-being.Originality/valueThis study makes important theoretical contributions regarding travel constraints in the unique context of cannabis tourism between first-time and repeat tourists. Findings will also enable academics, industry operators, policymakers and local residents of cannabis tourism destinations to better understand how these tourists decide whether to consume cannabis overseas. Differences in these perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists are discussed to highlight the dynamic nature of travel constraints.

Pemurnian Minyak Biji Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Minyak Goreng

<p>Kesambi seed oil (<em>Schleichera oleosa</em>) is one of the resources that can be utilized as an alternative to substitute palm oil in cooking oil production due to its lower moisture content, peroxide value, and saponification number. However, the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) and cyanide acid (HCN) contents in kesambi seed oil requires further purification prior to commercialization. In this study, the purification process of kesambi seed oil was carried out with degumming, adsorption, and neutralization techniques. The degumming process was conducted using phosphoric acid for 20 minutes. Afterwards, the adsorption process was carried out using 25% (w/w) zeolite for 14 h. The neutralization process was subsequently performed with sodium hydroxide. The results showed that as much as 32.87 g of gum was removed during the degumming process. The picric acid tests verified that the adsorption using zeolite reduced the HCN contents, which indicates that the treated oil is safe to consume. The FFA test results showed that the final FFA content for each process was 7.23, 6.46, 6.21%, respectively. This study unfolds the potential of kesambi seed oil as future cooking oil by improving its quality that can satisfy the Indonesia National Standard.</p>

An empirical test of techniques of neutralization regarding polluting behaviors in rural Iran

Environmental pollution is regarded as a major environmental crime in most countries; Iran is no exception. This study examines water and soil polluting behavior among villagers in Jimabad, Mashhad County—a rural area in the Razavi Khorasan province in the northeastern region of Iran. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 315 respondents in the population of the villagers of Jimabad. This article reports on the levels of water and soil polluting behavior among the respondents and the results are discussed in terms of techniques of neutralization, religiosity and cultural context.

Prosthetic management of severely resorbed mandibular ridge using neutral zone technique in complete dentures: a case report

Any prosthodontic procedure aims to restore a patient's function, contours, aesthetics, speech, and health to normal. In traditional complete dentures, achieving optimal denture stability is always found to be a challenge. This is often exacerbated in resorbed mandibular ridges. Therefore, this article describes a strategy for enhancing the retention of mandibular complete dentures for individuals with an extremely resorbed ridge. A patient reported to the department of prosthodontics with a chief complaintof loose dentures and wanted to get them replaced. A complete clinical examination was carried out which revealed severely resorbed mandibular ridge. After a complete evaluation, prosthetic rehabilitation with a complete denture using the neutral zone technique was panned. The complete denture was made and delivered to the patient was superior in terms of stability, function and aesthetics. The clinician should understand the advantages of the neutral zone technique and implement it in clinical practice sothat a prosthesis that is functionally, physiologically and psychologically acceptable to the patient can be delivered.

ІНСТРУМЕНТИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЛЕГІТИМНОСТІ ПОДАТКОВОГО ОПОРУ ТА ПОДАТКОВИЙ МЕНТАЛІТЕТ

Abstract. This article explores and reveals the tools of social and psychological legitimacy of tax resistance. It has been established that tax evaders use three techniques of neutralization, which justify the violation of the rules, deny the nature of the violation of the norm: technique ″Analysis of tax legislation″; reception of ″Little Man″; technique ″Normality Assertion″. The essence and key characteristics of the tax mentality are given. It is determined that the tax mentality can be understood as the basis of socialization for taxpayers, as a mental, social and cultural background that decisively forms the basic attitude to taxation. The key goal of the article is to research the tools of socio-psychological legitimacy of tax resistance and the essence and peculiarities of the tax mentality. The methods used involve the analysis of secondary sources of data, mainly scientific international and domestic literature. Tax theory and tax policy consider the fiscal tax system from a macroeconomic point of view. Tax psychology looks ahead, first of all, with the behavior of the taxed population, namely: with their attitude, behavioral explanatory motivation for taxation. Among the most important problems in this area, the question of the subjective attitude of the population to the amount of taxes, tax obligations, tax justice, how citizens cope with tax requirements, what socio-psychological tools they use for tax evasion, etc., is gaining special relevance. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the issue of tax psychology has not been widely considered, so this indicates the relevance of research on the chosen topic. Tax evaders use stereotypical excuses to neutralize the illegality of the crime. Therefore, socio-psychological techniques and techniques are used to avoid partial or full taxation. It is important to add that the tax mentality includes a basic attitude towards the tax system, tax responsibility, tax justice and tax honesty. This is one of the main determinants of tax morality and tax discipline. Like tax morality, the mentality of the population is ambivalent: on the one hand, taxes are considered indispensable, on the other hand, the practical use of tax funds by the state is criticized. Key words: tax, taxation, tax system, tax resistance, evasion, socio-psychological tools, tax mentality, tax morality.

Effectiveness of denture space recording method in the prosthetic treatment of edentulous patients.

To present a clinical rationale for the effectiveness of denture space recording methods for the prosthetic treatment of edentulous patients through a review of the literature. A total of 3167 studies were extracted from a search of four terms, namely denture space, neutral zone technique, flange technique, and piezography using PubMed and J-STAGE databases. A total of 57 documents that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. From the extracted articles, the clinical application of denture space recording methods was found to be effective in edentulous patients with severe ridge resorption. The relationship between the labiolingual and buccolingual pressure in patients with neuromuscular problems or with mandibular or lingual defects differs from those without it, so a stable prosthesis can be easily fabricated by locating the neutral zone using denture space recording methods. The literature on denture space recording methods suggests that its application on challenging cases of edentulous patients is useful in providing prostheses with improved retention and stability.

A Ka-Band CMOS Phase-Invariant and Ultralow Gain Error Variable Gain Amplifier With Active Cross-Coupling Neutralization and Asymmetric Capacitor Techniques

This article presents a 23-28-GHz digital-controlled phase-invariant and ultralow gain error variable gain amplifier (VGA) for 5G applications. The mechanisms of gain control and phase variation in CMOS VGA based on single-level transistor structure are analyzed in detail. According to the analysis, an active cross-coupling neutralization (ACCN) technique is proposed. The ACCN technique not only compensates for phase variation, but also makes phase compensation insensitive to the process, supply voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. For achieving ultralow gain error, an asymmetric capacitive gain resolution improvement (ACGRI) technique is adopted, which realizes a fine gain step with low control circuit complexity. Further to reduce gain error, greatly improving the accuracy and robustness against PVT of gain control is necessary. With regard to this, a current-type digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is also integrated onto the chip. The proposed VGA is demonstrated in 65-nm CMOS technology with a core chip area of 0.14 mm². Under 5-b digital gain control conditions, the presented VGA achieves a measured linear gain tunability range of 6.2 dB with a 0.2-dB fine tuning step. The measured root mean square (rms) phase error is less than 0.92° across 24-28 GHz with a minimum value of 0.63° at 27.8 GHz. The rms gain error is less than 0.13 dB, with a minimum value of only 0.03 dB at 25 GHz. At the maximum gain state, the proposed CS VGA exhibits a peak gain of 29.4 dB with 3-dB bandwidth of 23.5-27.5 GHz and the minimum noise figure is 4.8 dB at 26 GHz. Besides, the measured OP <formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex>$_{{1 dB}}$</tex> </formula> and OP <formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex>$_{{3 dB}}$</tex> </formula> are 6.3 and 9.6 dBm, respectively. The influence of VT variations on the phase compensation and gain tuning is also measured, and the proposed VGA exhibits strong robustness.

Fashion designers' attitude-behaviour inconsistencies towards a sustainable business model: a neutralisation theory perspective

PurposeFashion designers in South Africa remain ambivalent in embracing sustainable fashion. This study examines the role of neutralisation techniques on attitude towards sustainable fashion. The study was conducted in South Africa, an emerging market known for water scarcity and pollution emanating from the textile industry.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data from a sample of 590 fashion designers using a web-based online survey. Study constructs were drawn from the neutralisation theory and theory of planned behaviour.FindingsStandard multiple regression analysis results identified denial of injury, appeal to higher loyalties and external locus of control as the major rationalisation techniques influencing South African designers' negative attitudes towards sustainable fashion.Research limitations/implicationsResearch was conducted in South Africa where the concept of sustainable fashion is still at developmental stages. The generalisation of the study findings may be enhanced by extending the study to other markets with a fully developed market for sustainable fashion.Practical implicationsThe study results underscore the necessity of reducing social, structural and institutional barriers associated with the adoption of sustainable fashion. This study provides input towards efforts to develop attitude change strategies to stimulate designers to embrace sustainable fashion.Originality/valueThe research study contributes to theory, practice and future research.

Restaurant management and food waste reduction: factors affecting attitudes and intentions in restaurants of Spain

PurposeAlthough the challenge of food waste (FW) in the foodservice sector is significant, restaurant managers do not always engage in its reduction. The psychological reasons for this disengagement remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to explore the antecedents of behavioural intention of restaurateurs (not) to reduce FW. The influence of three factors is tested, namely, market orientation; environmental apathy alongside selected neutralization techniques, namely, appeal to higher loyalties; denial of injury and denial of responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the method of a large-scale managerial survey (n = 292) administered in the commercial foodservice sector of Spain. The data are analysed via structural equation modelling with partial least squares.FindingsThe study finds that market orientation affects managerial intention to reduce FW but not their attitude, while environmental apathy influences managerial attitudes but not their behavioural intention. The study confirms the negative effect of such neutralizers as the appeal to higher loyalties and the denial of injury on suppressing managerial intention to reduce FW. Contrary to initial anticipations, another established neutralizer, the denial of responsibility, exerts no significant effect.Practical implicationsThe study elaborates on the interventions necessitated to neutralize the effect of the neutralizers on managerial (un)willingness to reduce FW in the commercial foodservice sector.Originality/valueThis is the first known attempt to understand the drivers of managerial engagement in FW reduction in the commercial foodservice sector through the prism of environmental apathy, market orientation and neutralization theory.