Neutral Term Research Articles

Finns det kvinnliga astronauter?

Are There Any Female Astronauts? On Gender-Inclusive Translation of Non-Fiction Books for Children
 This article deals with gender-inclusive translation of information books for children. Translation solutions drawn from three non-fiction books translated from French to Swedish by different translators are discussed in terms of gender neutrality and inclusion. Analysis reveals that, although the Swedish translations are comparatively free in relation to the original texts, the translators differ in their tendency to make use of gender-inclusive translation strategies, such as employing gender-neutral occupational terms, avoiding masculine generic forms, reformulating gender-biased passages, representing parenthood as more equal and making women visible in the translation by the explicit mention of female experiences and characters. While emphasizing the importance of being attentive to gender issues in information books for young children, it is argued that gender-neutralising interventions can be made in translations of this text type without putting the overall purpose of the book at risk.

Controlling and preventing the actions of the foreign agents. A relevant order for the county structures of the Securitate UM 0110 from 2nd of December 1989

"Thirty years after the fall of communism the debates about the soviet role in the East European Revolutions of 1989 are not ended. In this short article we discuss a relevant document in relation with this topic. It was an order issued by the Chief of the UM 0110 at the beginning of December 1989 in relation with the dangers related to the presence of tourists form East and West in Romania. In essence, in the same day when supposedly Bush and Gorbachev discussed in Malta the fate of Romania, the UM 0110 enter in an alarm situation. According to the directive, in order to control and prevent, but also for neutralize and thwart any hostile actions of the possible dangers, the UM 0110 need to intensify the surveillance of different categories of subjects which were in the attention (foreign tourists, other foreign travelers or representatives that were in Romania from other communist countries). What this document tells us is the fact that the Romanian Securitate was aware that such dangers need to be addressed urgently and that beyond routine urgent actions need to be prepared. These perils become pressing in terms of control, prevention and neutralization of the eventual actions of those tourists. Keywords: Romania, December 1989, foreign tourists, Securitate surveillance, UM 0110 "

Crashing bodies: towards an intersectional assemblage theory of domestic violence

Domestic violence is commonly defined as violence ‘as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner’. This definition attempts to formulate domestic violence in universal and neutral terms that can be applied to any identity. However, in its attempted neutrality, this definition erases concrete experience at the intersections of identity leading to material processes against the bodies of LGBTQIA/BIPOC. Through a Deleuzo-Guattarian reading of Kimberlé Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality, Jasbir Puar finds a mode of theorising domestic violence through a combined approach to assemblage theory and intersectionality wherein concepts of identity and process provide conflicting and yet inseparable aspects of critical theory. Through developing an intersectional-assemblage theory to reformulate domestic violence as a central concept in understanding the workings of power and process, the nodes and switch points of oppression can be targeted through anti-violence abolitionist praxis.

New Conditions for the Oscillation of Second-Order Differential Equations with Sublinear Neutral Terms

In continuous applications in electrodynamics, neural networks, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and the field of time symmetric, fluid dynamics, neutral differential equations appear when modeling many problems and phenomena. Therefore, it is interesting to study the qualitative behavior of solutions of such equations. In this study, we obtained some new sufficient conditions for oscillations to the solutions of a second-order delay differential equations with sub-linear neutral terms. The results obtained improve and complement the relevant results in the literature. Finally, we show an example to validate the main results, and an open problem is included.

"Macho": The singularity of a mock Spanish item

This paper scrutinizes the path of the semantic extension of the originally neutral Spanish term macho ‘male animal’ to the pejorative ‘animal-like man’. Semantic pejoration belongs to one of the techniques that Hill (1995b) identifies when describing Mock Spanish, a type of racist discourse used by monolingual English speakers when using single Spanish words. Prototypically, the author of the semantic change from a positive or neutral to a negative connotation of a Spanish term is the monolingual speaker of American English. This seems not to be the case with respect to macho. In the same theoretical vein as Mock Spanish, many voices attribute the semantic pejoration of macho to the US-English discourse. The objective of this paper is to identify the origin of this pejoration. Methodologically, this is conducted by means of a lexical search of the oldest pejorated macho items in Spanish, and the semantic content of the first macho borrowings in English. For this purpose, I consulted different sources, like diachronic corpora, etymological dictionaries and specialized references on the macho concept for Spanish as well as English. My analysis leads me to conclude that the semantic shift of macho, at least in its written form, developed in both sides of the Mexican-American border at the beginning of the XX century.

Philos-Type Oscillation Results for Third-Order Differential Equation with Mixed Neutral Terms

The motivation for this paper is to create new Philos-type oscillation criteria that are established for third-order mixed neutral differential equations with distributed deviating arguments. The key idea of our approach is to use the triple of the Riccati transformation techniques and the integral averaging technique. The established criteria improve, simplify and complement results that have been published recently in the literature. An example is also given to demonstrate the applicability of the obtained conditions.

Measurement of Natural Capital in academic journals

This article is based on the existing literature on the concept, categories, and natural variables of capital and aims to discuss natural capital, offering some points of view on the emerging rationality of specialized literature. In a preliminary stage, a systematic analysis and cumulative review were used to identify and select the variables to measure natural capital and, in this stage, 1856 articles were selected. The surveys were captured and the variables on the environmental resources used in the research were analyzed with the result of the reading concentrated on the variables. A content analysis was carried out to check the reading, consisted of (i) pre-analysis, (ii) analytical description and (iii) inferential interpretation, verification of the frequency of words per article. The concept of natural capital is necessary and acceptable, but it is not easy to understand it categorically or measure its value. It is an interdisciplinary issue and some schools of thinkers could be noticed. The messages about ecological characteristics are limited to the field of study mainly of qualitative water analysis. It was also possible to identify contents that conceptualize the Natural Capital based on sources of energy and agriculture. There is a search for indicators as ways to measure the environment that give rise the variables to Natural Capital to meet mainly the needs of the economy. The article highlights the probable performativity of the concept and, ultimately, how it can impact us and incorporates the discussion of Natural Capital in the accounting headings. This article is a cautionary note for those who use the concept of natural capital and offers considerations using examples in the literature. Based on the existing literature, the originality lies in the discussion that natural capital is not a neutral term and its framing is likely to have broader implications.

Evaluation of a Broad Panel of SARS-CoV-2 Serological Tests for Diagnostic Use.

Serological testing is crucial in detection of previous infection and in monitoring convalescent and vaccine-induced immunity. During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, numerous assay platforms have been developed and marketed for clinical use. Several studies recently compared clinical performance of a limited number of serological tests, but broad comparative evaluation is currently missing. Within this study, a panel of 161 sera from SARS-CoV-2 infected, seasonal CoV-infected and SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects was enrolled to evaluate 16 ELISA/ECLIA-based and 16 LFA-based tests. Specificities of all ELISA/ECLIA-based assays were acceptable and generally in agreement with the providers’ specifications, but sensitivities were lower as specified. Results of the LFAs were less accurate as compared to the ELISAs, albeit with some exceptions. We found a sporadic unequal immune response for different antigens and thus recommend the use of a nucleocapsid protein (N)- and spike protein (S)-based test combination when maximal sensitivity is necessary. Finally, the quality of the immune response in terms of neutralization should be tested using S-based IgG tests.

Multidisciplinary Management of a ‘Double Tooth’

The term double tooth has often replaced the clinical diagnosis of gemination or fusion. If teeth have been extracted or exfoliated, the use of the neutral term ‘double tooth’ avoids the need to arbitrarily decide if it was gemination or fusion in origin. This case reports on a 16-year-old male who presented with an UL2 ‘double tooth’ and his combined restorative, surgical and orthodontic intervention to achieve his ideal result. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A multidisciplinary approach should be adopted when treating patients with a double tooth and an appropriate protocol as cited can be used.

Developmental shifts toward structural explanations and interventions for social status disparities

As part of their early “essentialist” intuitions, young children view intergroup differences as reflecting groups’ intrinsic natures. In the present study, we explore the nature and development of “structural” reasoning, or view of intergroup differences as reflecting groups’ extrinsic circumstances. We introduced participants (n = 315; ages 5–6, 9–10, and adults) to novel intergroup status disparities that could be attributed to either personal or structural causes. Disparities were verbally framed in either intrinsic, neutral or extrinsic terms. We assessed attributions by asking participants to explain the disparities and to offer interventions for them. We also assessed participants’ status-based social preferences. We found that attributions shifted from personal to structural over development. Explanations and interventions for the disparities were correlated and related to the same predictors (framing and age) and outcomes (social preferences), although interventions were consistently more structural than explanations. Implications for essentialism, causal reasoning, and social development are discussed.

Asymptotic behavior analysis of Markovian switching neutral-type stochastic time-delay systems

A new integral inequality method is put forward to analyze the general decay stability for Markovian switching neutral stochastic functional differential systems. At first, in order to get around the dynamic analyses difficulty induced by the coinstantaneous presence of neutral term, Markovian switching and Brownian motion noise, an new integral inequality as a powerful tool is gained. Then, based on the integral inequality, general decay stability in the sense of pth(p>0) moment and the almost sure can be taken out by utilizing the nonnegative semimartingale convergence theorem and Lyapunov stability theory. The obtained results can be especially applied to two special types of neutral stochastic differential systems that have been studied in the literature. Finally, an example has been performed to verify the obtained analytical results.

New oscillation criteria for differential equations with sublinear and superlinear neutral terms

New oscillation criteria for differential equations with sublinear and superlinear neutral terms

Oscillatory Solutions to Neutral Delay Differential Equations

This article aims to mark out new conditions for oscillation of the even-order Emden–Fowler neutral delay differential equations with neutral term β1ıΦα[ζr−1ı]′+β3ıΦα[ςξı]=0. The obtained results extend, and simplify known conditions in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.

Wedlock or Wed-Lockup? A Case for Abolishing Restitution of Conjugal Rights in India

Abstract Colonialism in India consisted of a “civilizing mission” when the British rulers sought to initiate reforms in India, by projecting themselves to be the forerunners of modernity. Ironically, restitution of conjugal rights (RCR) runs contrary to any claims of modernity. Through an RCR, an unwilling spouse could be directed by the coercive machinery of the law to cohabit with his/her spouse, in recognition of the right of married persons to conjugality and consortium. Although couched in gender neutral terms, the remedy had and continues to have grave ramifications for women. This was applied by British judges to family law cases in India in the 1800s, and incorporated in family law statutes in post-independent India. RCR remains in force and is a legal remedy sought in the Indian courts till date, although it was abolished in England in 1970. This article critically examines RCR through historical, legal, feminist and comparative law perspectives. It analyses the impact of the English remedy on the norms of marriage and family in India, which are sites of oppression of, violence against and subordination of women. It argues for the repeal of RCR from the Indian statute books as it undermines bodily integrity and sexual autonomy of women in intimate relationships, and is incongruent with constitutional principles and India’s international human rights obligations.

A numerical scheme for the solution of neutral integro-differential equations including variable delay

In this study, an effective numerical technique has been introduced for finding the solutions of the first-order integro-differential equations including neutral terms with variable delays. The problem has been defined by using the neutral integro-differential equations with initial value. Then, an alternative numerical method has been introduced for solving these type of problems. The method is expressed by fundamental matrices, Laguerre polynomials with their matrix forms. Besides, the solution has been obtained by using the collocation points with regard to the reduced system of algebraic equations and Laguerre series.

Функции терминов цветообозначения в художественном тексте

В статье рассматривается вопрос о функционировании терминов цветообозачнения в тексте. Обосновывается необходимость выработки новой классификации функций терминов цветообозначения, ориентированной на анализ текстов оригиналов и их переводов. Выделяются номинативная, символическая и образно-структурная функции. Номинативная подразделяется на собственно-номинативную, уточняюще-номинативную и художественно-номинативную. Суть этой функции состоит в номинации цвета, при этом особенность уточняюще-номинативного подтипа заключается в том, что она используется для семантической дифференциации названий сходных оттенков, тогда как в художественно-номинативном подтипе в условиях синонимии цветообозначений предпочтение отдается менее узуальным ввиду их большего стилистического потенциала. В рамках символической функции рассматриваются различные типы символов: архетипический (наиболее универсальный, но в то же время и наиболее размытый, в основном связан с эмоциональной сферой), культурный (связан с отсылкой к конкретным объектам или явлениям культуры) и авторский (связь между термином цветообозначения и нецветовым значением задается непосредственно в тексте и не существует за его пределами). Как и символическая функция, образно-структурная способствует созданию двуплановости текста, но при этом термины цвета в ней не имеют самостоятельных дополнительных значений, хотя участвуют в механизме формирования целостного текста, в том числе встраиваясь в другие подсистемы. В рамках даже одного цветового термина функции могут сосуществовать и дополнять друг друга. Парадигматически нейтральный термин цвета, попадая в текст, может приобретать синтагматическую маркированность и повышать свой стилистический динамический ранг.

Existence, uniqueness and global stability of Clifford-valued neutral-type neural networks with time delays

In this paper, we analyze the global asymptotic stability and global exponential stability with respect to the Clifford-valued neutral-type neural network (NN) models with time delays. By considering the neutral term, a Clifford-valued NN model with time delays is formulated, which encompasses real-valued, complex-valued, and quaternion-valued NN models as special cases. In order to achieve our main results, the n-dimensional Clifford-valued NN model is decomposed into 2mn-dimensional real-valued models. Moreover, a proper function is constructed to handle the neutral term and prove that the equilibrium point exists. Utilizing the homeomorphism theory, linear matrix inequality as well as Lyapunov functional methods, we derive the sufficient conditions corresponding to the existence, uniqueness, and global asymptotic stability with respect to the equilibrium point of the Clifford-valued neutral-type NN model. Numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results are provided, and the simulations results are analyzed and discussed.

A Corpus-based Comparative Study of “get-passive” Semantic Prosody

Research on semantic prosody education is playing a vital role in the process of learning English.This research is based on the LOB corpus (Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen corpus) and the IWriteBaby corpus, the core library of the IWrite Chinese English Learner Corpus. Using AntConc 3.5.7, to compare the semantic preference of the collocation words of get in the two corpora that meet the get-passive structure. Aiming to compare the semantic prosody differences between Chinese English learners and native speakers when they use the structure “get-passive”. It mainly focuses on the analysis of neutral collocation terms that have a higher frequency of co-occurrence with get and a mutual information value (I value) which is greater than or equal to 3. The research results show that Chinese English learners tend to have neutral semantic prosody when using this structure, while native speakers tend to prefer negative semantic prosody.With the combination of semantic prosody and corpus method should be attached importance to improve the level of English education.

Oscillation Results of Emden–Fowler-Type Differential Equations

In this article, we obtain oscillation conditions for second-order differential equation with neutral term. Our results extend, improve, and simplify some known results for neutral delay differential equations. Several effective and illustrative implementations are provided.

New Theorems for Oscillations to Differential Equations with Mixed Delays

The oscillation of differential equations plays an important role in many applications in physics, biology and engineering. The symmetry helps to deciding the right way to study oscillatory behavior of solutions of this equations. The purpose of this article is to establish new oscillatory properties which describe both the necessary and sufficient conditions for a class of nonlinear second-order differential equations with neutral term and mixed delays of the form p(ι)w′(ι)α′+r(ι)uβ(ν(ι))=0,ι≥ι0 where w(ι)=u(ι)+q(ι)u(ζ(ι)). Furthermore, examining the validity of the proposed criteria has been demonstrated via particular examples.