Neutral Mass Research Articles

Comparison of the Effects of Regional and Global Dust Storms on the Composition of the Ionized Species of the Martian Upper Atmosphere Using MAVEN

The densities of three ion species in the Martian upper atmosphere were compared during the MY33 and MY34 Martian regional and global dust storms (RDS 2016 and GDS 2018, respectively) using data from the neutral gas and ion mass spectrometer of the Mars atmosphere and volatile evolution mission. The trends of the ion species and their relative abundances in altitudes compared to some neutral species were examined from 10 September–4 October 2016 and 27 May–18 June 2018, at altitudes of 160–240 km. Both RDS 2016 and GDS 2018 caused variations in the ion species abundance of the upper atmosphere at their onsets in 18–21 September 2016 and 5–8 June 2018 respectively. The densities of O2+, CO2+, and O+ increased during RDS 2016. Meanwhile, O2+ and O+ densities decreased and CO2+ density increased during GDS 2018. Ion species’ relative abundances indicate that during RDS 2016, the increase in O2+ density may be caused by the increase of CO2+ or O+ densities rather than the increase of O or CO2 densities. Meanwhile, the decrease in O2+ density during GDS 2018 may be caused by the decrease of O or O+ densities rather than the decrease in CO2+ or CO2 densities.

Multiphase ISM in the z = 5.7 Hyperluminous Starburst SPT 0346–52

Abstract With ΣSFR ∼ 4200 M ⊙ yr−1 kpc−2, SPT 0346–52 (z = 5.7) is the most intensely star-forming galaxy discovered by the South Pole Telescope. In this paper, we expand on previous spatially resolved studies, using ALMA observations of dust continuum, [N ii] 205 μm, [C ii] 158 μm, [O i] 146 μm, and undetected [N ii] 122 μm and [O i] 63 μm emission to study the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) in SPT 0346–52. We use pixelated, visibility-based lens modeling to reconstruct the source-plane emission. We also model the source-plane emission using the photoionization code cloudy and find a supersolar metallicity system. We calculate T dust = 48.3 K and λ peak = 80 μm and see line deficits in all five lines. The ionized gas is less dense than comparable galaxies, with n e < 32 cm−3, while ∼20% of the [C ii] 158 μm emission originates from the ionized phase of the ISM. We also calculate the masses of several phases of the ISM. We find that molecular gas dominates the mass of the ISM in SPT 0346–52, with the molecular gas mass ∼4× higher than the neutral atomic gas mass and ∼100× higher than the ionized gas mass.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHARGED AND NEUTRAL PION-NUCLEON COUPLING CONSTANTS USING YUKAWA POTENTIAL MODEL

The meson field theory based on the Yukawa model for nuclear forces is estimated using a simple relationship between the charged and neutral pion- nucleon coupling constant. This signifies that the charged coupling constant is larger compared to the value obtains for neutral pions. Therefore since np interaction is stronger than the pp interaction, we look at the value obtained for charged pion – nucleon constant which gives good agreement with one of the recent experimental values, and then the splitting between the charged and neutral pion – nucleon coupling constants is practically the same as that between charged and neutral pion mass. In this case, the mass difference between the charged and neutral pion is also calculated to assess the amount of charge dependence of the Neutron – Neutron scattering length

Dual-Stage Neutral Loss Tandem Mass Spectrometric Strategy for Confident Identification of Protein Prenylation.

Protein prenylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein interactions, localizations, and signaling pathways in normal functioning of eukaryotic cells. It is also a critical step in the oncogenic developments of various cancers. Direct identification of native protein prenylation by mass spectrometry (MS) has been challenging due to high hydrophobicity and the lack of an efficient enrichment technique. Prior MS studies of prenylation revealed that prenyl peptides readily generate high-intensity fragments after neutral loss of the prenyl group (R group), and more recent investigation of oxidized prenyl peptides discovered more consistent neutral loss of the oxidized prenyl group (RSOH group). Here, a dual-stage neutral loss MS3 (DS-NLMS3)-based strategy is therefore developed by combining both gas-phase cleavable properties of the prenyl thioether bond and mono-oxidized thioether to improve the large-scale identification of prenylation. Both neutral losses can individually and distinctively confirm the prenylation type in MS2 and the sequence of the prenyl peptide upon targeted MS3 fragmentation. This dual-faceted NLMS3 strategy significantly improves the confidence in the identification of protein prenylation from large-scale samples, which enables the unambiguous identification of prenylated sites of the spiked low-abundance farnesyl peptide and native prenyl proteins from mouse macrophage cells, even without prior enrichment during sample preparation. The ease of incorporating this strategy into the prenylation study workflow and minimum disruption to the biological lipidome are advantageous for unraveling unknown native protein prenylation and further developments in profiling and quantifying prenylome.

The light sgoldstino phenomenology: explanations for the muon (g \u2212 2) deviation and KOTO anomaly

In this work, we study the long-standing experimental anomaly in muon (g −2) and also recent anomalous excess in {K}_Lto {pi}^0+voverline{v} at the J-PARC KOTO experiment with sgoldstino. After supersymmetry breaking, the interactions between quarks and sgoldstino (s) make the decays K → π + s sizable through loop diagrams, which affects the measurements of decays K → π + invisible. Furthermore, the couplings between photons and sgoldstino contribute to ∆aμ as well as the bino-slepton contribution. With satisfying all known experimental constraints such as from NA62, E949, E137, Orsay, KTEV and CHARM experiments, these two anomalies can be explained simultaneously. The mass of CP-even sgoldstino is close to the neutral pion mass which does not violate the Grossman-Nir bound. The parameter space can be further tested in future NA62, DUNE experiments, as well as experiments in the LHC.

Effects of corn supplementation and age on performance and reproduction of beef females grazing lush spring pasture.

This study evaluated how corn supplementation and age of female affected body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rate, and blood metabolites (nonesterified fatty acid [NEFA], β-hydroxybutyrate [BHBA], and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) when grazing lush spring pasture. Angus and Angus × Simmental beef females (n = 361) were blocked by location, stratified by BW and BCS, and then were assigned to groups (n = 8 groups/treatment combination; 9–14 females/group). The study utilized a stratified, randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The four treatment combinations were: yearling heifers receiving no supplement (CON-H); yearling heifers receiving supplement of dry-rolled corn (SUPP-H; 1.81 kg as-fed/heifer/d) for 42 d; 2-yr-old lactating cow-calf pairs receiving no supplement (CON-C); and 2-yr-old lactating cow-calf pairs receiving supplement of dry-rolled corn (SUPP-C; 1.81 kg as-fed/cow/d) for 42 d. Supplementation began at AI (end of April) when cows began grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea schreb)-red clover (Trifolium pratense) pastures. Pasture forage was collected weekly for analysis. Throughout the study, forage crude protein decreased (P < 0.01) over time, but acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber, dry matter, forage height, and forage mass all increased (P < 0.01) over time. Females receiving SUPP tended (P = 0.10) to have greater BW and greater BW change over the supplementation period. Supplementation × age effects for BCS were detected (P = 0.04); SUPP-H had greater BCS than all other treatment combinations at d 42. Cow BHBA was greater (P < 0.01) compared with heifers. Female NEFA increased (P < 0.01) from d 12 to 42. Control females had greater (P = 0.02) serum NEFA concentrations compared with SUPP females. Control females had greater (P = 0.03) BUN concentrations compared with SUPP females. Cow BUN was greater (P < 0.01) than heifer BUN. Supplementation effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.25) for AI or overall pregnancy rate. In conclusion, there were no supplementation × age interactions excluding d 42 BCS. Supplementation regardless of female age tended to improve d 42 BW and BW change. Cow BHBA and BUN was greater compared with the heifers, whereas the supplemented females had decreased NEFA and BUN. Cows tended to have greater AI pregnancy rates than heifers, but supplementation did not affect AI or overall pregnancy rates.

The light CP-even MSSM Higgs mass including N^mathbf {3}LO+N^mathbf {3}LL QCD corrections

We present a calculation of the light neutral CP-even Higgs boson pole mass in the real text {MSSM} which combines state-of-the-art EFT and fixed-order results, including the three-loop fixed-order QCD corrections as well as the resummation of logarithmic terms in the ratio of the weak to the SUSY scale up to fourth logarithmic order. This hybrid calculation should be valid for arbitrary SUSY scales above the weak scale. Comparison to the pure fixed-order and EFT results provides an estimate of their individual validity range.

Kinetic Simulations of Magnetic Reconnection in Partially Ionized Plasmas

Fast magnetic reconnection occurs in nearly all natural and laboratory plasmas and rapidly releases stored magnetic energy. Although commonly studied in fully ionized plasmas, if and when fast reconnection can occur in partially ionized plasmas, such as the interstellar medium or solar chromosphere, is not well understood. This Letter presents the first fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of partially ionized reconnection and demonstrates that fast reconnection can occur in partially ionized systems. In the simulations, the transition to fast reconnection occurs when the current sheet width thins below the ion-inertial length in contrast to previous analytic predictions. The peak reconnection rate is ≥0.08 when normalized to the bulk Alfvén speed (including both ion and neutral mass), consistent with previous experimental results. However, when the bulk Alfvén speed falls below the neutral sound speed, the rate becomes system size dependent. The normalized inflow velocity is ionization fraction dependent, which is shown to be a result of neutral momentum transport. A model for the inflow is developed which agrees well with the simulation results.

Restrictions on the parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with CP-violation

The minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model with CP-violation is considered in this paper. The main area of the model parameters, which is attractive for researchers, corresponds to small values of the tangent mixing angle of two doublets Higgs fields (tanβ). The authors discuss the possibilities of the model in correlation with the data on the search for the lightest stable supersymmetric particle. The masses of neutral Higgs bosons in the basis of CP-violationwas calculated.The results are presented as dependencies neutral CP-odd Higgs boson mass mA on tanβ. At small values tgβ the mass of the lightest stable particle must be more than ∼ 250 GeV.

Search for heavy neutral leptons at the NA62 experiment at CERN

Search for heavy neutral lepton (HNL) production in charged kaon decays using the data collected by kaon experiments NA48/2 and NA62 at CERN are reported. Upper limits are established on the elements of the extended neutrino mixing matrix for heavy neutral lepton mass in the range 130–450 MeV, improving on the results from previous HNL production search.

The light CP-even MSSM Higgs mass resummed to fourth logarithmic order

We present the calculation of the light neutral CP-even Higgs mass in the MSSM for a heavy SUSY spectrum by resumming enhanced terms through fourth logarithmic order (N^{3}LL), keeping terms of leading order in the top Yukawa coupling alpha _t, and NNLO in the strong coupling alpha _s. To this goal, the three-loop matching coefficient for the quartic Higgs coupling of the SM to the MSSM is derived to order alpha _t^2alpha _s^2 by comparing the perturbative EFT to the fixed-order expression for the Higgs mass. The new matching coefficient is made available through an updated version of the program Himalaya. Numerical effects of the higher-order resummation are studied using specific examples, and sources of theoretical uncertainty on this result are discussed.

Simulation of an ensemble of Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted mass cloverimproved fermions at physical quark masses

We present a general strategy aimed at generating Nf = 2+1+1 configurations with quarks at their physical mass using maximally twisted mass fermions to ensure automatic O(a) improvement, in the presence of a clover term tuned to reduce the charged to neutral pion mass difference. The target system, for the moment, is a lattice of size 643 × 128 with a lattice spacing a ~ 0:08 fm. We show preliminary results on the pion and kaon mass and decay constants.

Direct Determination of Chlorpyrifos in Honey by Neutral Desorption-Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACTNeutral desorption-extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used for the direct, rapid, and quantitative determination of chlorpyrifos in honey without pretreatment. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection was 1.64 ng/mL with a linear dynamic range from 10 to 1,000 ng/mL and relative standard deviations from 1.97 to 6.14%. The recoveries of fortified honey samples at 50 and 500 ng/mL were 82.02 and 109.28% with relative standard deviations of 4.02 and 4.34%, respectively. This protocol offers high sensitivity, good precision, rapid analysis, and high specificity in a complex matrix.

The effect of auxiliary energy on rhein, kaempferol and astragalin extraction fromCassia alata

This paper presents the effect of auxiliary energy on rhein, kaempferol and astragalin extraction from Cassia alata . The effect of auxiliary energy was examined by performing extraction using either the ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) or microwave assisted extraction (MAE). A dried plant material with size ranging from 125 μm to 800 μm was used throughout this work. The rhein, kaempferol and astragalin quantification and identification was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The presence of rhein, kaempferol and astragalin were identified and compared with external standards.The residence time, neutral mass and mass fragmentationpattern between the standard and plant extract are also observed. It was found that the extraction yield of rhein, kaempferol and astragalin were higher with UAE method compared to MAE method due to degradation of active component occur. The findings in this work may serve as a useful guide to select the extraction method used to maximise the yield of rhein, kaempferol and astragalin extraction from C. alata.

A Luz a partir do campo e da part´ıcula de Higgs

Nesta contribui¸c˜ao, o esfor¸co consiste em explicitar e discutir o papel central do campo de Higgs no estabelecimento do setor eletromagn´etico na Teoria Unificada Eletrofraca. Propriedades intr´ınsecas como as cargas el´etricas e as massas das part´ıculas carregadas (l´eptons e quarks) e o aparecimento do b´oson vetorial neutro de massa nula, identificado como o f´oton, emergem a partir do momento em que o campo de Higgs estabiliza todo o sistema eletrofraco e d´a origem `a excita¸c˜aof´ısica correspondente ao b´oson de Higgs. A ideia principal ´e mostrar o preponderante papel do setor de Higgs na constitui¸c˜ao do fenˆomeno luminoso.

Charmless chiral perturbation theory forNf=2+1+1twisted mass lattice QCD

The chiral Lagrangian describing the low-energy behavior of N_f=2+1+1 twisted mass lattice QCD is constructed through O(a^2). In contrast to existing results the effects of a heavy charm quark are consistently removed, leaving behind a charmless 3-flavor Lagrangian. This Lagrangian is used to compute the pion and kaon masses to one loop in a regime where the pion mass splitting is large and taken as a leading order effect. In comparison with continuum chiral perturbation theory additional chiral logarithms are present in the results. In particular, chiral logarithms involving the neutral pion mass appear. These predict rather large finite volume corrections in the kaon mass which roughly account for the finite volume effects observed in lattice data.

R-broken SUSY Standard Model with right-handed neutrino

We consider the supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model with neutrino Yukawa interactions and R-parity violation. We found that R-parity breaking term λiν¯iHuHd leads to an additional F-type contribution to the Higgs scalar potential, and thus to the masses of supersymmetric Higgs bosons. The most interesting consequence is the modification of the tree-level expression for the lightest neutral supersymmetric Higgs boson mass. It appears that due to this contribution the tree bound on the lightest Higgs mass may be shifted upwards, thus taking into account radiative corrections might open the part of the model parameter space consistent with the observation of the Higgs boson at LHC, which is not natural in the MSSM. We also calculate one-loop corrections to physical neutrino masses in case of neutrino-neutralino mixing and discuss the influence of this mass shift on parameter constraints.

PROBING THE STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS OF THE TRANSITION LAYER BETWEEN THE MAGELLANIC STREAM AND THE HALO IN H I

The Magellanic Stream (MS) is a nearby laboratory for studying the fate of cool gas streams injected into a gaseous galactic halo. We investigate properties of the boundary layer between the cool MS gas and the hot Milky Way halo with 21 cm HI observations of a relatively isolated cloud having circular projection in the northern MS. Through averaging and modeling techniques, our observations obtained with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), reach unprecedented 3\sigma\ sensitivity of ~10^17/cm^2, while retaining the telescope's 9.1' resolution in the essential radial dimension. We find an envelope of diffuse neutral gas with FWHM of 60 km/s, associated in velocity with the cloud core having FWHM of 20 km/s, extending to 3.5 times the core radius with a neutral mass seven times that of the core. We show that the envelope is too extended to represent a conduction-dominated layer between the core and the halo. Its observed properties are better explained by a turbulent mixing layer driven by hydrodynamic instabilities. The fortuitous alignment of the NGC 7469 background source near the cloud center allows us to combine UV absorption and HI emission data to determine a core temperature of 8350 +/- 50 K. We show that the HI column density and size of the core can be reproduced when a slightly larger cloud is exposed to Galactic and extragalactic background ionizing radiation. Cooling in the large diffuse turbulent mixing layer envelope extends the cloud lifetime by at least a factor of two relative to a simple hydrodynamic ablation case, suggesting that the cloud is likely to reach the Milky Way disk.

ISOSPIN BREAKING IN PION COMPTON SCATTERING

Using chiral perturbation theory we calculate for pion Compton scattering the isospin-breaking effects induced by the difference between the charged and neutral pion mass. At one-loop order this correction is directly proportional to [Formula: see text] and free of any contributions from short-distance electromagnetic counterterms. The differential cross-section for charged pion Compton scattering π-γ→π-γ gets affected (in backward directions) at the level of a few permille only. At the same time the isospin-breaking correction leads to a small shift of the pion polarizability difference by δ(απ-βπ)≃1.3⋅10-5 fm 3. In the case of the low-energy γγ→π0π0 reaction isospin breaking manifests itself through a cusp effect at the π+π- threshold. We give an improved estimate for this cusp effect using the empirical ππ-scattering length difference [Formula: see text].

Numerical modeling of solar wind influences on the dynamics of the high-latitude upper atmosphere

Abstract. Neutral thermospheric wind patterns at high latitudes obtained from cross-track acceleration measurements of the CHAMP satellite above both polar regions are used to deduce statistical neutral wind vorticity distributions and were analyzed in their dependence on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). The average pattern confirms the large duskside anticyclonic vortex seen in the average wind pattern and reveals a positive (cyclonic) vorticity on the dawnside, which is almost equal in magnitude to the duskside negative one. The IMF dependence of the vorticity pattern resembles the characteristic field-aligned current (FAC) and ionospheric plasma drift pattern known from various statistical studies obtained under the same sorting conditions as, e.g., the EDI Cluster statistical drift pattern. There is evidence for hemispheric differences in the average magnitudes of the statistical patterns both for plasma drift and even more for the neutral wind vorticity. The paper aims at a better understanding of the globally interconnected complex plasma physical and electrodynamic processes of Earth's upper atmosphere by means of first-principle numerical modeling using the Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM). The simulations of, e.g., thermospheric neutral wind and mass density at high latitudes are compared with CHAMP observations for varying IMF conditions. They show an immediate response of the upper atmosphere and its high sensitivity to IMF changes in strength and orientation.