Neurotic State Research Articles

Post-concussive syndrome: paraclinical signs, subjective symptoms, cognitive functions and MMPI profiles.

In order to investigate the organic and psychogenic components of post-concussive syndrome (PCS), the subjective complaints, the cognitive findings and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 53 consecutive mild head injury patients (MHI) with persistent PCS were evaluated. The results seem to suggest the presence of two groups: in the first, minimal lesional signs were associated with more prolonged loss of consciousness (LC) and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), as well as an MMPI profile not indicative of a neurotic state, whereas in the second the absence of any lesional sign was associated with shorter LC and PTA duration, as well as evidence of neurotic MMPI scores. A female prevalence was observed in the first group and a male prevalence in the other one.

Comparison of the effects of piracetam and N-acetylaspartic acid on memory and on the content of transmitter amino acids in the rat brain during simulation of a neurotic state

Comparison of the effects of piracetam and N-acetylaspartic acid on memory and on the content of transmitter amino acids in the rat brain during simulation of a neurotic state

Effect of arginine-vasopressin on excitability and fatty acid content of brain structures of neurotic rats

UDC 615.214-02:612.821.33+612.397.231:612.82 616.85-009.86 Experiments to study excitability of the structures were conducted on 15 male rats weighing 230-250 g with bipolar electrodes (diameter 0.1 mm) implanted chronically into the frontal cortex (FC: coordinates A-2, D-2, H-0.5), the dorsal region of the hippocampus (DH: P-2, D-l, H-3.5), and the midbrain reticular formation (RF: P-6.5, D-2, H-7), taking data from a stereota~c atlas (13). The reference electrode was inserted into the frontal bone near its boundary with the nasal bone. The rats were used in the experiments 12 days after the operation to implant the electrodes. Parameters of the functional state of the brain structures were their bioelectrical activity and level of excitability, recorded in unrestrained animals. Excitability of the brain formations was determined from the ratio of the primary components of the corresponding behavioral reactions, develop- ing in response to stimulation of these structures by square pulses of threshold value, and changes in cortical electrical activity accompanying them (after-discharges for FC and DH, an arousal reaction for the midbrain RF).Brain structures were stimulated by means of an ELS-2 stimulator with the following parameters: for FC and DH the following frequency of the square pulses was 50 Hz, their duration 1 msec, duration of stimulation 5 sec; for RF the frequency 200 Hz, duration 0.5 msec and 5 sec respectively. Quantitative determination of free fatty acids in the cerebral cortex (CC), hippocampus (H), and midbrain (MB) was carried out by gas chromatography, using a "Shimadzu" chromatograph by the method in (12). In this part of the work, the test were carried out on 29 noninbred male albino rats weighing 180-200 g, obtained from the Rappolovo nursery. This group of animals was divided into four series: intact (seven animals), intact + arginine-vasopressin (seven animals), neurosis (seven animals), and neurosis + arginine-vasopressin (eight animals). To form a neurosis a model of neurogenic stress was used (a conflict between afferent excitations) (3). This model is based on the appearance of a state of indeterminacy in the animals. The neurosis was induced in an electrode cage with programing system. The neurotic state was formed in the course of 2.5 weeks, with an exposure of 2 h daily. In the group of animals undergoing neurophysiological tests, neurosis was induced after determina- tion of their initial level of excitability for each structure. The action of arginine-vasopressin (AVP; 1 pg/kg, intraperitoneaUy) was studied both in intact animals and against the background of established neurosis, 30 min after injection of the peptide. The results were subjected to statistical analysis (7).

Obsessional stat es. A study in the relationship between abnormalities occurring at the time of birth and the subsequent development of obsessional symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to examine the theory that there is a positive relationship between the occurrence of abnormalities at the time of birth and the subsequent development of obsessional states. While an abnormal birth may result in minimal brain damage this is not necessarily the significant factor, as a separation of mother and baby in the immediate neonatal period, Which usually follows an abnormal birth, may be of more relevance. Observations are made on certain phenomenological aspects on obsessions in patients who give a history of abnormal birth as compared with those patients who have obsessional states and give a normal birth history. In the discussion comments are made upon the separation anxiety theory as being an important aetiological factor in the obsessional neurotic state.

Editorial: What Are the Biological Bases of Superiority?

PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Volume VI - Number 2 · Winter 1963 EDITORIAL: WHAT ARE THE BIOLOGICAL BASES OF SUPERIORITY? Ifwe review evolutionary biology in which failures and mistakes were as much a part ofnature as progress, and ifwe reflect on the complexity of the human body, the occasional superiority exhibited is as remarkable and challenging to explain as the ways nature has gone awry. Superiority is more than the absence ofpathology. We commonly classify living things as ill or well, but the qualities of health are multidimensional,just as are pathologies. Biology and medicine are more concerned with the study ofdisease than ofhealth, the weak than the strong, feebleness of mind rather than creativity, and with short life rather than longevity. There have been a few studies on the physiology of the superior athlete and a moderate amount ofattention has been given to the superficial biological correlates ofgenius. Centenarians are commonly interviewed by newsmen to reveal their secrets for achieving old age, but there is only a small body of information on the biology of longevity. Why do some individuals live out their lives without experiencing any of the common ailments? It is known that genetic endowment and nutrition are important, and knowledge ofinborn and acquired immunities is growing rapidly. And, then, superiority is sometimes related to pathology. Early acromegaly is sometimes linked with superior strength; virilism in the female with exceptional athleticperformance; happiness may represent the euphoria ofmental disease; and creativity may be accentuated by the neurotic state. Although we have objective measures ofstrength, speed, skills, longevity , intelligence, etc., there are other qualities ofphysique and intellect that 153 are more difficult to measure, and individual differences in some qualities that are measurable cannot be classified as "superior" and "inferior." How do we define and measure happiness, creativity, altruism, etc.? When the study ofhealth and superiority is approached positively with the aim to understand the dimensions ofeach, the outcomes should be as rewarding as the studies ofdefects and disease. D.J.I. THE SWAN Full rich magnificence ofmanor park, With lovely ladies strolling to and fro, Surrounds the pond on which the swans embark, And proves the swan an avian furbelow. Alone he is a big-billed, crow-like thing, A bird I would not meet without a club, A crook-necked goose no poet can make sing, Whose wings, when used, are only used to drub. Let others sing about its stately grace, Who think a duckling ugly, unworthwhile, Until they look a cob full in the face, Then watch a mother duck and ducklings smile. The swan is but a symbol-bird at best, While ducks are swans no poet has caressed. Franklin C. Bing 154 Editorial · What Are the Biological Bases ofSuperiority? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine · Winter 1963 ...

Psychophysiologic Gastrointestinal Reactions: Therapeutic Observations

The two principal factors in precipitation of functional disturbance are quality of individual and quantity of trauma.An erroneous diagnosis of physical illness followed by medical or surgical treatment tends to fix the neurotic state, but the greatest harm occurs when a patient with a conversion reaction dies with an untreated malignant disease.Successful management of functional gastrointestinal disturbance encompasses dietetic therapy, pharmacologic aids, creation of insight, correction of rigid states, reeducation, and adjunctive measures.The comparative effectiveness of various tranquilizers and antidepressants is reviewed, and experience with the nonbarbiturate sedative thalidomide is presented.

The effect of higher nervous activity disturbance on hemoglobin metabolism

The effect of higher nervous activity disturbances on hemogiobin metabolism in the dog was studied. The disturbances were caused by the combination of food and defense unconditioned reflexes and by a combination of inhibitory and excitatory processes, after a conditioned defense electric skin reflex and its differentiation had been previously formed. It was discovered that after the development of the neurotic state caused by such disturbances, hemoglobin decomposition in animals was intensifled. Due to the compensatory augmented erythrocyte formation, the hemoglobin level of the blood did not materially change at the beginning, but with the progressive aggravation of the neurotic state, compensation failed and the hemoglobin level considerably decreased.

Electroencephalographic studies on conditioned behavior of white rat.

1. Behaviors and EEG's of rat were examined in a simple T-maze learning.2. Small fast waves increased in EEG when the performance of conditioned behavior was repeated many times with reward. In this period, the rat showed the excited patterns (excited period). When the performance was repeated further, average frequency of EEG decreased and the rat showed depressed state (inhibited or fatigued period). In this period, 6-8 per sec. large waves (in drowsy state) and small fast waves (in awaked state) appeared alternately.3. In the last period of extinction, the average frequency decreased and the rat showed rather inhibited behavior.4. Increase of the small fast waves was noted in the EEG of a neurotic rat.5. EEG during running showed augmentation of the basic waves just before or immediately after the rat started and it continued until the rat ran over the choice point, and it was replaced by increase of the small fast waves as the rat approached the goal. These EEG alterations during running were not noticed in the fatigued period, in the last period of extinction and in the neurotic state.6) It was discussed about the cerebral excitatory level (or background excitation level) of rat in various states of behavior mentioned above on the basis of EEG alterations.

TRAUMATIC NEUROSES IN COURT

Excerpt I. INTRODUCTION We can think of no more vexed or vexatious law-medicine problem than the proper appraisal and just compensation of so-called "traumatic neurosis."1Our intent is not to hack ...

The relationship between the neurotic state and anatomical anomalies center, nerv. systems

Abstracts. Neuropathology and Psychiatry. Prof. J. Lange and assistant professor E. Guttmann (Munch, m. W. 1930 No. 32) could establish in some cases the relationship between a neurotic state and anatomical abnormalities of the center, nervous. systems that the authors call "dystrophische Anomalien, status dystrophicus" and which in most cases were found in the form of spina bifida. In the cases investigated by the authors, spina bifida was detected radiographically and served, in their opinion, as an organic indicator of constitutional readiness for a neurotic disease, which was usually caused by a mental shock or other mental state. harmful phenomenon.