Neuron-specific Enolase Research Articles

The Correlation Between Serum Tumor Markers and Liver Metastasis of Lung Cancer

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), keratin‐19 fragment antigen 21‐1 (cyfra21‐1), and liver metastases of lung cancer.Methods: Eighty patients who had lung cancer that had spread to their liver diagnosed in our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 (Group A), 80 individuals with advanced lung cancer who have metastasized to other sites (Group B), and 80 individuals with lung cancer who have not spread (control group) were selected as the study objects. LDH, NSE, and serum cyfra21‐1 levels of patients in the three groups were detected, and pathological results were used as the diagnostic gold standard. ROC curves were drawn to examine the clinical value of NSE, cyfra21‐1, and LDH levels in the distinct types of lung cancer identification of liver metastases.Results: There was no remarkable variation in pathological types among the three groups (p > 0.05), but there were remarkable variations in TNM stage and lymph node metastasis among the three groups (p < 0.05). The levels of cyfra21‐1, NSE, and LDH in Group A and Group B were greater compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05), and the levels of cyfra21‐1, NSE, and LDH in Group A were greater compared to those in Group B (p < 0.05). The critical value, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of serum cyfra21‐1 in the distinct identification of liver metastasis of lung cancer were 8.22 ng/mL, 37.42%, 65.18%, and 0.508, respectively. The critical value, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of NSE for distinct types of lung cancer identification of liver metastases were 23.96 ng/mL, 64.56%, 81.23%, and 0.723, respectively. The critical value, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of LDH for differential diagnosis of liver metastasis of lung cancer were 304.78 U/L, 75.65%, 85.73%, and 0.821.Conclusion: The serum levels of NSE, cyfra21‐1, and LDH in patients with liver metastasis of lung cancer were remarkably greater compared to patients without liver metastasis, which can be useful as a clinical auxiliary in determining lung cancer metastasis.

A hemin/rGO/MWCNT nanocomposite-based dual signal electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive detection of NSE.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a tumor marker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), has high application value in the early diagnosis of SCLC. In this study, a dual signal electrochemical aptasensor for NSE was constructed based on hemin/reduced graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (H-rGO-MWCNT) nanocomposites. Hemin played a dual role, functioning not only as an in situ electrochemical probe but also exhibiting excellent peroxidase-like properties, effectively catalyzing the electroreduction of H2O2. Reduced graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibited excellent conductivity. Through their binding with hemin, the nanocomposites achieved a larger specific surface area, providing numerous active sites for capturing the NSE aptamer. In the presence of NSE, the specific adsorption between the antigen and the aptamer formed a stable antigen-aptamer structure, which inhibited the performance of hemin, resulting in the weakening of the electrochemical signals of hemin and H2O2. Leveraging these characteristics, the sensitive and cost-effective dual-signal electrochemical aptasensor has been fabricated for the detection of NSE. One signal corresponded to differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of hemin, while the other signal was derived from chronoamperometry, capturing the catalytic reduction of H2O2. The linear ranges for NSE were 1 pg mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1 and 100 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 pg mL-1 and 11.22 pg mL-1 by DPV and chronoamperometry, respectively. In addition, this aptasensor exhibited good reproducibility, stability and specificity. The recovery of NSE in human blood serum samples was from 89% to 131%. It provided a promising strategy for the detection of NSE in clinical diagnostics.

Effects of parecoxib on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and serum levels of NSE and S100β in elderly patients undergoing surgery.

To investigate the effects of parecoxib on postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein (S100β) in elderly patients undergoing surgery. The retrospective cohort study method was used to collect the clinical data of 94 elderly patients who underwent elective orthopedic and general anesthesia surgery in our hospital from September 2020 to February 2022. 94 patients were divided into the control group (47 cases) and the study group (47 cases), according to different intervention methods. In the study group, 40 mg of parecoxib was injected intravenously into patients 30 min before the induction of anesthesia, and the patients in the control group were given the same dose of normal saline intravenously before the operation. The basic clinical data of the patients were collected. The levels of the indexes before operation and 6 hours after operation were compared between the two groups, including the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) score, inflammatory factor indicators [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemokine-1 (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)], serum cortisol (CORT), beta-amyloid (β-AP), adiponectin (ADP), NSE, and S100β. No significant differences in the preoperative MoCA score, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, IL-10, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, CORT, β-AP, ADP, NSE, and S100β levels were observed between the two groups (p>0.05). The postoperative MoCA score in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). The postoperative levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and IL-1β in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05), and the postoperative levels of IL-10, MCP-1 and iNOS in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Parecoxib can notably inhibit the levels of postoperative inflammatory cytokines, improve neurological dysfunction, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients. The contents of serum NSE and S100β have potential value in the diagnosis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients.

Predikcija serumskog neuritina i neuron-specifične enolaze za prognozu kod pacijenata sa traumatskom povredom mozga u kombinaciji sa povredom kičmene moždine

Background: Serum neuritin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have predictive value for the prognosis of patients with combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Studying their predictive effects has positive value for disease control and treatment. Methods: Sixty patients with combined TBI and SCI were recruited and rolled into three groups according to prognosis: Group I (n=42, favourable prognosis), Group II (n=11, poor prognosis), and Group III (n=7, death). Clinical indicators were compared between the groups, and the predictive value of different indicators for prognosis was analyzed. Results: The proportion of patients with combined injuries to other organs and hypotension, as well as levels of platelets (PLT), D-dimer (D-D), antithrombin III (AT-III), S100 protein (S100 ), NSE, and serum neurofilament levels were significantly higher in Groups II and III compared to Group I. Conversely, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were significantly lower in Group I (P&lt;0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that other organ injuries, GCS score, PLT, D-D, and AT-III significantly influenced the prognosis of TBI combined with SCI patients (P&lt;0.05), while hypotension, NSE, serum neurofilament levels, S100 , and accompanying organ injuries were highly correlated with the prognosis of TBI combined with SCI patients (P&lt;0.001). The predictive sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of NSE combined with serum neurofilament in predicting the prognosis of TBI combined with SCI patients were significantly higher than the singular predictive efficacy of NSE or serum neurofilament alone (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: To evaluate the prognosis of TBI combined with SCI patients, consideration should be given to factors such as other organ injuries, hypotension, consciousness assessment, and levels of various biomarkers. Furthermore, combined testing of serum neurofilament and NSE can more accurately predict the prognosis of TBI combined with SCI patients.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of S100B versus Neuron Specific Enolase for Traumatic Brain Injury; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Traumataic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant global health burden. This systematic review delves into the comparison of S100B and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) regarding their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in TBI within the adult population. Conducted on October 21, 2023, the search identified 24 studies encompassing 6454 adult patients. QUADAS-2 and QUAPAS tools were employed to assess the risk of bias. The analyses aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of S100B and NSE based on sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). The outcomes were detecting intracranial injury, mortality, and unfavorable outcome. Pooled data analysis tended towards favoring S100B for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. S100B exhibited a diagnostic AUC of 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.78), sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 63%-90%), and specificity of 59% (95% CI: 45%-72%), outperforming NSE with an AUC of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61-0.70), sensitivity of 74% (95% CI: 53%-88%), and specificity of 46% (95% CI: 24%-69%). Notably, both biomarkers demonstrated enhanced diagnostic value when blood samples were collected within 12 hours post-injury. The analyses also revealed the excellent diagnostic ability of S100B with a sensitivity of 99% (95% CI: 4%-100%) and a specificity of 76% (95% CI: 51%-91%) in mild TBI patients (AUC = 0.89 [0.86-0.91]). In predicting mortality, S100B showed a sensitivity of 90% (95% CI: 65%-98%) and specificity of 61% (95% CI: 39%-79%), slightly surpassing NSE's performance with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI: 76%-95%) and specificity of 56% (95% CI: 47%-65%). For predicting unfavorable outcomes, S100B exhibited a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 74%-90%) and specificity of 51% (95% CI: 30%-72%), while NSE had a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 64%-90%) and specificity of 59% (95% CI: 46%-71%). Although neither biomarker has shown promising diagnostic performance in detecting abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings, they have displayed acceptable outcome prediction capabilities, particularly with regard to mortality.

Neuron-specific enolase as a prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapies.

Ischemic stroke is a significant global health concern, with reperfusion therapies playing a vital role in patient management. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for assessing stroke severity and prognosis, however, the role of NSE in predicting long-term outcomes in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies is still scarce. To investigate the association between serum NSE levels at admission and 48 h after reperfusion therapies, and functional outcomes at 90 days in ischemic stroke patients. This study conducted a prospective cross-sectional analysis on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous fibrinolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days post-stroke and two groups were defined according to having unfavorable (mRS3-6) or favorable (mRS0-2) outcome. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected, including NSE levels at admission and 48 h. Spearman's coefficient evaluated the correlation between analyzed variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify which variables were independently associated with unfavorable outcome. Two ROC curves determined the cut-off points for NSE at admission and 48 h, being compared by Delong test. Analysis of 79 patients undergoing reperfusion treatment following acute stroke revealed that patients with mRS 3-6 had higher NIHSS at admission (p < 0.0001), higher NIHSS at 24 h (p < 0.0001), and higher NSE levels at 48 h (p = 0.008) when compared to those with mRS 0-2. Optimal cut-off values for NSE0 (>14.2 ng/mL) and NSE48h (>26.3 ng/mL) were identified, showing associations with worse clinical outcomes. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that patients with NSE48h > 26.3 ng/mL had a 13.5 times higher risk of unfavorable outcome, while each unit increase in NIHSS24h score was associated with a 22% increase in unfavorable outcome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated similar predictive abilities of NSE levels at admission and 48 h (p = 0.298). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between NSE48h levels and mRS at 90 days (r = 0.400 and p < 0.0001), suggesting that higher NSE levels indicate worse neurological disability post-stroke. Serum NSE levels at 48 h post-reperfusion therapies are associated with functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients, serving as potential tool for patient long-term prognosis.

The relationship of cognitive functions with brain damage markers, myokines and neurotrophic factors in amateur soccer players.

Concussive and subconcussive head impatcs in sports have drawn more attention in recent years. Thus, the cognitive ability of soccer players and its relationship with circulating levels of irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were studied in this study. Fifteen amateur soccer players and 15 sedentary men volunteered to participate in this study. After evaluating the aerobic and anaerobic capacities of the participants, their cognitive performances were measured. Blood samples were obtained at rest, and the ELISA method was used to measure the concentrations of serum NSE, plasma BDNF, and irisin. There were no differences between groups in terms of cognitive abilities or serum NSE levels (P > 0.05). Plasma irisin (P = 0.019) and BDNF (P < 0.001) levels were higher in the soccer players than the sedentary subjects. There was a positive correlation between irisin and NSE (r = 0.461, P = 0.010) and BDNF (r = 0.405, P = 0.007) concentrations. General cognitive performance is maintained in amateur soccer players. This is accompanied by the unchanged NSE. However, elevated irisin and BDNF levels appear to be independent of cognitive performance.

What Happens to Serum Levels of Visinin-Like Protein-1, Caveolin-1 and Neuron-Specific Enolase after Supratentorial Glioma Resection: A Pilot Study.

To observe changes in the serum levels of visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) after glioma resection. Consecutive 14 glioma patients with different histologic grade and 14 age and gender-matched healthy subjects were included in this pilot study. From the patients serum samples were taken in preoperative and on day 2 and 10 of postoperative periods. Healthy subjects provided serum sample once. The serum changes of three proteins were evaluated by ELISA. The results were compared between preoperative and postoperative periods and between patients and controls. Preoperative serum levels of VILIP-1 (p=0.008) and Cav-1 (p=0.012) were significantly higher in the patients. Mean serum levels of VILIP-1 (p=0.002) and Cav-1 (p=0.013) again were significantly higher than those of the controls. NSE did not show significant changes compared to controls in none of the periods. There was a steady decline regarding all three molecules from preoperative to postoperative day 10. However, statistical comparisons did not reveal any significant difference with respect the decline in any molecule. Significant positive correlation was detected between preoperative serum levels of VILIP-1 and Cav-1 (p=0.00001) in the patients and the controls (p=0.0000). This pilot study suggested that Cav-1 and particularly VILIP-1 may be used as a valuable serum biomarker for follow-up and for early detection of recurrence in high-grade gliomas. Future studies including larger cohort of patients with homogeneous group of glioma is required.

Prognostic values of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and neuron-specific enolase in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy

Background/Aim. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication of sepsis, characterized by brain dysfunction and associated with a poor prognosis. SAE has a complex pathogenesis, and its severity is in close association with the levels of various serum factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels with the severity of SAE and to analyze the prognostic values of the three parameters. Methods. This prospective study enrolled 126 patients treated for SAE from June 2020 to June 2022. The levels of TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE were measured, and the severity of SAE was evaluated using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Based on the SOFA score, the patients were assigned to two groups: a group with a bad prognosis and a group with a good prognosis. The correlations of TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE levels with the severity of SAE were analyzed, and their prognostic values were evaluated during a 28-day follow-up. Results. The mean levels of TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE and the SOFA score of the 126 patients with SAE were 6.52 ? 1.48 pg/mL, 62.53 ? 18.49 pg/mL, 8.61 ? 2.17 ng/mL, and 10.24 ? 2.86 points, respectively. Pearson?s analysis demonstrated significant correlations be-tween TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE levels and the SOFA score of patients with SAE (r &gt; 0, p &lt; 0.05). Of the 126 patients, 61 (48.4%) had a poor prognosis, while 65 (51.6%) had a good prognosis. Increased serum TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE levels were risk factors for the poor prognosis of patients with SAE [odds ratio (OR) &gt; 1, p &lt; 0.05]. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of serum TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE levels were all &gt; 0.7, suggesting high predictive values of these parameters. Conclusion. Serum TNF-?, MCP-1, and NSE levels are closely correlated with the severity of SAE and may work as valuable predictors of treatment outcome.

Effectiveness of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography combined with neuron-specific enolase level in predicting neonatal brain injury and prognosis.

To investigate the value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) combined with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of neonatal brain injury. Clinical data from 94 neonates with brain injury and 90 neonates without, admitted to Baoji Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between September 2022 and February 2024, were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between aEEG score, NSE level, and Neurobehavioral Neurological Assay (NBNA) score was analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Independent factors affecting the prognosis of the neonates were identified by unifactorial and multifactorial analyses, and the predictive value was assessed using ROC curves. The aEEG score was significantly lower while the NSE level was considerably higher in newborns with brain injury compared to those without (both P<0.001). aEEG score was positively correlated with the NBNA score (r=0.718, P<0.001), NSE level was negatively correlated with NBNA score (r=-0.785, P<0.001), and aEEG score was negatively correlated with NSE level (r=-0.749, P<0.001). The aEEG score and NSE level demonstrated good predictive value for neonatal brain injury, with AUC values of 0.903 and 0.897, respectively. The AUC of combined assessment was 0.917. Multifactorial analysis showed that intrauterine distress (OR: 3.385, 95% CI: 1.033-11.903, P=0.048) and higher NSE level (OR: 1.516, 95% CI: 1.117-2.136, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of neonates with brain injury, while higher aEEG scores (OR: 0.587, 95% CI: 0.370-0.884, P=0.015) was an independent protective factor. Intrauterine distress, aEEG score, and NSE predicted poor prognostic outcomes with AUCs of 0.639, 0.809, and 0.827, and the combined diagnosis had an AUC of 0.871. aEEG combined with NSE level can effectively predict neonatal brain injury and prognosis, providing a valuable reference for early diagnosis and intervention.

Biofluid-based Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition characterized by a multifaceted pathophysiology. It presents significant diagnostic and prognostic challenges in clinical settings. This narrative review explores the evolving role of biofluid biomarkers as essential tools in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of TBI. In recent times, preclinical and clinical trials utilizing these biofluid biomarkers have been actively pursued internationally. Among the biomarkers for nerve tissue proteins are neuronal biomarkers like neuronal specific enolase and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1; astroglia injury biomarkers such as S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein; axonal injury and demyelination biomarkers, including neurofilaments and myelin basic protein; new axonal injury and neurodegeneration biomarkers like total tau and phosphorylated tau; and others such as spectrin breakdown products and microtubule-associated protein 2. The interpretation of these biomarkers can be influenced by various factors, including secretion from organs other than the injury site and systemic conditions. This review highlights the potential of these biomarkers to transform TBI management and emphasizes the need for continued research to validate their efficacy, refine testing platforms, and ultimately improve patient care and outcomes.

Ultrasensitive detection of NSE employing a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on a conjugated copolymer.

In the current study a simple and highly specific label-free impedimetric neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunosensor based on a copolymer matrix-coated disposable electrode was designed and tested. The copolymer matrix was prepared using a very conductive EDOT monomer and semi-conductive thiophene-bearing epoxy groups (ThEp), and the combination of the two monomers enhanced the conductivity and protein loading capacity of the electrode surface. The P(ThEp-co-EDOT) copolymer matrix was prepared via a drop-casting process and anti-NSE recognition biomolecules were immobilized directly on the epoxy groups of the copolymer. After the coupling of NSE molecules on the P(ThEp-co-EDOT) copolymer matrix-coated electrode surface, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the biosensor changed dramatically. These changes in Rct were proportional to the NSE molecule amounts captured by anti-NSE molecules. Under optimized experimental conditions, the increment in the Rct value was proportional to the NSE concentration over a range of 0.01 to 25 pg mL-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.98 × 10-3 pg mL-1. This copolymer-coated electrode provided a lower LOD than the other biosensors. In addition, the suggested electrochemical immuno-platform showed good selectivity, superior reproducibility, long-term stability, and high recovery of NSE in real serum (95.64-102.20%) and saliva (95.28-105.35%) samples. These results showed that the present system had great potential for electrochemical biosensing applications.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in congenital heart disease: usefulness of biomarkers of brain injury

IntroductionAt present, neurodevelopmental abnormalities are the most frequent type of complication in school-aged children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We analysed the incidence of acute neurologic events (ANEs) in patients with operated CHD and the usefulness of neuromarkers for the prediction of neurodevelopment outcomes. MethodsProspective observational study in infants with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life. We assessed the following variables: 1) serum biomarkers of brain injury (S100B, neuron-specific enolase) in cord blood and preoperative blood samples; 2) clinical and laboratory data from the immediate postnatal and perioperative periods; 3) treatments and complications; 4) neurodevelopment (Bayley-III scale) at age 2 years. Resultsthe study included 84 infants with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life. Seventeen had univentricular heart, 20 left ventricular outflow obstruction and 10 genetic syndromes. The postoperative mortality was 5.9% (5/84) and 10.7% (9/84) patients experienced ANEs. The mean overall Bayley-III scores were within the normal range, but 31% of patients had abnormal scores in the cognitive, motor or language domains. Patients with genetic syndromes, ANEs and univentricular heart had poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Elevation of S100B in the immediate postoperative period was associated with poorer scores. Conclusionschildren with a history of cardiac surgery for CHD in the first year of life are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Patients with genetic syndromes, ANEs or univentricular heart had poorer outcomes. Postoperative ANEs may contribute to poorer outcomes. Elevation of S100B levels in the postoperative period was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years. Studies with larger samples and longer followups are needed to define the role of these biomarkers of brain injury in the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients who undergo surgery for management of CHD.

Lung Cancer Biomarkers Associated with Increased Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Middle-aged Chinese Adults.

Previous evidence suggests that serum lung cancer biomarkers are associated with inflammatory conditions; however, their relationship with peripheral arterial stiffness remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between serum lung cancer biomarkers and peripheral arterial stiffness in middle-aged Chinese adults. In total, 3878 middle-aged Chinese adults were enrolled in this study. Increased peripheral arterial stiffness was assessed using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent effects of serum lung cancer biomarkers on the risk of increased peripheral arterial stiffness. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic ability of serum lung cancer biomarkers in distinguishing increased peripheral arterial stiffness. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin-19 fragment 21-1, and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide were higher in subjects with increased peripheral arterial stiffness than in those without (P＜0.05). After adjusting for other risk factors, serum CEA and NSE levels were found to be independently associated with increased peripheral arterial stiffness. The corresponding adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for increased peripheral arterial stiffness in CEA level quartiles were 1.00, 1.57, 2.15, and 6.13. The ORs for increased peripheral arterial stiffness in the quartiles of NSE levels were 1.00, 4.92, 6.65, and 8.01. Increased serum CEA and NSE levels are closely linked to increased peripheral arterial stiffness, and high serum CEA and NSE levels are potential risk markers for peripheral arterial stiffness in middle-aged Chinese adults.

The effect of hesperidin on neuron-specific enolase and oxidative damage in the pre-eclampsia model

The effect of hesperidin on neuron-specific enolase and oxidative damage in the pre-eclampsia model

Effects of dexmedetomidine on renal function, inflammatory markers, and cognitive functioning in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery.

To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on renal function, inflammatory markers, and cognitive outcome, and to identify factors influencing early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 162 elderly patients who underwent hip replacement surgery at Cangzhou Central Hospital from March 2022 to May 2023. Patients were divided into a control group (without dexmedetomidine) and an experimental group (with dexmedetomidine). Measurements included creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, and the incidence of POCD seven days postoperatively. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the predictors of early POCD. Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of renal function, inflammatory markers, and cognitive outcome (Cr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and MoCA scores) (all P<0.05). The experimental group showed a significantly lower incidence of POCD at seven days post-surgery (P<0.05). Logistic regression identified having a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level seven days post-surgery ≥7.0 pg/ml as a risk factor for early POCD (P=0.001, OR=3.987, 95% CI: 1.789-8.886), whereas intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine was a protective factor (P=0.041, OR=0.424, 95% CI: 0.187-0.964). The use of dexmedetomidine in hip replacement surgery can mitigate postoperative renal injury and inflammatory response, enhance cognitive outcome, and significantly reduce the incidence and risk of early POCD in elderly patients.

Therapeutic effectiveness of Donepezil hydrochloride in combination with butylphthalide for post-stroke cognitive impairment.

To study the therapeutic effectiveness of donepezil hydrochloride (DPZ) in combination with butylphthalide (BP) for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 125 PSCI patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from December 2019 to December 2023 were collected and analyzed. The patients were grouped into a joint group (n=75, receiving DPZ + BP) and a control group (n=50, receiving DPZ alone) according to their treatment regimen. Inter-group comparisons were then carried out from the perspectives of therapeutic effectiveness, safety (constipation, abdominal distension and pain, and gastrointestinal reactions), cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale [MoCA], Chinese Stroke Scale [CSS]), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and serum biochemical indexes (neuron-specific enolase [NSE], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], nitric oxide [NO], and malondialdehyde [MDA]). In addition, a univariate analysis was carried out to identify factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness in PSCI patients. The joint group showed significantly better therapeutic effectiveness compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the type of stroke, treatment method, and therapeutic effectiveness in PSCI patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). After the treatment, compared to the control group, the joint group demonstrated significant improvements in MoCA and ADL scores (all P<0.05) and reductions in CSS scores and levels of NSE, hs-CRP, NO, and MDA (all P<0.05). DPZ in combination with BP is highly effective for the treatment of PSCI. It positively affects cognitive function and ADL, alleviates neurological deficits, and reduces abnormal serum biochemical indices without increasing the risk of adverse reaction.

Clinical Value of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat Associating 2 (HHLA2) in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat associating 2 (HHLA2) is a new immune checkpoint in the B7 family, and the value of HHLA2 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is unknown. Methods: We retrospectively detected HHLA2 expression by immunohistochemistry in SCLC patients. Moreover, plasma biomarkers of SCLC were detected retrospectively. Results: Seventy-four percent of SCLC patients exhibited HHLA2 expression. HHLA2 staining was localised within the nucleus of SCLC cells, while no staining was detected in normal lung tissue specimens. The correlation between HHLA2 expression and clinical factors was also analysed. Limited stage (LS) SCLC was more common than extensive stage (ES) SCLC among patients with HHLA2 staining. SCLC patients without metastasis had higher HHLA2 expression than SCLC patients with metastasis. HHLA2 expression was more frequently detected in the group with a tumour size greater than 5 cm than in the group with a tumour size less than 5 cm. The proportion of patients with HHLA2-positive staining was greater in the stage III and IV SCLC groups than in the stage I and II SCLC groups. A high proportion of SCLC patients with HHLA2-positive staining had a survival time <2 years. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), CEA and Ki-67 levels were measured. The NSE level in the HHLA2-positive group was significantly greater than that in the HHLA2-negative group. The CEA and Ki-67 levels did not significantly differ between the HHLA2-positive and HHLA2-negative patients, nor were age, sex, smoking status, nodal metastasis status, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, or Ki-67 expression score. HHLA2-positive SCLC patients had higher tumour stages and shorter 2-year survival times than HHLA2-negative patients did. Conclusion: The new immune molecule HHLA2 may be an ideal clinical biomarker for predicting SCLC progression and could serve as a new immunotherapy target in SCLC.

Synergistic effects of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery with mannitol and furosemide in managing hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery combined with mannitol and furosemide for treating hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 200 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated at our hospital between July 2020 and July 2022. The patients were categorized into either the experimental group (undergoing neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery combined with mannitol and furosemide) or the control group (undergoing neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery alone). Then, we compared the efficacy and impact on patients between the two groups. After treatment, the experimental group exhibited a smaller edema area compared to the control group and a reduced hematoma volume (p &lt; 0.001). The total effective rate was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). At 7 days post-treatment, patients in the experimental group demonstrated a significantly lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, 3 and 7 days after treatment, levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S-100β were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, carotid total blood flow volume (Q) and blood flow velocity (V) were significantly higher in the experimental group at 3 and 7 days post-treatment, with lower peripheral resistance (R) compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The incidence rate of complications was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The integration of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery with mannitol and furosemide administration demonstrates potential in alleviating brain edema, reducing related cytokine levels, facilitating neurological function recovery, and improving cerebral hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients. These findings merit clinical promotion and application.

Development and validation of a survival prediction model for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer based on LASSO regression.

A total of 523 patients were randomly divided into a training dataset (n=313) and a validation dataset (n=210). We conducted initial variable selection using three analytical methods: univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression, and random survival forest (RSF) analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was then performed on the variables selected by each method to construct the final predictive models. The optimal model was selected based on the highest bootstrap C-index observed in the validation dataset. Additionally, the predictive performance of the model was evaluated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (Time-ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The LASSO regression model, which included N stage, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), driver alterations, and first-line treatment, achieved a bootstrap C-index of 0.668 (95% CI: 0.626-0.722) in the validation dataset, the highest among the three models tested. The model demonstrated good discrimination in the validation dataset, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.633-0.781) for 1-year survival, 0.691 (95% CI: 0.616-0.765) for 2-year survival, and 0.696 (95% CI: 0.611-0.781) for 3-year survival predictions, respectively. Calibration plots indicated good agreement between predicted and observed survival probabilities. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model provides clinical benefit at a range of decision thresholds. The LASSO regression model exhibited robust performance in the validation dataset, predicting survival outcomes for patients with advanced NSCLC effectively. This model can assist clinicians in making more informed treatment decisions and provide a valuable tool for patient risk stratification and personalized management.