Music Therapy Research Articles

Penerapan Terapi Musik Instrumental Melalui Senam Terhadap Lansia Penderita Hipertensi di Panti Werdha Elim Kota Semarang

Panti Werdha Elim is an institution dedicated to elderly care that not only provides services but also recognizes the rights and responsibilities of the elderly. The main task of Panti Werdha Elim is to ensure the fulfillment of the elderly's needs, both in terms of physical and psychological care. One of the most common diseases suffered by the elderly is hypertension. Hypertension is a condition where a person's blood pressure is high and poses a risk of serious health problems. Panti Werdha Elim provides health care facilities in the form of music therapy for the elderly. This research aims to determine the application of music therapy in the elderly and to assess the effectiveness produced after the therapy is conducted. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The main informants consist of nurses, therapists, and the elderly. The results of this study indicate that therapy is carried out for 15-30 minutes using music provided by the institution. In addition, the effectiveness produced is that the elderly feel a significant change in their health condition when this therapy is performed regularly. Another finding is that therapy is not only conducted in groups but also includes individual therapy for clients in need. Therefore, this research provides a detailed overview of the music therapy conducted and the dynamics of the social conditions of the elderly at Panti Werdha Elim.

Effects of Music Therapy on Postoperative Pain Perception in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries Under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Controlled Randomized Comparative Clinical Study.

Background Music therapy has been shown to reduce the need for sedation and analgesics, as well as lower plasma cortisol and epinephrine levels in patients undergoing regional anesthesia. This study evaluates the efficacy of perioperative music therapy in reducing pain perception and its impact on cortisol levels. Materials and methods This prospective randomized control trial was conducted at the tertiary care center in Western Maharashtra. Sixty adult patients (males/females) undergoing elective lower abdomen surgery were included and randomized equally into two groups to listen to music using headphones at a preselected volume (Group M) or to use only headphones without any music played (Group C) for 2 hours in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Demographic information, anthropometric (height, weight), and biochemical (serum cortisol) measurements were performed. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades 1 and 2, and patients aged 18 to 65 years were included. Pain perception was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results The demographic data, including mean age, BMI, ASA status, average duration of anesthesia, and average duration of surgery, were comparable between the two groups. Group M showed improved control of systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 10- and 30-minutepost-induction of general anesthesia and had a significantly lower VAS score (p < 0.05). Additionally, patient satisfaction was higher in Group M (81.4%) compared to Group C (51.4%) with a p-value of < 0.05. Intraoperative awareness was non-significant between the groups. Conclusion Music therapy is a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious method for reducing pain perception and can be used in conjunction with other treatments for postoperative pain management.

Pioneering approaches: Navigating mind wandering and self-silencing in dissociated adolescent female sexual trauma survivors - An interpretative phenomenological analysis

BackgroundMinimal exploration exists on mind wandering and self-silencing in adolescent girls with sexual trauma and dissociation. ObjectiveTo investigate the lived experiences of female adolescent sexual trauma survivors with dissociation, focusing on overcoming mind-wandering and self-silencing through Pranayama, mindfulness meditation, music, and art therapy. Participants and settingsThis study, conducted in Sikkim, India, addresses a research gap in a culturally distinct context. Three adolescent girls diagnosed with PTSD and dissociation by a psychiatrist were selected through purposive sampling. MethodThis study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore participants' individual stories and perspectives. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the lived experiences and narratives of three participants. ResultsThe IPA analysis revealed three super-ordinate themes: coping mechanisms, support and relationships, and, therapeutic approaches and the healing journey. In coping mechanisms participants reported (1) mind-wandering, self-blame, and daydreaming, (2) self-silencing, and (3) sublimation through academic achievement. The support and relationships theme included (1) lack of support from family, (2) attachment issues with mothers, (3) gender-based double standards, (4) Lack of infrastructure and health care human resources, with some participants turning to (5) faith-healing for mental health issues. The therapeutic approaches and healing journey theme demonstrated the effectiveness of Pranayama, mindfulness meditation, music, and art therapy in alleviating mind-wandering and self-silencing. ConclusionsThis study underscores the resilience of survivors of post-sexual trauma, advocating for culturally sensitive healing and evidence-based practices. Addressing mind-wandering and self-silencing through Pranayama, mindfulness meditation, music, and art therapy strengthens support systems, pioneering ways to mitigate the impact of sexual abuse.

The Impact of Horse-Assisted Therapy on Socio-Emotional Behaviors in Children with Autism

Animal-assisted therapy for children with autism (ASD) is a form of complementary therapy, integrating methods from various other types of therapy. AAT, or animal-assisted therapy, is a series of interventions that are based on the behavioral traits of animals, especially dogs and horses, which are the most common in this context. These interventions can be integrated into conventional treatments such as behavioral therapy, play therapy, music therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and art therapy, depending on the individual needs of patients. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of an already existing Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) program on social communication skills, executive functions and motor skills in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. The research adopted an observational design to analyze how often certain behaviors occur in the presence or absence of horses in a group intervention program. This research included 16 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), aged between 9 and 14 years (12 boys and 4 girls), who were selected from an School Center for Inclusive Education. The conclusions drawn from our results showed that the horse-assisted therapy, implemented in our experiment, recorded a notable improvement in all the behavioral parameters analyzed. Improvements were observed in Attention in Activity (21.2%), Communication (18.3%) and Compliance (9.1%) during activities, Physical Movements, with a difference of 34.1%, Affective State (23.33%), Visual Control (45%), Functional Skills and Response to Command (46.66%), Social Attention (33.5%) and Dynamic Motor Skills (35.55%) during activities. And the biggest difference was observed in Vocalizations, with a difference of 53%. Our results strongly support the fact that complementary therapy of autism spectrum disorders with the help of horses is an effective form of intervention, which can bring substantial improvements in therapeutic outcomes.

Strategical Ways for Dental Anxiety Management Prior to Third Molar Extraction.

A patient experiencing moderate to severe anxiety often skips regular check-ups, choosing to visit only when necessary. As a result, their oral health worsens. Various variables can affect anxiety such as age, gender, culture, and previous experiences. One of the most frequent oral surgical procedures is extracting the third molar, which is accompanied by severe pain, tension, and anxiety, the use of invasive equipment, and local anesthetic. A combined effect was found of four factors, including the patient, dental employees, setting, and dental procedure, which can trigger and affect dental anxiety. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches were explored; as a non-drug approach, anxiety was managed by music therapy. Acupuncture, music, audio-visual aids, and lavender oil showed an effect that helped in reducing anxiety. Patients' dental anxiety can be reduced through behavioral management such as educating the patients before the surgical procedure, relaxation strategies, biofeedback, and exposure therapy. Medicationsinclude benzodiazepines, nitrous oxide (N2O), and midazolam. Effective treatment relies on collaboration between the patients anddentists; calm patients not only provide a manageable environment for the dental team but can also result in better treatment outcomes.

Pengaruh Expressive Movement Music Therapy Dan Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Penururan Kecemasan Pada Wanita Akseptor KB Suntik

Intoduction: Injectable birth control is a way to prevent pregnancy that is given by injecting hormones into the body. Problems that often arise when using injectable birth control are weight gain, amenorrhea, and anxiety when getting an injection. To reduce anxiety, non-pharmacological therapy is carried out, namely Expressive Movement Music Therapy and Lavender Aromatherapy. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of Expressive Movement Music Therapy and Lavender Aromatherapy on reducing anxiety in women receiving birth control injections. This research used a Pre Experiment research design with an Intact-Group Comparisons design with purposive sampling, with 40 respondents being injectable contraceptive acceptors who were divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group and the control group. Anxiety was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale-Anxiety (NRS-A) questionnaire, then data analysis was carried out using Mann Whitney because the data was not normally distributed. Result: The results of the study showed that there were differences in the anxiety levels of injectable contraceptive acceptors in the treatment group after being given the intervention with a p-value in the post-test for the treatment group of 0.000&lt;0.05 and the mean post-test value being 2.20, which means that the average respondent experienced mild anxiety. Analysis using Mann Whitney obtained a p value = 0.00, which is &lt;0.05, so there is a significant influence between Expressive Movement Music Therapy and Lavender Aromatherapy on reducing anxiety in women receiving birth control injections

Development and integration of a music therapy program in the neurologic inpatient setting: a qualitative study

Purpose Explore facilitators and barriers to development and integration of an inpatient music therapy (MT) program from the perspective of the patient, family member, and health care professional. Materials and methods This qualitative study recruited patients on acute neurosciences/neurorehabilitation units having participated in the hospital MT program, their family, and members of their health care team. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with 35 participants (14 patients, 5 family members, 16 health care professionals). Interviews/focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded in duplicate and a codebook was developed through an iterative process. Results Four dominant themes emerged from the data: (1) facilitators of program operations; (2) barriers to program establishment; (3) perceived positive impact on patient outcomes; and (4) opportunity for improvement. Facilitator sub-themes included a love for music that encouraged participation, broad appeal of MT, and support of the health care team. Conclusions Patients, health care professionals, and family members accepted MT as a treatment modality. While there is growing evidence for MT in neurorehabilitation, practical challenges remain in developing inpatient MT services, including funding, and optimal integration of music therapists into existing care teams.

Introduction to Guitar Techniques and Genres for the Utilization in Improvised Active Music Therapy

Abstract Guitar is a popular instrument for music therapy clinicians and students because it is portable and musically versatile. Guitar training is increasingly shared through music therapy literature, professional conferences, and workshops. However, there is still a lack of literature regarding the use of guitar improvization techniques for beginner and intermediate-level music therapists. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide the first simplified and standardized guitar methodological system for beginner and intermediate-level music therapy students and clinicians for the use in Improvised Active Music Therapy sessions in neurological rehabilitation. Improving guitar skills is important to increase confidence among students and clinicians and to enhance clinical outcomes. The manuscript is divided into two groups of exercises. The first group consists of four exercises with chord progressions. The second group consists of six strumming exercises. The strumming exercises should be combined with the chord progressions in the first group to expand upon the first position and aesthetic qualities. The exercises incorporate extended, chromatic, and suspended chords in Rock &amp; Roll, Blues, Hip-Hop and rap, Reggae, folk, country, Latin American, and Spanish styles in key of E major. The goal is to stimulate the skill of music therapy students and clinicians, and perhaps add some extra motivation and ideas for guitar improvization skills to enhance clinical outcomes.

Music Matters – A Qualitative Evaluation of a Nurse-Led, Group-Based Music Program Complementary to Early Intervention for First-Episode Psychosis

First-episode psychosis is a significant mental health condition that can have a profound and lasting effect on an individual’s functional abilities and overall quality of life. While music therapy has shown promise in improving these areas, there is a lack of research exploring the impact of music groups led by mental health professionals without formal music therapy training in the context of early intervention in psychosis. This study aimed to conduct a qualitative evaluation of a once-weekly, 12-week, nurse-led music group, offered as an adjunct to early intervention in young people with first-episode psychosis. The specific objectives were to explore social interaction and experiences of participants and instructors in relation to the music group and provide focus points for implementation in clinical practice. The study utilized Interpretive Description, collecting data through participant observation (6 sessions × 1.5 hrs; 9 hrs in total), key informant interviews (n = 1), and group (n = 4) and email-based (n = 2) interviews. The data was transcribed, thematized, and analyzed using NVivo12 and Interpretive Description inductive analysis resulting in three main themes: Practicalities of the music group, Restored identity, and Music as medicine reflecting the potential of the music group to contribute to a sense of non-patient identity, decreasing symptoms related to mental illness, foster social relationships and a feeling of belonging to a musical community. This study highligts how participation in music groups can be a possible promoter of recovery. However, sustainability appears contingent on the skills and resources of the facilitator (i.e., nurse). Suggestions for a program theory and clinical implications are presented and discussed.

Effects of Songwriting Group Music Therapy Program among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults with Dependency.

Informal caregivers of older people face demanding responsibilities that can negatively affect their wellbeing, highlighting the relevance of interventions that address their specific needs. This study aimed to assess the effects of a group music therapy program based on different songwriting approaches applied to informal caregivers of older adults with dependency. A sample of 113 caregivers participated, being assigned either to the intervention (n = 60) or the control group (n = 53). The intervention group caregivers received 10 weekly sessions of the songwriting program, while the control group continued with their usual care service. Psychological symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed at baseline and follow-up using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Zarit Burden Interview, and SF-36. Group × Time interactions revealed significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control one in trait anxiety (p = 0.022), social functioning (p = 0.013), role limitations due to physical problems (p = 0.020), and physical component summary (p = 0.022). These findings provided valuable evidence on this novel intervention, showing positive effects for caregivers' wellbeing. The current research emphasizes the importance of considering music therapy as a potential intervention among caregiver support programs.

Neurodiversity and Inclusive Education: A Therapeutic and Pedagogical Approach from Music Therapy in Early Childhood Education from a Systematic Review

Neurodiversity from the perspective of inclusive education has generated intervention processes that have been addressed from music therapy in the expression of human diversity in this research addresses the therapeutic approach of intervention from music in the comprehensive care of neurodivergent students. The objective was focused on analyzing the designs and implementations of the effectiveness of music therapy programs in students who present neurodiversity situations through the therapeutic and pedagogical strategies reported from scientific evidence. The method used refers to the systematic review from the PRISMA statement through the analysis of three categories of variables. The discussion focused on the reports and evidence generated from the interventions with music at the level of increasing cognitive, emotional, social and relational development in early childhood education students. In conclusion, it was identified that the promotion of emotional regulation skills, communication dynamics and social integration lead to increased levels of adaptation and inclusion that lead to improved academic success and inclusion in neurodivergent students.

Nursing intervention in older adults with insomnia

Introduction. Aging is loosely related to the chronological age of the person and in turn to the loss of physical, functional, psychological and social capacities. Sleep is a physiological process of fascination and of vital importance for the comprehensive health of the human being, the aging process alters the stages of sleep, which in the long term has side effects and represents economic costs for those older adults who are prescribed with pharmacological treatments. The amount of sleep remains constant throughout adult life, which is why doctors recommend that older adults sleep 7 to 8 hours a day to meet their sleep needs. There are sleep problems in older adults and one of them is insomnia, which is reflected in their daily lives, which is why music therapy appears as a non-pharmacological treatment to help reduce insomnia. Objetive. To evaluate the effect of nursing intervention in older adults with insomnia. Methodology. This research is quantitative, quasi-experimental in design, longitudinal and descriptive in scope. It was carried out in a period between April 2024-June 2024, in the province of Tungurahua, Canton Ambato, Parroquia La Matriz, Neighborhood Ciudadela España. The sample was 21 older adults from the Hogar de Ancianos Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that music therapy as a nursing intervention has positive effects on older adults with insomnia. Conclusion. With the application of the Athens Test before and after the music therapy sessions, a significant improvement was shown in various aspects of sleep, such as difficulty falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings and total sleep duration.

The use of music and music-related elements in speech-language therapy interventions for adults with neurogenic communication impairments: A scoping review.

A growing body of research indicatesthat music-based interventions show promising results for adults with a wide range of speech, language and communication disorders. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence on how speech-language therapists (SLTs) use music and music-related elements in therapeutic interventions for adults with acquired neurogenic communication impairments. This scoping review was completed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A systematic search of three databases (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and OVID Medline) was conducted and articles were included if they (1) incorporated adult human participants; (2) received an assessment or intervention facilitated by an SLT; (3) incorporated techniques and interventions which included music-related elements (e.g., rhythm, melody, harmony and dynamics); (4) were written in the English language; and (5) were peer-reviewed full-text articles. Data were extracted using the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System framework. A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included participants with neurogenic communication impairments secondary to stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia and traumatic brain injury. Musical interventions identified in the studies were Melodic Intonation Therapy, Modified Melodic Intonation Therapy, choral singing, singing therapy and songwriting. The majority of the studies reported interprofessional collaboration between SLTs and at least one other healthcare clinician and/or musician. Many studies also included music-based interventions lead and facilitated by musically trained SLTs. The results of the studies included in this review indicate that SLTs are using music-based interventions to target therapeutic goals to improve speech, language, voice and quality of life in collaboration with other clinicians and professional musicians. What is already known on this subject A growing body of research indicates that interventions using music (i.e., choirs and songwriting) and musical elements (i.e., rhythm and dynamics) show promising results for adults with neurogenic communication impairments. Currently, however, there is no clear indication of how speech-language therapists (SLTs) are using music in their clinical practice. What this study adds This scoping review collates the current evidence on how SLTs use music and musical elements in their clinical practice. SLTs are using music and musical elements for individuals with neurogenic communication impairments in populations such as Parkinson's disease, dementia and traumatic brain injury. Common interventions described in the literature include Melodic Intonation Therapy, choral singing, singing therapy and songwriting. What are the clinical implications of this work? Many SLTs collaborate when delivering music-based interventions, particularly with music therapists (MTs). This scoping review suggests that SLTs should continue to explore music-based interventions in collaboration with MTs and professional musicians to target therapeutic goals to improve speech, language, voice and quality of life.

Short-term effectiveness of music therapy songwriting for mental health outcomes of at-risk parents in the NICU: a study protocol of an international multicenter mixed-methods trial.

Preterm birth contributes to adverse mental health outcomes of parents dealing with a premature neonate. The main objective of this study is to determine whether music therapy (MT) songwriting during the infants' stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is superior to standard care in reducing the risk of postpartum depression in high-risk parents of preterm children throughout the hospital treatment. The secondary objectives include assessment of effectiveness of MT in other aspects of mental health (anxiety level, perceived stress, mental wellbeing, coping, resilience). Furthermore, this trial will evaluate the medical and social factors that may be associated with the effects of MT songwriting. The study design is a sequential mixed method study with a dominant status QUAN to qual. The quantitative trial was designed as a parallel, multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial. The qualitative study is a descriptive phenomenological study that seeks to understand the lived experiences of participants exposed to songwriting. Participants are parents of premature infants hospitalized in NICU (106 families) in 5 hospitals, in Colombia and Poland. Intervention: 3 MT songwriting sessions per week across 3 weeks. Primary outcome: the risk of postnatal depression; secondary outcomes: anxiety level, mental wellbeing, resilience, stress, coping. The results will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. This study will provide a report on the effectiveness of MT songwriting on mental health in at-risk parents of preterm infants.

AN EMOTION ANALYSIS METHOD THAT INTEGRATES EEG SIGNALS AND MUSIC THERAPY USING A TRANSFORMER MODEL

The need for sentiment analysis in the mental health field is increasing, and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and music therapy have attracted extensive attention from researchers as breakthrough ideas. However, the existing methods still face the challenge of integrating temporal and spatial features when combining these two types, especially when considering the volume conduction differences among multichannel EEG signals and the different response speeds of subjects; moreover, the precision and accuracy of emotion analysis have yet to be improved. To solve this problem, we integrate the idea of top-k selection into the classic transformer model and construct a novel top-k sparse transformer model. This model captures emotion-related information in a finer way by selecting k data segments from an EEG signal with distinct signal features. However, this optimization process is not without its challenges, and we need to balance the selected k values to ensure that the important features are preserved while avoiding excessive information loss. Experiments conducted on the DEAP dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves significant improvements over other models. By enhancing the sensitivity of the model to the emotion-related information contained in EEG signals, our method achieves an overall emotion classification accuracy improvement and obtains satisfactory results when classifying different emotion dimensions. This study fills a research gap in the field of sentiment analysis involving EEG signals and music therapy, provides a novel and effective method, and is expected to lead to new ideas regarding the application of deep learning in sentiment analysis.

Listening to caregivers’ voices about the experience of integrating music therapy-informed activity in community-based rehabilitation in rural India

ABSTRACT Background This project is part of a four-year intercultural collaboration between Indian and Australian stakeholders studying to use of music therapy (MT)-informed activity in community-based rehabilitation (CBR) with disabled children and their families in rural Maharashtra. This paper presents a qualitative study of caregiver perspectives. Methods Interviews with four participating caregivers were thematically analysed, with an emphasis on participant voices. The combined thematic analysis of the four interviews revealed shared five themes. Results Data analysis revealed caregivers’ perception that music in CBR supported existing CBR goals. Furthermore, caregivers reported that music in CBR enhanced motivation and participation for children and families and fostered community connection. Importantly, caregivers noted that music made CBR fun and was a pre-existing resource. Conclusions Findings were congruent with research with other stakeholders in the intercultural collaboration. Caregiver perspectives offer new insight into the priorities of families in CBR, which has wider relevance arts and health workers in community-based practice.

Music therapy for depression: A narrative review

AbstractAs living standards improve, mental and physical health have been gaining increasing attention. Presently, depression is one of the most severe mental health issues. Depression affects the quality of life of affected individuals because it lasts for a very long time and is generally difficult to cure. Currently, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are the two main approaches for treating depression. However, some principles and characteristics of pharmacotherapy remain unclear, and its side effects are significant and noticeable. In addition, ordinary psychotherapy requires the assistance of a qualified psychotherapist, which is usually hard to find and expensive. Both methods are burdensome to the patients, making it difficult for them to benefit. As an easy‐to‐obtain therapy, music therapy has been recommended by physicians as an auxiliary therapy for various diseases to regulate patients' emotions and help the primary treatment methods to obtain better therapeutic effects. This review investigates and summarizes recent articles on the pathogenesis of depression and the effects of music therapy on depression. Its results show that music therapy is effective and available. However, a systematic treatment plan has not yet been formulated due to the lack of samples and short follow‐up times. Future studies should include more samples and follow‐up patients after the treatment period to address the continuous effect and principle of music therapy.

The Creation of Music Therapy to Relieve Muscle Pain from Office Syndrome

The Creation of Music Therapy to Relieve Muscle Pain from Office Syndrome

Gatekeeping and fence-making: Themes and discourses of musicianship in UK music therapy training

Music therapy pedagogy remains under-researched in the United Kingdom, with much pedagogic knowledge held implicitly by experienced trainers and supervisors. Musical training requirements are further under-theorised, emphasising a ‘high degree of musicianship’ as a single criterion while leaving unclear how musical and therapeutic identities are integrated within the Music Therapist/musician. This article presents findings from interviews with five experienced UK trainers carried out in 2017–2018. Interviews were analysed from two perspectives: a thematic analysis identified trainers’ views on what ‘being a Music Therapist’ means in musical terms, while a discourse analysis helped show how trainers position music therapy in relation to musicianship more generally. Findings suggest trainers understand musicianship in music therapy as a combination of distinct musicianship characteristics, where exceptional achievement in one does not make up for lack in another. Trainers’ assessments of competence across these characteristics not only act to identify suitable candidates for training (gatekeeping) but also discursively construct the practice of music therapy itself and distinguish it from other musical practices (fence-making). The UK music therapy training context has developed rapidly since these data were collected. Nevertheless, this study gives an account of recent pedagogic thinking on musicianship which remains relevant to current music therapy training.

Psychological Characteristics of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as a Cause of Their Stigmatization and Victimization in Society

The psychological characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are a significant barrier to their adaptation to society and the realization of their personal potential. There is a shortage of literature reviews on this topic, taking into account research over the past few years on. The basis for the literature review material was 51 foreign sources (of which 100% of the sources were in the last four years from 2020 to 2024, with 21 (41%) sources in 2024). Methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used in writing the literature review. Modern literature indicates the presence of a complex of psychological characteristics in children with ADHD, which are based on disorders in the cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral spheres. In the cognitive sphere of children with ADHD, there are impairments in spatial abilities, decreased working memory, attention deficit and low speed of information processing, which are the cause of specific learning disabilities in more than half of children with ADHD. The most common emotional disturbances in children with ADHD are abnormal symptoms of anxiety, stress, low mood, motivation, and depression. Common behavioral symptoms of ADHD include impulsivity, irritability, suicidal behavior, and deliberate attempts at non-suicidal self-harm. All of these cognitive, emotional and behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD can act as predictors of external stigma, most often expressed by school bullying (victimization), as well as internal stigmatization (low self-esteem). Horse riding, music therapy, group psychodrama, training in magic tricks, etc. are cited as the main modern non-pharmacological means of correcting the symptoms of ADHD.