Neurospecific Enolase Research Articles

Evaluation and clinical significance of serum neurospecific enolase in children with pneumonia: a case-control study

BackgroundNeurospecific Enolase (NSE), a multifunctional protein, is present in various tissues of the body and plays an important role in many disease processes, such as infection, inflammation, tumours, injury, and immunity. In recent years, the application of NSE in respiratory diseases has become increasingly widespread and a research hotspot.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the relationship between NSE and childhood pneumonia, providing assistance for the diagnosis and assessment of pneumonia.MethodsUsing prospective research and case-control methods, We selected 129 children with pneumonia hospitalised in Weifang People’s Hospital from September 2020 to April 2022 as the case group. Among them were 67 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP+), 62 cases of non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP -), and 21 cases of severe pneumonia. At the same time, 136 children who underwent outpatient health examinations were selected as the control group. The levels of NSE, ESR, CRP in cases group and NSE in control group were measured separately.ResultThe NSE levels in the MP + group were 17.86 (14.29–22.54) ng/mL, while those in the MP- group were 17.89 (14.10–21.66) ng/mL, both of which were higher than the control group’s NSE levels of 13.26(12.18,14.44) ng/mL (H = 46.92, P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in NSE levels between the MP + and MP - groups (P > 0.05). The NSE level in the severe pneumonia group was 27.38 (13.95–34.06) ng/mL, higher than that in the mild pneumonia group, which was 17.68 (14.27–21.04) ng/mL, (P = 0.024). The AUC values for diagnosing pneumonia are NSE0.714, CRP0.539, and ESR0.535, with NSE having the highest diagnostic value.ConclusionSerum NSE can serve as an inflammatory indicator for paediatric pneumonia, which has important clinical guidance significance for the diagnosis, condition evaluation, and prognosis of paediatric pneumonia.

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in lung cancer patients and their associations with clinical health indicators

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have potential carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Research has been conducted on PFAS exposure in people to discuss their potential health effects, excluding lung cancer. In this study, we recruited participants (n = 282) with lung cancer from Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The PFAS concentrations were measured in their serum to fill the data gap of exposure, and relationships were explored in levels between PFASs and clinical indicators of tumor, immune and liver function. Ten PFASs were found in over 80 % of samples and their total concentrations were 5.27–152 ng/mL, with the highest level for perfluorooctanesulfonate (median: 12.4 ng/mL). Long-chain PFASs were the main congeners and their median concentration (20.5 ng/mL) was nearly three times to that of short-chain PFASs (7.61 ng/mL). Significantly higher concentrations of perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonate were found in males than in females (p < 0.05). Serum levels of neuro-specific enolase were positively associated with perfluoropentanoic acid in all participants and were negatively associated with perfluorononanesulfonate in females (p < 0.05, multiple linear regression models). Exposure to PFAS mixture was significantly positively associated with the lymphocytic absolute value (difference: 0.224, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.470; p < 0.05, quantile g-computation models) and serum total bilirubin (difference: 2.177, 95% CI: 0.0335, 4.33; p < 0.05). Moreover, PFAS exposure can affect γ-glutamyl transpeptidase through several immune markers (p < 0.05, mediating test). Our results suggest that exposure to certain PFASs could interfere with clinical indicators in lung cancer patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect serum PFAS occurrence and check their associations with clinical indicators in lung cancer patients.

Serum Biochemical Markers for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Update.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a rare malignancy, requires early diagnosis for optimal patient outcomes. An important aspect of MTC diagnosis is the assessment of serum biomarkers. This review aimed to evaluate the use of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of MTC. A thorough search of PubMed covering 1975 to 2022 was conducted to identify English-language articles on MTC serum biomarkers. The review revealed that calcitonin (Ctn) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) remain the most important serum biomarkers for MTC diagnosis and management. Despite limited studies on procalcitonin (PCT), its stability and ability to exclude interference from inflammation make it a valuable potential marker of MTC. Although the positive rate of serum CA19-9 levels in MTC patients was not high, it can be used as an indicator of poor prognosis in advanced MTC. Other serum markers, including chromogranin A, gastrin-releasing peptide precursor, and neurospecific enolase, did not show any unique value in MTC diagnosis and management. Taken together, this review emphasized the importance of serum biomarkers, particularly Ctn and CEA, in the diagnosis and management of MTC. PCT shows promise as a valuable potential marker, whereas CA19-9 can be used as a prognostic indicator of advanced MTC. Further research is needed to validate the significance of these serum biomarkers in MTC and determine the effects of confounding factors on their levels. Clinicians should consider using these markers in MTC diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up, particularly for patients with advanced disease.

Stability of ten serum tumor markers after one year of storage at-18°C.

The storage of serum tumor markers (STM) at-18 °C for one year has been a legal requirement in France since 1999, but has been abolished in 2022. This raises the question of the relevance of maintaining these biobanks in terms of conditions of storage. These should only be implemented after validation; in order to maintain the integrity of the biological sample and must be controlled over time according to the laboratory's procedures. The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of storing 10 STMs by evaluating their stability after one year of storage at-18 °C. A new immuno-enzymatic assay (A+1) was conducted on samples that had been stored at-18 °C for one year after an initial assay (A)of one of the following STMs: carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), total (TPSA), and free (FPSA) prostate-specific antigen, calcitonin (CT), thyroglobulin (TG), and neuro-specific enolase (NSE). The results were confronted to four different permissible error sources. In total, 1148 A+1 assays were performed. A strong correlation between A+1 and A values was found for all analytes, but with a statistically significant reduction in the mean A+1 concentration compared to the mean A concentration in 7/10 STMs. The bias induced by conservation seems to be technically unsustainable if we rely on the repositories closest to the current analytical performances. These results support the discontinuation of mandatory STM biobank storage at-18 °C, which requires considerable technical time and organizational effort.

КЛІНІЧНІ ТА ДЕЯКІ ІМУНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВІВ ГЕРПЕСВІРУСНИХ УРАЖЕНЬ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ НА ФОНІ ПОСТКОВІДНОГО СИНДРОМУ

The article presents data from the current literature on the relevance of a serious health problem, problems in the diagnosis of post-COVID syndrome, complications, complex T-cell and cross-talk immune system responses. A detailed analysis of the manifestations of central and peripheral nervous system lesions in herpesvirus infections with post-COVID syndrome is carried out and substantiated by the literature. The manifestations of immune responses and autoimmune changes in COVID-19 are presented. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and immunological features of the course of herpesvirus lesions of the nervous system in patients with and without post-COVID syndrome. We examined 96 patients with nervous system lesions of herpesvirus etiology who had a history of COVID-19 (on average 2-2.5 months before admission to the department). Patients who have had COVID are much more likely to have lesions of individual CNS (2.14 times), PTO dysfunction (2.1 times), diffuse neurological symptoms (2 times), mental disorders (1.8 times), sleep disorders (3.5 times) and fever (2.4 times). The authors of the article found that in patients with nervous system lesions against the background of post-COVID syndrome and activation of neurotropic pathogens, headac he, ataxia and autonomic dysfunction, diffuse neurological symptoms and pyramidal insufficiency were most common. The activity of autoantibodies to neuroantigens (myelin basic protein, NSE, S-100, and human general brain antigen) was determined in all patients. In patients with post-COVID syndrome, a statistically significant increase in the level of autoantibodies to myelin basic protein, S100 protein, and neurospecific enolase was detected compared to the control group. These data indicate a more severe course of nervous system lesions in the setting of post-COVID syndrome, which in turn is associated with deeper damage to the structures of the nervous system. Keywords: Long-COVID, nervous system injures, autoimmune response, herpesviruses.

КЛІНІЧНІ ТА ДЕЯКІ ІМУНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВІВ ГЕРПЕСВІРУСНИХ УРАЖЕНЬ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ НА ФОНІ ПОСТКОВІДНОГО СИНДРОМУ

The article p in the diagnosis of post-COVID syndrome, complications, complex T-cell and cross-talk immune system responses. resents data from the current literature on the relevance of a serious health problem, problems A detailed analysis of the manifestations of central and peripheral nervous system lesions in herpesvirus infections with post-COVID syndrome is carried out and substantiated by the literature. The manifestations of immune responses and autoimmune changes in COVID-19 are presented. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and immunological features of the course of herpesvirus lesions of the nervous system in patients with and without post-COVID syndrome. We examined 96 patients with nervous system lesions of herpesvirus etiology who had a history of COVID-19 (on average 2–2.5 months before admission to the department). Patients who have had COVID are much more likely to have lesions of individual CNS (2.14 times), PTO dysfunction (2.1 times), diffuse neurological symptoms (2 times), mental disorders (1.8 times), sleep disorders (3.5 times) and fever (2.4 times). The authors of the article found that in patients with nervous system lesions against the background of postCOVID syndrome and activation of neurotropic pathogens, headac he, ataxia and autonomic dysfunction, diffuse neurological symptoms and pyramidal insufficiency were most common. The activity of autoantibodies to neuroantigens (myelin basic protein, NSE, S100, and human general brain antigen) was determined in all patients. In patients with post-COVID syndrome, a statistically significant increase in the level of autoantibodies to myelin basic protein, S100 protein, and neurospecific enolase was detected compared to the control group. These data indicate a more severe course of nervous system lesions in the setting of postCOVID syndrome, which in turn is associated with deeper damage to the structures of the nervous system. Keywords: Long-COVID, nervous system injures, autoimmune response, herpesviruses.

Neuroprotective effect of cytoflavin in the treatment of premature newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Cytoflavin as a neuroprotective therapy for neurological complications in premature newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. 56 premature newborns with low body weight were examined. Newborn children, depending on the therapy, were divided into 2 groups: Group I - 32 premature newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; received basic therapy and Cytoflavin; Group II - 24 premature newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; received only basic therapy. Moreover, the state of neurospecific enolase (NSE) and blood lactate were studied. Patients of the first group who received cytoflavin, on days 5-6 after treatment there was a decrease in the severity of cerebral ischemia. Also, decreased levels of NSE and blood lactate. The revealed neuroprotective effect of cytoflavin in the treatment of premature newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, good tolerability of the drug and its compatibility with other drugs used in the standard treatment of perinatal lesions of the nervous system, which makes it possible to recommend Cytoflavin for the treatment of neurometabolic disorders in children in the first months of life in complex therapy perinatal lesions of the nervous system of premature newborns.

Abstract 245: A Validated Score to Predict Poor Neurological Outcome After 72 Hours of Refractory VF/VT in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Introduction: The challenge with neuroprognostication is finding a multimodal prediction model that yields the lowest false positive rate for a poor outcome. Objectives: To develop and validate a score that accurately predicts poor neurological outcome after 72 hours of ECPR initiation. Methods: Single-center, retrospective cohort study included 361 OHCA patients who underwent ECPR at the University of Minnesota between December 2015-January 2023. In a 50% random modeling sample, we obtained a derivation (n=180) and validation sample (n=181). The primary outcome was poor neurological outcome (defined as CPC 3-5) at hospital discharge. Neurological predictors were neuro specific enolase (NSE)&gt;3ULN on day 1, myoclonus status epilepticus on day 1-3, neurological pupillary index (NPI)&lt;2 on day 3-6, Glasgow motor=3 on day 3-6, highly malignant pattern on EEG (hmEEG) on day 3-6, CT with anoxic brain injury on day 3, and absent of brainstem reflexes on day 3-6. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed on each predictor. A simple prediction score tool was constructed and evaluated through ROC analysis. A youden index was used for optimal cut-off. Results: Of 361 patients, 170 (47%) survived to hospital discharge. Of these, 85% (145/170) survived with favorable neurological outcome. The final multivariate logistic regression model in the derivation sample retained eight predictors: Absence of witnessed status and bystander CPR; downtime≥ 7min, lactate≥ 9mmol, low flow≥ 55min, NSE&gt;3ULN, hmEEG, CT with anoxic brain injury and absence of brainstem reflexes, which were combined to develop an 8-point risk scoring model Minnesota OHCA using ECPR (MECPR). Model discrimination had an AUC of 0.87 [95%CI 0.82-0.92] in the derivation sample and 0.86 [95% CI 0.85-0.92] in the validation sample, and calibration (goodness of fit p=0.04). MECPR≥6 predicted poor neurological outcome with a sensitivity ~21%, specificity 100% and a FPR 0%. A MECPR ≥4 and ≥6 had an 89% and 97% probability of poor neurological outcome, respectively. Conclusions: A simple, accurate prediction scoring tool (MECPR) based on a multimodal approach after 72hrs of refractory cardiac arrest provides estimates of probability of poor neurological outcome among patients treated with ECPR.

A "signal-off" electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on electron transfer between core-shell emitter Ag@SiO2 and quencher CeO2

Silver nanoparticles (Ag·NPs) show promising advantages in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) owing to their favorable optical properties and biocompatibility. However, their susceptibility to oxidation and degradation in the presence of air adversely affects ECL intensity. In this study, we employed a sandwich sensing platform using silica-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2) as a novel luminescent material and cerium dioxide (CeO2) as an ECL signal quencher for sensitive neuro-specific enolase (NSE) detection. The core-shell structure protected Ag NPs within the silica (SiO2) layer, enhancing their ECL luminescence properties by reducing external environmental influence and preventing Ag NPs aggregation. Amino-functionalized CeO2 efficiently diminished Ag@SiO2 ECL emission through electron transfer, resulting in a "signal-off" detection mode with high sensitivity and accuracy. The detection limit reached 1.66 fg/mL, and the detection range spanned from 100 fg/mL to 500 ng/mL, showcasing a powerful biomolecule detection strategy.

Effect of I-125 Seed Implantation on Lung Cancer and Its Environmental Impact.

This paper compares the efficacy and adverse effects of iodine-125 ( 125 I) seed implantation and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of lung cancer as well as impact of the 125 I radiation on the environment around the patients. A total of 40 patients who were admitted with lung cancer to our hospital from October 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled into this study. The patients were randomly assigned into study groups treated with 125 I seed implantation (20 patients) and a control group treated with EBRT (20 patients). The patients were followed up for 6 mo by CT scanning of the tumor size as well as measuring serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin fragment (CYRA21-1), and neurospecific enolase (NSE) levels. The dose rate of 125 I at various distances and times after implantation was also measured. The local tumor control rate was higher in the study group than in the control group. CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 significantly decreased from the pre-treatment baseline in both groups (p < 0.05). Side effects of pneumothorax, hemoptysis, chest pain, and leukopenia occurred in the patients treated with 125 I seed implantation. Radiation of the 125 I isotope, which was correlated with the number of implanted 125 I seeds, decreased rapidly in a time- and distance-dependent manner. A lead apron could significantly block radiation of 125 I. Compared to EBRT, brachytherapy with 125 I seed implantation in the lung cancer had a better therapeutic outcome with fewer complications. A lead apron could protect members of patient's family as well as public from 125 I radiation.

ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ БИОМАРКЁРЫ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА ПРИ САХАРНОМ ДИАБЕТЕ

Objective: This review outlines the literature data on the main laboratory biomarkers of brain damage in diabetes mellitus (DM) type I and II. Neurospecific proteins: S-100 protein, neurospecific enolase, glial fibrillar acidic protein, myelin basic protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are considered specific markers of cerebral dysfunction in DM. Emphasis is placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein), as blood biomarkers, the increase of which indicates brain damage in DM type I and II. High concentrations of adipokines, inflammatory mediators of adipose tissue, are a reliable laboratory sign of brain damage in this endocrinopathy. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as pathogenic metabolites of oxidative stress (OS), detected in blood in high concentration, can act as indicators of cognitive deficit in DM. Increased concentration of autoantibodies to some neuroreceptors (dopamine, glutamate) may serve as specific laboratory biomarkers of brain damage in DM type I. Further searches of new laboratory biomarkers of brain dysfunction are needed in order to improve the diagnosis of cerebral insufficiency in DM Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, biomarkers, brain damage, neurospecific proteins, adipokines.

Relationship of Postoperative Serum Neuro-Specific Enolase Levels with Postoperative Delirium Occurring after Microvascular Depression Surgery in Older Patients

There is a high incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) following microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. Neuronal survival, differentiation, and neurite regeneration are regulated by neuro-specific enolase (NSE). Therefore, we investigated and assessed whether circulating NSE levels are related to POD after MVD surgery. We recruited a total of 209 patients and 209 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted, and serum NSE levels were measured in the serum of patients before and after surgery, as well as the serum of controls. Patients were categorized according to the presence of POD. Postoperative patient serum levels of NSE were significantly higher compared to preoperative levels. Additionally, postoperative serum NSE levels were remarkably higher in POD patients than non-POD patients. In addition, there was no significant correlation between NSE levels and the type and severity of postoperative delirium. Age (OR = 1.153, 95% CI = 1.040–1.277, p = 0.006), the levels of serum NSE (OR = 1.326, 95% CI = 1.177–1.494, p &lt; 0.001), and the levels of serum S100β (OR = 1.006, 95% CI = 1.000–1.012, p = 0.048) were the three independent variables for predicting POD. A significant correlation existed between serum S100β levels and serum NSE levels (t = 2.690, p = 0.008). In terms of area under the precision–recall curve, the discriminatory ability of serum NSE levels (AUC = 0.876, 95% CI = 0.829–0.924, p &lt; 0.0001) was close to that of the serum S100β level (AUC = 0.879, 95% CI = 0.825–0.933, p &lt; 0.0001) and significantly higher than that of age (AUC = 0.813, 95% CI = 0.755–0.871, p &lt; 0.0001). Combining all three features produced a dramatic improvement over individual effects. The NSE level in serum was a stronger indicator of the likelihood of POD after MVD surgery in the older population. The clinical determination of this factor might be useful for distinguishing older patients at risk of POD after MVD surgery on the basis of their clinical findings.

LBODP009 Resection Of An Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secreting Pheochromocytoma In A Jehovah'S Witness Patient

Abstract Background: Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffincells in the adrenal medulla, and the excessive catecholamine secreted causes serious cardiovascular effects to the patient. Adrenalectomy is the definitive treatment with a morbidity rate of 40% and a mortality rate of 2%. Intraoperative bleeding is a major concern with any surgical procedure, thus preparation of blood products for possible transfusion during the perioperative period is prudent. A religious group known as the Jehovah's witnesses recommend blood transfusion refusal to its members. We encountered a case of a Jehovah's witness with pheochromocytoma requiring adrenalectomy. CASE: A case of 54 year old, Filipino male, a Jehovah's witnesses, hypertensive for 14 years, complained of 1 week vague right upper quadrant abdominal pain and bouts of headache. A CT scan of the abdomen with contrast revealed an 11.7x 12.2×10.3cm mass on the right adrenal. Biochemical tests were consistent with pheochromocytoma that is co-secreting with ACTH, but with no physical features of hypercortisolism. An elevated levels of 24 hours urine Metanephrine (8.95 mg/ 24hrs),24 hours urine cortisol (173.98 mcg /24 hours), serum ACTH (57 pg/ml), 8am serumcortisol (22.44 mcg/dl), and 1 mg Dexamethasone suppression 8am cortisol (18.85mcg/dl). Patient consented to surgery but signed a waiver of refusal to any blood transfusion. Erythropoietin 5000 IU SC three times per week was then initiated 1month prior to the surgery. Terazosin 25 mg three times a day followed by Metoprolol25 mg twice daily, for adequate alpha and beta blockade, and hydration prior to surgery was done. The Estimated blood loss during surgery was 600 ml, patient's hemoglobin level dropped to 98 g/L on the 7th post-operative day from pre-operative level of 125 g/L, hence, the Erythropoietin was continued until was discharged. The Histopathology report showed round cell neoplasm, with positive immunohistochemical stain for synaptophysin and chromogranin, and a weak positive of NSE (Neuro-specific enolase) consistent with pheochromocytoma.

Динаміка рівнів нейроавтоантитіл у крові хворих на тяжку черепно-мозкову травму

Актуальність. Як відомо, тяжка черепно-мозкова травма супроводжується розвитком гіпоксії з подальшою загибеллю нервових клітин. Важливу роль у патологічному процесі відіграють автоімунні реакції клітинного і гуморального типу. Мета роботи: вивчити вміст у крові автоантитіл до нейроантигенів у хворих на тяжку черепно-мозкову травму. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 40 хворих з ізольованою тяжкою черепно-мозковою травмою, які перебували на лікуванні у відділенні інтенсивної терапії в післяопераційному періоді. Контрольну групу становили 20 здорових добровольців. Вміст автоантитіл до мозкових антигенів (основного білка мієліну (MBP), кальційзв’язуючого білка (S-100), нейроспецифічної енолази (NSE) та загального мозкового антигенa) визначали методом імуноферментного аналізу на 1-шу, 3-тю, 5-ту ,7-му, 14-ту добу після оперативного втручання. Результати. Було виявлено, що рівень автоантитіл до основного білка мієліну на 1-шу добу, а також упродовж усього дослідження вірогідно не відрізнявся від рівня здорових добровольців. Концентрація автоантитіл до кальційзв’язуючого білка на 1-шу добу вірогідно не відрізнялась від рівня здорових добровольців, але на 3-тю добу вона збільшилась, різниця між показниками пацієнтів і здорових добровольців була статистично вірогідною. На 5-ту добу відбувалося зниження показників зі збереженням вірогідної різниці. На 7-му та 14-ту добу рівні автоантитіл пацієнтів поступово знижувалися (р &gt; 0,05). Рівень автоантитіл до нейроспецифічної енолази на 1-шу добу не перевищував показники здорових добровольців (р &gt; 0,05). На 3-тю добу рівень збільшився, досягши піка на 5-ту добу, коли різниця порівняно з показниками здорових добровольців була статистично вірогідною. В подальшому відбувалося зниження показників зі збереженням статистично вірогідної різниці. Рівні автоантитіл до загального мозкового антигена на 1-шу добу були підвищені, але вірогідно не відрізнялися від показників здорових добровольців. В подальшому показники зростали, досягши піка на 5-ту добу, коли вони статистично різнилися з показниками здорових добровольців. Надалі спостерігалося зниження показників на 7-му та 14-ту добу зі збереженням статистично вірогідної різниці. Висновки. Результати нашого дослідження показали, що тяжка черепно-мозкова травма викликає підвищення рівнів специфічних автоантитіл до мозкових антигенів у сироватці крові хворих. Зафіксований високий рівень автоантитіл до нейроспецифічної енолази, білка S-100, загального мозкового антигена і низький — до основного білка мієліну, що дозволяє зробити висновок про те, що саме нейрони і астроглія схильні насамперед до змін та пошкодження, оскільки до їх антигенів активується автоімунний процес.

Deep Learning-Based Chest CT Image Features in Diagnosis of Lung Cancer.

This study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of deep learning-optimized chest CT in the patients with lung cancer. 90 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer by surgery or puncture in hospital were selected as the research subjects. The Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask-RCNN) model was a typical end-to-end image segmentation model, and Dual Path Network (DPN) was used in nodule detection. The results showed that the accuracy of DPN algorithm model in detecting lung lesions in lung cancer patients was 88.74%, the accuracy of CT diagnosis of lung cancer was 88.37%, the sensitivity was 82.91%, and the specificity was 87.43%. Deep learning-based CT examination combined with serum tumor detection, factoring into Neurospecific enolase (N S E), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, improved the accuracy to 97.94%, the sensitivity to 98.12%, and the specificity to 100%, all showing significant differences (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for improving the diagnostic efficiency of CT imaging in lung cancer and theoretical support for subsequent lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Biomarkers of brain damage and inflammation in patients with acute cerebral ischemia

To study the pathogenetic and clinical significance of factors of hypoxic brain damage and inflammatory mediators in the development of stroke, to improve the diagnosis using laboratory markers of brain damage and inflammation in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. We examined 55 people with stroke of the ischemic type at the age of 74 (67; 80) years, the comparison group consisted of 25 volunteers at the age of 65.0 (62.0; 66.5) years. Depending on the outcome of ischemic stroke, patients were assigned to the discharged group or to the deceased group. Blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100b protein, glial fibrillar acidic protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6); blood serum neurospecific enolase, and cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Clinical blood test and assessment of fibrinogen content were performed on days 1, 3 and 10 of stroke. There is an increase in the levels of markers of brain tissue damage and systemic inflammation in the blood and CSF in response to cerebral ischemia that reflects the synergy of these pathological processes in patients with stroke, their association with the severity of stroke and its outcome. The results indicate that the postischemic release of neurospecific proteins, an increase in the content of IL-6, CRP, and cortisol make it possible to additionally characterize the severity of stroke and the body's response to damage, and predict the outcome of the disease.

Diagnostic value of ONSD in sepsis associated encephalopathy of New Zealand rabbits

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to assess whether optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by ultrasound could predict brain injury in sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE). MethodsA total of 48 male New Zealand White rabbits were used to establish sepsis model. The levels of neuro-specific enolase (NSE), S100B, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and ONSD were measured before modeling, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after modeling. Sixteen rabbits were sacrificed for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of brain tissue and the brain water content at above time points. Rabbits demonstrated brain injury by HE staining were included in the SAE group, the others were enrolled in the control group. The correlation between ONSD and MPO, NSE and S100B in the SAE group were analyzed. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to analyze the area under the curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity of ONSD values for SAE. ResultsTwenty-nine of 48 rabbits had brain injury, while 19 cases were enrolled in the control group. The level of MPO, NSE, S100B, TNF-α at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in SAE group were all higher than those of the control group with statistical significance. The ONSD in SAE group increased with time and significantly wider than those in the control group. Correlation analysis revealed that ONSD was positively correlated with MPO, NSE and S100B in the SAE group. The AUCs for the ONSD value in diagnosing SAE at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h were 0.864, 0.957, 0.877, respectively. ConclusionsAlterations in ONSD strongly correlated with MPO, NSE and S100B among SAE rabbits. Monitoring of ONSD exhibited a high predictive value for SAE.

Dynamic Observation of the Effect of L-Theanine on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Mathematical Model Analysis.

This study was to use the partial differential mathematical model to analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) and to dynamically observe the role of L-theanine in CIRI based on this. 30 patients with cerebral ischemia in a hospital in a certain area were selected and divided into a cerebral ischemia group and a L-theanine treatment group. The two groups of patients were examined by MRI within 48 hours, and the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) of the cerebral ischemic part of the patients was determined. The partial differential mathematical model was used for data processing to obtain the function of cerebral ischemia time and infarct area, and the data of patients in the cerebral ischemia group and L-theanine treatment group were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the partial differential mathematical model could effectively analyze the linear relationship between the rADC value and time in the treatment of CIRI using L-theanine. The rADC values of the four points of interest in the L-theanine treatment group all increased with time, and there was a positive correlation between the variables X and Y. In observing the efficacy indicators of L-theanine, the L-theanine treatment group showed a significant advantage in the neurospecific enolase (NSE) content compared with the cerebral ischemia group (P < 0.01), and the neurological function score of the L-theanine treatment group gradually decreased and showed a statistically obvious difference on the 7th day of treatment (P < 0.05). In summary, it was verified in this study that the role of L-theanine in the treatment of CIRI was of a great and positive significance for the subsequent treatment of patients with cerebral ischemia, providing reliable theoretical basis and data basis for clinical treatment of CIRI.

Based lateral flow immunosensor for ultrasensitive and selective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy stroke biomarkers detection

Despite optimistic trends in mortality and incidence, stroke is still a major cause of disability and death in populations. The application of blood-based biomarkers is known as a promising field for predicting the disease severity and prognosis to further guide therapy strategy. However, proposing a method that can accurately and sensitively identify patients by biomarkers detection remains a notable challenge due to the complexity of stroke pathogenesis and low abundance of target molecules. In this experiment, we designed a target antibody modified surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanospheres (GNPs) combined with probe-immobilized lateral flow strip as nanostructure to assess multiple-biomarker in blood samples of stroke patients simultaneously. Then the sensitive and quantitative measures toward stroke-related matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), S100 calcium-binding protein B protein (S100-β), and neuro-specific enolase (NSE) were implemented in a wide range from 0.0001 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.01 pg/mL. Furthermore, the accuracy of SERS imaging was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the outcome obtained through SERS imaging was in accord with those obtained by ELISA. Therefore, this method can provide a reliable strategy for stroke diagnosis and prognosis evaluation with showing great prospect for clinical applications through further quantitative analysis of molecules in blood samples.

Clinical research on the combined use of systemic chemotherapy and CT-guided radiofrequency ablation in treatment of lung cancer.

The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical efficacy and safety of the combined use of systemic chemotherapy and CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of lung cancer. A panel of 256 patients with lung cancer who were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to October 2019 were recruited. According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into test group (n = 128) and control group (n = 128). Patients in the test group were treated by systemic chemotherapy combined with CT-guided RFA, while patients in the control group were given systemic chemotherapy only. After treatment, a comparative analysis was conducted in terms of clinical efficacy, level of tumor markers, and adverse reactions. Meanwhile, patients in the two groups were followed up for analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). After treatment, the tumor objective response rate and disease control rate of patients in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Besides, in patients of the test group, tumor markers, such as serum carcino-embryonic antigen, neuro-specific enolase, cytokeratin-19, and carbohydrate antigen-199, presented a remarkably lower level relative to those in the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed with regard to the incidence of complications (p > 0.05). Additionally, patients in the test group were more likely to have better PFS and OS. Notably, we monitored that in the test group, superior clinical efficacy was achieved in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and lung adenocarcinoma relative to that in patients with small cell lung cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The combined use of systemic chemotherapy and CT-guided RFA can produce good clinical efficacy in treatment of lung cancer. It is relatively safe and deserves promotion and application in clinic.