The transplantation of neural tissue has been possible since the early years of the present century. However, whereas a high level of success has been obtained placing grafts into the anterior chamber of the eye, early attempts to transplant neural tissue to the brain of both adult and young mammals were hampered by low survival rates, which can be attributed to a failure to provide a milieu for the transplanted tissue in the brain as suitable as the anterior eye chamber. Only over the past decade have the conditions for successful transplantation of neural tissue to mammalian brain been achieved with a relatively high level of success. Although the use of both the anterior eye chamber and the neonatal brain as transplantation sites continues to provide powerful models for the study of factors controlling neuronal maturation and growth. This chapter concentrates on studies of CNS tissue transplantation to the brains of adult rats, in particular within the context of the restitution of structural and functional impairments induced by brain lesions.