As for the shortcomings of poor rigidity and strength of weak of thin-walled tube parts, a device of an adaptive PID controller which based on neural network has been proposed by regarding the thin-walled tube fixture system as the research object. The controller which integrates the characteristics of neural network and PID regulator can realize the self-tuning of PID parameters effectively and make the control system equip with the feature of fast response, small overshoot and strong robustness etc. Simulation results show that the controller can meet the system requirements commendably and it can implement the automatic chucking control of the thin-walled steel cutting process with fast and non-destructive in the experimental prototype.