PID neural network controller was designed, and the adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was adopted to optimize its initial weights. The adaptive mutation PSO-PIDNN learning algorithm of motor synchronization control was put forward. According to the need of engineering, the algorithm was simplified. In proportion of multiple motor synchronization control system simulation showed that the simplified PSO-PIDNN controller also can effectively realize the motor synchronization control, solve the problem about the parameter setting is not easy for traditional PID control, and has good stability, fast convergence speed, and no overshoot.