Network Perspective Research Articles

Advances in Pulsar Candidate Selection: A Neural Network Perspective

Pulsars have played an important role in comprehending the universe. They play a key role in understanding various phenomena like general relativity, gravitational waves, properties of matter, collision of black holes and the evolution of stars and nebulae. Thus, identifying them is a crucial task. The increasing number of surveys has created a large volume of candidate samples, in the range of several million. Hence, it is impossible to select pulsars from these samples using human-driven methods. Automatic Pulsar Candidate Identification (APCI) was introduced for this purpose. In recent years, various deep-learning techniques and models have been implemented for this purpose. Specific deep neural network models and hybrid models were designed to select pulsar candidates from various surveys consisting of radio and X-ray samples. In this study, a series of models implementing ANN, CNN and GNN are discussed capable of selecting pulsar candidates. These models were trained using a wide range of surveys.

Research on the game of fishermen's cooperative behavior in developing marine carbon sink fisheries from a complex network perspective

The development of marine carbon sink fisheries is both an important support to achieve the goal of net zero emissions as well as a hot topic concerning the livelihood of fishermen. Although it has been shown that there is great potential for carbon sinks in terms of environmental benefits, the lack of economic benefits in the short term is a hindrance that prevents marine carbon sink fisheries from being accepted by practitioners, especially fishermen groups. There is need to stimulate fishermen's enthusiasm for cooperative development of marine carbon sink fisheries and to promote marine carbon sink fisheries in order to achieve high efficiency and effectiveness. This paper adopts a complex network evolutionary game, based on the assumptions of WS small-world model on social network relationships, focuses on fishermen groups, and explores the dynamic evolutionary law of cooperative behavior diffusion in development of marine carbon sink fisheries. The results of the study show that (1) the government can accelerate the diffusion of cooperative behavior in the pre-development stage of marine carbon sink fisheries through subsidies, supplemented by certain punishments to curb the betrayal behavior, with the strength of the rewards and punishments dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the risks of implementation of marine carbon sink fisheries. (2) In the long term, higher value of marine carbon sink fisheries and their derived products is the essential demand of fishermen, which can effectively improve the depth of diffusion of fishermen's cooperation in developing marine carbon sink fisheries. (3) To avoid the spread of betrayal in the later stages of marine carbon sink fisheries development, the government can gradually reduce production subsidies and convert them into environmental subsidies in the sale process.

A Study on the Business Model Optimization Strategy of Knowledge Payment Platform: The Example of Zhihu

The rapid development of the Internet has contributed to the continued advancement of the knowledge payment industry. Currently, knowledge payment platforms, as the core force of the knowledge payment market, guide the continuous changes in the direction of content production, enterprise operation and consumer demand in the knowledge payment industry. However, research on knowledge payment platforms in academia is still in its infancy, and in particular, there is a paucity of research that systematically examines the characteristics of successful knowledge payment platforms and strategies to address the problems of business models from the perspective of business models as a whole. Therefore, a systematic and thorough understanding of the essence and richness of the business models of knowledge payment platforms is crucial to an in-depth understanding and grasp of the development rules of the knowledge payment industry.This article focuses on the business models of Internet knowledge payment platforms and their optimisation strategies. Take Zhihu as an example using a case study approach and the perspective of value networks, this paper constructs a business model based on value networks and conducts specific research and analysis on the eight elements of the business model to explore the essence of the business model of knowledge payment platforms and its optimisation strategies under the collaborative competition model, which is equally important in the Internet era. Evidence from this case study finds that value network is the main form of operation of the business model of platform-based enterprises, and the platform achieves the business closure of value acquisition and value maintenance through the engine driven by value proposition and value co-creation.The study reveals that competition and cooperation are equally important business concepts and the whole process of cross-enterprise value co-creation in the Internet era, which complements the research perspective of business model optimization strategy research focusing on competition and provides certain reference significance for the business model optimization of platform-based enterprises.The contribution of this paper is to provide a new perspective for the study of business model optimization strategies. This article is sorting out business model optimization strategies. On the basis of relevant literature, the original theoretical research perspective of enterprise management focusing on competition rather than cooperation is supplemented，From the perspective of “value network”, combined with the theoretical basis of Yuanlei’s business model, a business model based on value network is proposed Model. On this basis, take the knowledge payment industry as the exploration field, and take the typical knowledge payment platform Zhihu platform. In order to study the case, by revealing the key factors for the success of the business model of Zhihu platform, verify the new business model theory Explanations of enterprise practice. Through research, it is found that the theoretical model of the new business model better explains the Internet knowledge. The essence of the business model of the payment platform is a complete value co-creation closed-loop structure, which also reveals the Internet knowledge.

Interactions between climate warming, herbicides, and eutrophication in the aquatic food web

Understanding the interactive effects of multiple environmental stressors on biological communities is crucial for effective environmental management and biodiversity conservation. Here, we present the results of an outdoor mesocosm experiment examining how an aquatic food web responds to the individual and combined effects of climate warming, heat waves, nutrient enrichment, and herbicide exposure. To assess ecosystem functioning, we examined energy flow, using stable isotope analysis integrated with the bioenergetics food web approach to quantify energy fluxes among trophic levels. Our results revealed that the combined effects of these stressors altered the pattern of energy fluxes within the food web. Under warming conditions, there was an increase in energy flux from producers and primary consumers to secondary consumers. However, we did not observe a significant increase in energy flux in primary consumers, potentially due to enhanced top-down control. Nutrient enrichment increased energy flux from producers to higher trophic levels while simultaneously decreasing detrital energy flux. Herbicide exposure did not significantly affect herbivory energy flux but did reduce detritivory energy flux, particularly from detritus to primary consumers. The interactive effects we observed were primarily antagonistic or additive, although we also detected reversed and synergistic effects. The responses to multiple stressors varied across different energy flow pathways, leading to an asymmetric response. Furthermore, our results also revealed significant differences in the effects of constant warming and heat waves, either alone or in combination with water pollution. The asymmetric response of energy flow pathways and the prevalence of antagonistic effects present significant challenges for ecosystem restoration. Together, our findings provide novel and clear evidence of the complex mechanisms by which the coexistence of stressors can differently affect the pathways of energy flux across trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. Regulatory strategies for ecosystems should comprehensively consider responses at multi-trophic levels using a network perspective, especially in the face of combinations of global and local stressors.

Trust in Difficult People: A Social Network Perspective

AbstractWe all know people we find difficult to deal with. Some we trust despite major past transgressions, others we do not. What explains the difference? Rather than looking for explanations inside the trustor–trustee dyad, we focus on the embedding social structure. Our argument focuses on two features: network closure around the trustor and the embeddedness of the difficult contact. We test and confirm our argument using data from 384 Chinese managers. Our results show that managers who cite colleagues as difficult following a major transgression report higher trust the more the difficult contact is embedded within the manager's network. The effect is smaller (larger) if the manager is surrounded by a rather closed (open) social network. At a practical level, our study helps distinguish between social situations that facilitate trust and those that impede trust once interpersonal conflicts have tainted a relationship.

Drifting towards collaborative innovation: Patent collaboration network of China’s nuclear power industry from multidimensional proximity perspective

In recent years, in order to solve the problem of resource shortage and environmental degradation, nuclear power has become the strategic choice of many countries due to its unique advantages. China's nuclear power started in the 1970s. After decades of development and continuous independent innovation, China has grown into one of the superpowers in nuclear field. But how does China's nuclear power develop and innovate? This study aims to provide valuable insights into cooperative innovation in China's nuclear energy industry from the perspective of network. By analyzing the patent data of China's nuclear energy industry from 1986 to 2019, we constructed a patent collaboration network in China's nuclear power field. Then, we analyze the structure of the network by using social network analysis (SNA) method, and explore the characteristics of the network we build from the perspective of multidimensional proximity. The result reveals that the patent collaboration network in China's nuclear energy industry is drifting toward collaborative innovation. Through the network, the innovation subjects in nuclear power field can better achieve resource sharing and promote the overall innovation level of the network. At the same time, we find that organizational proximity and technological similarity contribute to the cooperation between organizations in China's nuclear power field, while geographical proximity has little influence on the collaboration. This study has important implications for understanding collaborative innovation in China's nuclear energy industry and gives in-depth insights into network collaboration patterns, providing valuable references and guidance for the development of relevant policies and strategies.

A coarse‐grained molecular dynamics study on the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced vulcanized natural rubber composites

AbstractIn the present study, coarse‐grained (CG) molecular models of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) strengthened vulcanized natural rubber (VNR) composites are constructed to systematically investigate the effects of length, inter‐tube cross‐linking, and polymer‐grafting of CNTs on the stress–strain behavior of VNR composites under uniaxial tension. The interfacial CG force field between CNTs and VNR is derived via the energy matching approach. The results demonstrate that increasing the length of CNTs is able to effectively enhance the mechanical performance of VNR composites, and the reinforcing efficiency increases gradually and tends to stabilize with increasing CNT length. Moreover, the cross‐linking and polymer‐grafting of CNTs are also effective approaches to significantly enhance the mechanical performance of VNR composites. The enhancement mechanism of CNTs is interpreted from the perspective of CNT networks, VNR networks, CNT‐VNR interface networks, and the interfacial load‐transfer behavior. Specifically, the dispersion of CNTs, the orientation of CNTs and VNR molecular chains, and the wrapping and interlocking behaviors between CNTs and the VNR matrix reveal a detailed structure‐mechanics relationship of CNTs‐reinforced VNR composites at the molecular level. These findings present theoretical instruction for the structural design of high‐performance rubber composites.Highlights A coarse‐grained model of carbon nanotube‐natural rubber composites is built. The composite network structures are quantitatively characterized. The length, cross‐linking, and grafting effects of carbon nanotubes are studied. The reinforcement mechanisms of carbon nanotubes are revealed.

Mapping Risk Strategy of Social Stability Risk Considering Causal Relationships for Energy Infrastructure Projects

Social stability risk posed by energy infrastructure projects can seriously affect urban sustainable development. There is thus a need to better understand how risk strategies are designed. However, there is few considerations on risk strategy design by breaking causal relationships. This research innovatively explores social stability risk variables by content mining, develops causal relationships of the social stability risk variables via Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method, explores core risk variables and critical causal relationships by social network analysis (SNA) method, designs and validates risk strategies. The findings show that: 1) From the overall risk network perspective, the risk network contain 8 core risk variables. 2) From individual risk network perspective, there are 75 critical causal relationships. The top 3 critical causal relationships contain: projects that destroy the cultural landscape would be regarded as threating national security, which often inspires demonstrations among the local people and the line betweenness is the largest (35.589). Traffic congestion by the project is the main reason to cause local small-scale public petition, and the line betweenness is 35.075. Projects that threaten the ecological environment often bring psychological rejection of the project by the local public, and the line betweenness is 30.837. 3) Two scenarios are evaluated in terms of basic scenario and the experiment group scenario. Compared with the basic scenario, risk strategies considering causal relationships have significant effectiveness. The overall risk network density has reduced by 35.22%. The clustering coefficients has decreased by 16.20%. Intermediate central potential has reduced by 9.49%. This study offers a good reference for project managers to complete the sustainable risk control.

Exploring the Relationship between Touristification and Commercial Gentrification from the Perspective of Tourist Flow Networks: A Case Study of Yuzhong District, Chongqing

Existing research has noted a clear interaction between touristification and commercial gentrification; however, the differences between these two coexisting but distinct phenomena require further research. This study uses online big data and quantitative methods to explore the relationship between touristification and commercial gentrification. Taking Yuzhong District in Chongqing as an example, this study constructs an inter-attraction network based on 1306 itineraries extracted from online travel diaries, develops a method to evaluate community tourism centrality based on network analysis, and examines the correlation between community tourism centrality, touristification, and commercial gentrification. The results suggest that attractions with historical value, unique local landscapes, and mixed functions show greater tourism centrality in the tourist flow network. Attractions with similar themes are more likely to be included in one travel route, and the influence of distance is insignificant at the district level. Communities with higher tourism centrality are clustered in old city areas with a rich historic heritage and have experienced profound commercialisation. Although similar, touristification is primarily a bottom-up process, while commercial gentrification tends to be more involved with the top-down urban planning process. This study contributes to the methodological development of network analysis in tourism research and advances the understanding of the different mechanisms of touristification and commercial gentrification.

Patterns and correlates of insight among patients with schizophrenia in China：A network perspective

ObjectiveTo explore the patterns and correlates of insight among patients with schizophrenia in a large Chinese population. MethodA multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong province, China. Patients with schizophrenia were included. Basic socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected in this study. Univariate analyses, multivariate logistic regression, and network analysis were conducted. ResultsA total of 6090 participants (58.8% were male, and 41.2% were female) met the study criteria and completed all the assessments. 63.5% (n = 3869) patients with schizophrenia had impaired insight. Fewer drug sides effect, higher psychological and environment domains scores in quality of life have a positive significant impact on insight in patients with schizophrenia. Younger age, higher BPRS scores have a negative significant impact on insight in patients with schizophrenia. The node ITAQ 8 (strength=1.17) was the most central node within the ITAQ network, while node ITAQ 3 was the least central node (strength=0.69). The edge ITAQ 1-ITAQ 2 was the thickest and most saturated edge in network model. ConclusionsConsidering patterns and correlation of insight, it is necessary to ensure adherence to medications and engagement with mental health services for patients with schizophrenia, which could also improve their quality of life. Taking medication actively is more central to identify ITAQ and might be the potential targets for future interventions.

NGO scientific collaboration networks for marine conservation in the southern cone: A case study

In recent decades, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have become more involved in conservation science, playing a key role in scientific research. Despite its importance, the dynamics of scientific networks among these organizations have not been widely studied. This paper examined scientific collaboration network of NGOs in South America, based on a systematic bibliographic publications survey with member organizations of the Forum for the Conservation of the Patagonian Sea and areas of influence (FCPS). We describe the countries, research funds, types of institutions, topics covered, and where these studies were conducted. Using a network perspective, we analyzed the structure of scientific collaborations, identifying relevant measures of the social capital network. The results show that this network is growing and expanding over time, with greater participation of institutions and research funds from the north-hemisphere countries, and composed mainly of universities, research institutes, NGOs, and government agencies. Most studies address animal function and behavior, impacts of human activities, and management along with marine area conservation, located mostly in Argentina. Northern hemisphere organizations and forum´s international NGOs, are the central actors in the scientific networks, working closely with domestic research institutes, forum NGOs, and universities from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. We found that participation in research funds, time frame in the network, and physical presence of forum organizations are the strongest predictors of social capital. Our results also offer new insights into the role of ENGOs in supporting, scientific knowledge for marine conservation policy options, especially in the countries of the Southern Hemisphere.

Central features in health-related quality of life in older adults: network analysis using nationwide survey data.

Population ageing is a global phenomenon that necessitates consideration of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults. Previous studies have investigated related factors including mobility, social support and living situations. This study aimed to provide a network perspective on factors related to HRQoL. Cross-sectional nationwide data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2018 to 2020 for network analyses. Data for participants aged 65 years or above were analysed, resulting in a total of 4317 eligible cases. The variables included were EQ-5D (a measure of HRQoL), household income, education, living situation, subjective perceived health, Charlson Comorbidity Index (a measure of medical comorbidities), stress, exercise per week, alcohol consumption and smoking. Three networks were produced: (a) EQ-5D dimensions network, (2) EQ-5D dimensions, lifestyle and psychosocial factors network, and (3) overall EQ-5D index, lifestyle and psychosocial factors network. Node centralities, bridge centralities and edges of the networks were examined. The most central EQ-5D dimension was the ability to carry out usual activities. In the second network, subjective health, stress and anxiety/depression were revealed as nodes with high bridge centralities. Subjective health, exercise, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were nodes closely linked to the overall EQ-5D index. The results emphasise the importance of enhancing functional independence and subjective health cognition, increasing routine exercise and reducing stress as targets for interventions to improve HRQoL in older adults.

Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Youth and Associated Gender Differences: A Directed Network Perspective.

Psychopathology in youth is highly prevalent and associated with psychopathology in adulthood. However, the developmental trajectories of psychopathology symptoms, including potential gender differences, are markedly underspecified. The present study employed a directed network approach to investigate longitudinal relationships and gender differences among eight transdiagnostic symptom domains across three years, in a homogenous age sample of youth participants (n = 6,414; mean baseline age = 10.0years; 78.6% White; Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study). Anxious/depressed problems and aggressive behaviors were central symptoms and most predictive of increases in other symptom clusters at later timepoints. Rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and withdrawn/depressed problems emerged as bridge symptoms between externalizing and internalizing problems. Results supported cascade models in which externalizing problems predicted future internalizing problems, but internalizing problems also significantly predicted future externalizing problems, which is contrary to cascade models. Network structure, symptom centrality, and patterns of bridge symptoms differed between female and male participants, suggesting gender differences in the developmental trajectories of youth psychopathology. Results provide new insights into symptom trajectories and associated gender differences that may provide promising pathways for understanding disorder (dis)continuity and co-occurrence. The central and bridge symptoms identified here may have important implications for screening and early intervention for youth psychopathology.

Thirty Years of Service Failure and Recovery Research: Thematic Development and Future Research Opportunities From a Social Network Perspective

Service failure and recovery (SFR) is a well-established area of research that has made considerable progress over the past 30 years. In this study, we used a combination of text mining, co-word analysis, and social network analysis (SNA) to explore the relationships among keywords in SFR research. We analyzed a dataset of 533 SFR articles published between 1990 and 2020, extracting the most frequently used keywords using text-mining techniques. These keywords were then subjected to co-word analysis and SNA to understand the development of themes and topics in SFR research. By examining changes in network centrality measures, we gained insights into the evolution of research in this field. Furthermore, by identifying gaps or disconnections in the keyword networks, we identified future research opportunities related to the impact of service recovery strategies on customer reactions, employee reactions, and firm outcomes, as well as the relationship between customer and employee responses.

Thermal regimes of groundwater‐ and lake‐fed headwater streams differ in their response to climate variability

AbstractStream thermal regimes are being altered by climate change with consequences for aquatic organisms. Most documented long‐term changes in stream temperature are from large rivers. We know less about water temperature trends for small headwater streams, especially those found in northern landscapes that contain small lakes. We analyzed 36 yr of stream temperature observations from a long‐term watershed study in Ontario, Canada, to understand how headwater streams are responding to climate variability. We found that groundwater‐fed (GWF) and lake‐fed (LF) streams exhibit contrasting responses, as GWF streams warmed in the spring (0.19–0.60°C per decade) and LF streams warmed in the fall (0.39–0.72°C per decade). Both stream types exhibited weak temperature trends in summer and winter. These results highlight that a stream network perspective that includes headwater streams and small lakes, and accounts for seasonal changes in thermal regimes, is important for understanding aquatic ecosystem response to climate variability.

Assessment of the cultural-natural importance of the scenic spots from a network perspective

A scenic spot within a natural landscape is not only a spatial carrier of biodiversity but also an indispensable spatial element of culture. In the lower reaches of large river basins, natural conservation and cultural development are both important. Taking the scenic spots in the lower reach of the Yellow River as study objects, we used minimum cumulative resistance, circuit theory, and igraph package to build a cultural network, natural network and cultural-natural network to assess the importance of scenic spots based on connectivity. The scenic spots were grouped into four categories (based on the relative importance of habitat connectivity and tourism connectivity) and three optimization scenarios (including the cultural, natural, and cultural-natural approaches) were set to indicate the impact of population, resistance and publicity on the importance of scenic spots. We found that important nodes in each of the networks were clustered in different parts of the region. Only 2 of the 18 nodes belonged to the category in which habitat connectivity is not important and tourism connectivity is important, and 7 nodes belonged to the category in which habitat connectivity is not important and tourism connectivity is not important, which is the largest category. The cultural-natural optimization method and the natural optimization method are respectively the best in terms of the degree of the importance of the value of the optimization objects and the number of the importance of optimization objects. The network-based assessment method we provide can support landscape planning from a cultural-natural perspective and provide a potential ranking for landscape connectivity optimization that considers both ecological connectivity and social connectivity.

Employees’ proactiveness on enterprise social media and social consequences: An integrated perspective of social network and social exchange theories

This study delves into how employee proactiveness on enterprise social media can influence social outcomes at work, both positively and negatively. Drawing on social network and social exchange theories, we develop a model to understand how virtual proactiveness is perceived by leaders and coworkers. Using a round-robin design, we collected data from 281 respondents in 56 teams across three waves. The results show that affiliative and challenging proactiveness positively relate to leader-member and team-member exchanges. However, challenging proactiveness negatively affects team-member exchange, potentially leading to coworker envy. These findings shed light on the intricate social dynamics in remote working environments.

A network perspective on real-life threat, anxiety, and avoidance.

Anxiety, approach, and avoidance motivation crucially influence mental and physical health, especially when environments are stressful. The interplay between anxiety and behavioral motivation is modulated by multiple individual factors. This proof-of-concept study applies graph-theoretical network analysis to explore complex associations between self-reported trait anxiety, approach and avoidance motivation, situational anxiety, stress symptoms, perceived threat, perceived positive consequences of approach, and self-reported avoidance behavior in real-life threat situations. A total of 436 participants who were matched on age and gender (218 psychotherapy patients, 218 online-recruited nonpatients) completed an online survey assessing these factors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting cross-sectional psychological network revealed a complex pattern with multiple positive (e.g., between trait anxiety, avoidance motivation, and avoidance behavior) and negative associations (e.g., between approach and avoidance motivation). The patient and online subsample networks did not differ significantly, however, descriptive differences may inform future research.

Cross-market risk spillovers among sovereign CDS, stock, foreign exchange and commodity markets: An interacting network perspective

With the globalisation of the economy and financial markets, cross-market risk spillovers have become increasingly prominent, affecting global financial stability. Using the Diebold-Yilmaz Connectedness Index (DYCI) method, we construct interacting networks to explore these risk spillovers across four multi-country markets: sovereign credit default swap (SCDS), stock, foreign exchange, and commodity markets. We find: First, at the system-level, multiple inter-layer connections between the SCDS and other markets demonstrate the high level of cross-market risk spillovers. They are sensitive to major economic and financial events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict. SCDS has the closest spillovers with stocks. The block model analysis shows that all relationships between various blocks contain inter-layer connections, and the SCDSs of emerging countries and stocks of developed countries are the sources of risk spillover in the entire system. Second, at the country-level, SCDS' cross-market spillover strength changes by country and time. Five cross-node centrality analysis shows that the SCDSs of emerging countries are the risk spillover engines between the SCDS and other markets. The spillovers of a country's SCDS to gold (oil) are more sensitive to the Fed rate hike in 2016 (the European debt crisis and Russia-Ukraine conflict). Third, to understand the driving factors, we perform time series and panel regressions for cross-market risk spillovers and cross-node centrality, respectively. The influences of economic fundamentals and market sentiment are asymmetric in high- and low-risk spillovers. The greater the total economic linkages, such as trade and capital flows, the greater are the countries' cross-market risk spillovers.

Impacts of workplace spirituality on innovative work behaviour: moderated-mediating effect of organizational silence and intra-organizational networks

ABSTRACT Innovative work behaviours require not only an individual’s intrinsic motivation but also a supportive organisational culture. However, in most Korean organisations, employees can often be seen as silent due to hierarchical or top-down organisational culture. Since workplace spirituality has been identified to be positively related to intrinsic motivation, this study examined the impact of workplace spirituality on organisational silence and innovative work behaviour. Besides, based on a social network perspective, we explored the effect of organisational social networks on the relationship between workplace spirituality, organisational silence, and innovative work behaviour. A survey was conducted with 242 employees in four companies. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the six hypotheses of this study. The results showed that workplace spirituality has a positive effect on innovative work behaviour. The indirect effect of workplace spirituality on innovative work behaviour via organisational silence was significant. Advice networks did not have significant moderated-mediating effects, while friendship networks were significant. This study contributed to supporting the role of workplace spirituality as a motivational factor that reduces organisational silence and increases innovative work behaviour. HRD practitioners should support employees to develop their workplace spirituality and be aware of organisational silence for innovative work.