Network Facilities Research Articles

Predicting fertility, neonatal and perinatal mortality, and stillbirths for evaluation of the needs for perinatal care in the future post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Aim: To predict trends in fertility, neonatal and perinatal mortality, and stillbirth rates to ascertain future perinatal care requirements during the post-war reconstruction in Ukraine. Materials and Methods: The study uses the data from the Centre for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, covering the years 2012 to 2022. The data analysis was by a univariate linear regression model. The quality of these models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination, R2. Results: In 2022, the birth rate in Ukraine had declined to 2.5 times lower than that of 2011. The period was characterized by a notable increase in the incidence of premature births and in neonates with birth weights under 1000 grams and between 1000 to 2499 grams. While the neonatal mortality rate decreased by 3.7 times, there remains a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the mortality rates of premature infants and neonates weighing less than 1000 grams. The stillbirth rate in Ukraine remains constant; however, it exceeds that of the European Union. Predictions indicate a rise in antenatal mortality and a reduction in both intranatal and perinatal mortality. As of 2022, the perinatal mortality rate in Ukraine made up 7.72 per 1000 live births, which is significantly higher than the rate in the European Union. Conclusions: The optimization of the network of healthcare facilities and resources should be prioritized, in response to the reliable decline in the birth rate. This necessitates improvements in the medical care for premature and low birth weight infants, and efforts for preventing stillbirths.

Tackling the radiotherapy (RT) shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa by gathering and using data from LMICs and HICs facilities for designing a future robust RT facility

Purpose Historically, highly sophisticated medical linear accelerators (linacs) produced for high- (HIC) and upper-middle-income country (MIC) markets frequently experience significant additional operational failures in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study focuses on LMICs in Africa where there is a substantial equipment shortfall, projected to be a gap by 2040 of about 5000 linacs. The purpose of this study was to gain an insight into the poor performance of linac components, the unreliable infrastructure often encountered in LMICs and the consequent linac-related treatment downtime. Methods and Materials A questionnaire was sent to at least one cancer center in each of the 28 African countries that had experience treating cancer patients with linacs at the time of the survey (4 more countries have acquired linacs) since we completed this survey. For comparison questionnaires were sent to selected facilities in four high-income countries (Canada, Switzerland, UK, US) and to Jordan, a middle-income country. To investigate factors influencing linac downtime, we first utilised flow diagrams to illustrate the dependence of linac subsystem performance on infrastructural/environmental factors, the availability of spare parts and local repair capability. Secondly, a univariate analysis correlated linac downtime with factors such as method of linac fault diagnosis and staffing. Finally, a multivariate analysis investigated the relationship between GDP per capita and cancer mortality to incidence ratio statistics and compared these with the surveyed linac downtime across low-, middle- and high- income countries. Results Responses to the survey confirmed significant multi-factorial issues that influence the extent of linac downtime especially the performance of multi-leaf collimators, electron guns, vacuum systems, RF power and software. Other challenges include electrical power instability, inadequate national funding (GDP/capita), and workforce capability as well as a significant shortfall in formal education and training programmes for the radiation therapy (RT) workforce. Conclusion This survey identified numerous modes of radiotherapy (RT) equipment failure causing treatment downtime in LMICs that can be overcome by improvements in the design of RT technology but they need to be accompanied by increased RT staff training, improved broadband access and increased annual national funding for RT. The collaborative network of linac-based RT facilities in 28 1 * African countries that was developed to conduct this study is available for further investigations as RT capacity and capability improve in Africa.

Optimizing Healthcare Delivery: Navigating the Challenges and Benefits of the Satellite Medical Model in Modern Hospital Management

In the rapidly evolving landscape of healthcare management, the Satellite Medical Model has emerged as a strategic solution to enhance service delivery by decentralizing care through a network of satellite facilities connected to a central hub hospital. This model not only improves accessibility and optimizes resource utilization but also addresses workforce shortages, particularly in underserved regions. Rooted in the hub-and-spoke design from the transportation sector, the Satellite Medical Model facilitates efficient healthcare services, allowing primary care units to manage routine cases while more complex conditions are referred to specialized facilities. Despite its advantages, the implementation of this model faces significant challenges, including technical issues related to data security and interoperability, financial constraints, and operational complexities. This paper explores the potential of the Satellite Medical Model in modern hospital management, examining both its benefits and challenges. By identifying strategic approaches to mitigate these barriers, this study aims to provide healthcare leaders with actionable insights to effectively adopt this model, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and greater operational efficiency in healthcare delivery.

Corporative strategies of spatial warehousing development of retailers in Moscow agglomeration

The rapid growth of the transport and logistics complex of urban agglomerations forces large companies to change spatial strategies for warehouse networks development based on current trends. Thus, there is a transformation of factors for the placement of warehouse facilities. This article examines the general and specific features of the spatial development of warehouse networks of the largest retailers and online-operators in the post-soviet period using the example of the Moscow agglomeration. The novelty of the work consists both in the comparative analysis and typologization of strategies for warehouse networks development, and in the study of shifts in their territorial development. The information base of the study was the author's database of corporations’ warehouse facilities, collected on the basis of open sources. Two multidirectional trends have been identified. The first is the shift of new construction to the periphery of the Moscow agglomeration, to the zone of influence of the Central Ring Road (CRR), and an increase in the average area of warehouse facilities. The second is the development of a network of small warehouse facilities (sorting centers, darkstores) in the core of the agglomeration, near or inside the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD). Territorial shifts have been identified in the placement of new warehouse facilities for both online-operators and retailers. Online retailers have moved from a strategy of placing warehouses near airports to placing a large warehouse in every sector of the Moscow agglomeration. For retailers, the determining factor of location remains proximity to motorways (formerly main highways, now the intersections of the main highway and the Central Ring Road/A–107 or A–108) with the possibility of expanding the service area to all regions of the Central Federal District. Based on the results obtained, a typology of strategies for the spatial development of warehouse networks of the largest retailers in the region is proposed. The analysis provides an idea of current trends in spatial strategies for the development of corporate warehouse networks in the Moscow agglomeration, which can be used in forecasting and territorial planning for other large-scale urban agglomerations, based on the concept of diffusion of innovations.

Building non-motorized accessible communities for heterogeneous demand: A facility location and network design problem.

Improving non-motorized accessibility is essential to enable access to vital services such as education and healthcare. Road networks are often inadequately designed for non-motorized accessibility, and service facilities are not always strategically located to reach the majority of users. Furthermore, design decisions are rarely made with consideration for the diverse needs and walking abilities of a heterogeneous population. Enhancing infrastructure by locating new service facilities and creating accessible paths involves significant investments, requiring a systematic approach to utilize limited resources efficiently. We propose an optimization model to identify optimal locations for new facilities and accessible road segments to maximize non-motorized accessibility to a range of services, taking into account users with different walking abilities. A randomized greedy algorithm is developed to tackle the complex network design and facility location problem. A case study in the Huai Kwang district of Bangkok is discussed to illustrate how this methodology can support strategic decisions to enhance non-motorized accessibility.

Securing Pervasive Computing Networks: Enhancing Network Security via Network Virtualization in Wireless Communications Infrastructure

The seamless integration of technology for computing into everyday items and environments is known as pervasive computing. To protect against cyber threats and vulnerabilities, robust security mechanisms are necessary. Conventional security measures, including gateways and the use of encryption, may not be sufficient to address the unique challenges encountered in ubiquitous computing systems. But these techniques are still vital. In addition to the variety of devices, resource limitations, mobility needs, and the possibility of large-scale distributed attacks, these obstacles also include the potential for attack. Network virtualization, that abstracts and separates network facilities and functions, is a promising way to increasing security in pervasive computing deployments: it abstracts and isolates network resources and processes. Wireless communication play a significant part in the development of a digital infrastructure that is both resilient and trustworthy. The processes of dynamic resource allocation, isolation, and management of network bandwidth are made possible through the utilization of virtualization, leads to the proposal of Secure Wireless Virtual Resource Allocation and Authentication Algorithm(SWVRA3) to make the abstraction of the network's physical resources into virtualized entities By using network virtualization, pervasive computing applications and services can be secured with logically segregated virtual networks. The cross-contamination and security breaches can be reduced by this separation. Furthermore, flexible configuration, dynamic allocation of resources, and centralized virtual control are allowed by network visualization that improves threat incidence response, enforcement of policies, and security surveillance.

Modular Synthesis and Facile Network Formation of Catechol Functionalized Triblock Copolymers

We report the synthesis of catechol-functionalized symmetric triblock polymers comprising densely functionalized catechol endblocks using anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) and thiol-ene click chemistry. The simplicity and modularity of our approach...

Using Artificial Intelligence in the Security of Cyber Physical Systems

The prominence of cyber security continues to increase on a daily basis. Following the cyber attacks in recent years, governments have implemented a range of regulations. The advancement of technology and digitalization has led to the creation of new vulnerabilities that cyber attackers can exploit. The digitalization of facilities such as energy distribution networks and water infrastructures has enhanced their efficiency, thereby benefiting states and society. The modern sensors, controllers, and networks of these new generation facilities have made them susceptible to cyber attackers. While all forms of cyber attacks are detrimental, targeting critical cyber-physical systems presents a heightened level of peril. These assaults have the potential to disrupt the social structure and pose a threat to human lives. Various techniques are employed to guarantee the security of these facilities, which is of utmost importance. This study examined the applications of machine learning and deep learning methods, which are sub-branches of artificial intelligence that have recently undergone a period of significant advancement. Intrusion detection systems are being created for the networks that facilitate communication among the hardware components of the cyber-physical system. Another potential application area involves the development of models capable of detecting anomalies and attacks in the data generated by sensors and controllers. Cyber physical systems exhibit a wide range of diversity. Due to the wide range of variations, it is necessary to utilize specific datasets for training the model. Generating a dataset through attacks on a functional cyber-physical system is unattainable. The study also analyzed the solutions to this problem. Based on the analyzed studies, it has been observed that the utilization of artificial intelligence enhances the security of cyber physical systems.

Unveiling the dynamics of antimicrobial utilization and resistance in a large hospital network over five years: Insights from health record data analysis.

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) presents a pressing public health challenge globally which has been compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Elucidation of the impact of the pandemic on AMR evolution using population-level data that integrates clinical, laboratory and prescription data remains lacking. Data was extracted from the centralized electronic platform which captures the health records of 60,551 patients with a confirmed infection across the network of public healthcare facilities in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. For all inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with bacterial infection between 01/01/2017 and 31/05/2022, structured and unstructured Electronic Health Record data, microbiological laboratory data including antibiogram, molecular typing and COVID-19 testing information as well as antibiotic prescribing data were extracted curated and linked. Various analytical methods, including time-series analysis, natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised clustering algorithms, were employed to investigate the trends of antimicrobial usage and resistance over time, assess the impact of prescription practices on resistance rates, and explore the effects of COVID-19 on antimicrobial usage and resistance. Our findings identified a significant impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial prescription practices, with short-term and long-lasting over-prescription of these drugs. Resistance to antimicrobials increased the odds ratio of all mortality to an average of 2.18 (95% CI: 1.87-2.49) for the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Moreover, the effects of antimicrobial prescription practices on resistance were observed within one week of initiation. Significant trends in antimicrobial resistance, exhibiting fluctuations for various drugs and organisms, with an overall increasing trend in resistance levels, particularly post-COVID-19 were identified. This study provides a population-level insight into the evolution of AMR in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The findings emphasize the impact of COVID-19 on the AMR crisis, which remained evident even two years after the onset of the pandemic. This underscores the necessity for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship to address the evolution of AMR.

Study on evaluation model of traffic superiority degree in Yunnan Province

Transportation is the leading force in the development of tourism industry, and the steady growth of tourism economy plays a certain role in supporting and guaranteeing the development of transportation industry, and the two support and progress each other. However, Yunnan Province is facing a situation where the overall development of tourism economy and transportation facilities is good, but the development of transportation and tourism economy differs greatly among different prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures. Therefore, the evolution process, spatial distribution characteristics and the level and type of coupling and coordinated development of transportation and tourism economy in different prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures in Yunnan Province are analyzed. It is of great significance to grasp the inner law of the development of transportation and tourism economy between different regions and promote the coordinated development between regions. This paper evaluates and analyzes the spatio-temporal changes of traffic facility network density, trunk impact degree and location advantage degree in Yunnan Province, and evaluates the spatio-temporal changes of traffic advantage degree in Yunnan province with the comprehensive index weighted by the three.

Assessing The Status Of Hospitals In Hamadan Iran With The Health Promoting Hospital Standards

Background — Changing public expectations for hospitals, as well as the increasing number of patients with chronic illnesses requiring ongoing support, along with high incidence of staff exposure to physical, mental and psychological risks, have led hospital councils to focus on health promotion as a vital component for both patients and the staff. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduces health promotion in healthcare to improve hospital efficacy. Due to the lack of sufficient information on the status of HPH standards in western Iran, the present study was designed to examine the status of HPH in Hamadan, a western province of Iran. Material and Methods — This study examined 20 hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, using the HPH self-assessment questionnaire developed by WHO. The questionnaire consists of five standards, including management policy (Standard 1), patient assessment (Standard 2), patient information and intervention (Standard 3), promoting a healthy workplace (Standard 4), and continuity and collaboration (Standard 5). Results — The overall hospital HPH score was 75.36±11.33 (out of 100). Among the five standards, patient information and intervention received the highest score (86.66±11.27), while promoting a healthy workplace received the lowest score (67.50±17.88). Public hospitals had a statistically significantly higher score on management policy (p=0.011). Similar trend was observed when comparing HPH with non-HPH network facilities (p=0.041). Other comparisons did not yield any significant differences (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion — We established that hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, were only partially compliant with the Promoting Health Hospitals (HPH) program. The study highlighted the need to create a healthier workplace for hospital staff and indicated that this is a top priority for the examined hospitals. This scientific breakthrough provides important insight into how Iranian hospitals can take steps to create a healthier workplace for their employees, which will ultimately lead to better outcomes for patients.

Metaheuristics Method for Computation Offloading In Mobile Edge Computing: Survey

In recent years, edge computing has emerged as a computing paradigm to support the computationally intensive and latency-critical applications for resource limited devices. The main feature of edge computing is to push computation, networking, and storage facilities closer to the network edge. This enables user equipment (UE) to profit from the edge computing paradigm by mainly offloading their intensive computation tasks to edge resources. Because of some rising problems such as inherent software and hardware heterogeneity, restrictions, dynamism, and stochastic behavior of the ecosystem, the computation offloading issues consider as the essential challenging problems in the MEC environment. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, in spite of its significance, in Metaheuristic -based computation offloading mechanisms, there is not any systematic, comprehensive, and detailed survey in the MEC environment. In this paper, we provide a review on the Metaheuristic -based computation offloading mechanisms in the MEC environment in the form of a classical taxonomy to identify the contemporary mechanisms on this crucial topic and to offer open issues as well. The proposed taxonomy is classified into three main fields: genetic algorithm (GA)-based mechanisms, Partical Swarm Optimization(PSO)-based mechanisms, and Hybrid GA with PSO -based mechanisms. Next, these classes are compared with each other based on the essential features such as performance metrics, case studies, utilized techniques, and evaluation tools, and their advantages and weaknesses are discussed, as well. Finally, open issues and uncovered or inadequately covered future research challenges are argued, and the survey is concluded.

Solving hospital waste management problem in a developing country – a case of Varanasi city in India

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to solve the problem of healthcare waste management in developing countries. The buildup of medical waste has attracted the attention of all spheres of society due to the expanding population and developing economy. Timely collection and processing of medical waste are extremely important due to its potential hazards. Although the problem of planning medical waste management has been addressed in developed countries, it persists in several developing countries. This research is motivated by an example of a city in India characterized by a dense population, abundant health-care facilities and a lack of planning for managing large medical waste generated daily.Design/methodology/approachThe authors address the problem of designing the network of collection and processing facilities for medical waste and optimizing the vehicle route that collects and transfers the waste between facilities. Due to distinct topographic restrictions in the considered city, the collection and transfer process needs to be conducted in two echelons – from hospitals to collection centers using smaller vehicles and then to the processing facilities using trucks. This work addresses these two problems as a two-echelon location-routing problem.FindingsA mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize the cost of opening the facilities and transporting medical waste. Several managerial insights are drawn up to assist planners and decision-makers.Originality/valueThis study follows a case study approach to provide a descriptive and prescriptive approach to hospital waste management in the ancient city of Varanasi. The city has witnessed unplanned growth over the years and is densely populated. The health-care facilities in the city have a large catchment area and attract patients from neighboring districts. The situation analysis based on secondary data and unstructured interviews of the stakeholders suggests that the ad hoc approach prevails in present hospital waste management in the city.

Application of international experience in solving problems of technical and logistical support of troops of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the current problems of technical and logistical support of the troops of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways to solve them, including the use of international experience of the leading developed countries of the world. It is strategically important for our country to study the world practice of modernization of the logistics support system on its preparation for actions during operations to resolve crisis situations both independently and as part of the OSCE coalition group. Despite the fact that the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the state on the use of military force are strictly defensive in nature, the military security of the republic directly depends on new forms and methods of using armed forces. The logistics system plays an important role in this regard. The article highlighted problems like national differences in approaches to the preparation and conduct of joint military operations; incompatibility of a number of national military systems; an underdeveloped network of transport infrastructure facilities and the complexity of logistics of supply transportation. As an option for their solution, the development of a logistics support system model based on cooperation with the civil sector of the economy under the Public-Private Partnership program is proposed. At the same time, digitalization and automation of logistics management processes, accounting and distribution of material resources should be highlighted as the main direction of modernization of logistics and technical support.

Seismic Performance Management of Aging Road Facilities in Korea: Part 2 − Decision-making Support Technology and Its Application

This study aims to develop a decision-making support system for managing aged road facilities in a target road network based on seismic performance evaluation. For this purpose, the seismic fragility considering aging effect is analyzed for bridges, tunnels, retaining walls, and slopes to assess the direct damage to individual road facilities, as described in the companion paper. In this paper, based on the seismic fragilities of road facilities, the degradation of the road network's seismic performance and social and economic resilience is evaluated. The decision support system is then developed based on the seismic risk assessment method (SRA) for the seismic management of old road facilities suitable for domestic conditions. The SRA method includes the calculation of direct and indirect damage of road networks, the assessment of socio-economic resilience to disaster in South Korea, and the basis for decision-making. In addition, a geospatial information-based software for repair and reinforcement decisions is developed. The developed decision-making support software is verified by using Pohang city located in the East part of Korea as a test-bed example.

Selective tightening algorithm for the optimization of pipeline network designs in the energy industry

Energy industries face the challenge on how to design networks to gather flows from unconventional assets due to the relative short lifetime of the wells. The optimal design of the network of pipelines and processing facilities is a challenging problem from both combinatorial and nonlinear viewpoints. To date, real instances of this problem cannot be solved to global optimality unless simplifying assumptions are made. We propose a systematic algorithm to address the optimal planning of gathering networks in a multiperiod horizon. It relies on the strategic selection of links on which fluid-dynamic equations are imposed. By relaxing constraints, the resulting mixed-integer programming models are still complex from the combinatorial standpoint, but they can be solved in reasonable computational times. The algorithm progressively adds constraints to the potential arcs, seeking for the global optimal solution by selectively tightening relaxations. Results show that computational times can be reduced by two orders of magnitude.

ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ДЕСТИНАЦИИ: ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the destination in the context of regional development. The factors that determine the attractiveness of a destination for tourists are given. It is noted that the assessment parameters determine target quantitative and qualitative indicators that indicate the satisfaction of tourists’ requests, but at the same time, tourist expectations associated with the accessibility and infrastructure of the destination will be heterogeneous among potential tourists, as well as the perception of price levels, safety and comfort of stay. The authors demonstrate with examples that travel goals and tourist interest in the same destination can differ for representatives with different demographic characteristics. The difference in interests and tourist goals must be taken into account when discussing and forming a regional development strategy, which should take into account the formed image of the territory and the brand, while the image can not only change over time, but also have its own specifics for different target groups. For the Volgograd destination, educational and tourist attraction is designated as in demand among foreign students. By developing a network of necessary institutions, organizations, accommodation facilities, services and entertainment infrastructure, it is possible to increase the interest, first of all, of the youth audience not only in traveling, but also in permanent residence in the Volgograd region.

A VLF/LF facility network for preseismic electromagnetic investigations

Abstract. Earthquakes are one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters. Many indications have been collected on the presence of seismo-ionospheric perturbations preceding such tragic phenomena. Radio techniques are the essential tools leading the detection of seismo-electromagnetic emissions by monitoring at very low-frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) and low-frequency (LF, 30–300 kHz) sub-ionospheric paths between transmitters and receivers (Hayakawa, 2015). In this brief communication, we present the implementation of a VLF/LF network to search for earthquake electromagnetic precursors. The proposed system is comprised of a monopole antenna including a preamplifier, a GPS receiver and a recording device. This system will deliver a steady stream of real-time amplitude and phase measurements as well as a daily recording VLF/LF data set. The first implementation of the system was done in Graz, Austria. The second one will be in Guyancourt (France), with a third one in Réunion (France) and a fourth one in Moratuwa (Sri Lanka). In the near future, we are planning to expand our network for enhanced monitoring and increased coverage.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

The aim of this article is to establish the theoretical and methodological basis for the operation of Ukraine's healthcare system through the definition of its objectives and functions, examination of its primary structural elements and performance indicators between 2010-2019, and identification of the key classification features that categorise the present healthcare system as belonging to a specific model of medical systems. Methodology. The study is based on theoretical research on the concepts of healthcare system functioning. Results. The article defines the "healthcare system" as a hierarchical formation of state, municipal, and private organizations that interact as subjects and objects of management. These organizations implement medical, financial, organizational, socio-economic, and other measures to maintain optimal human performance and social activity by restoring physiological and psychological functions. The main objectives of the healthcare system are highlighted. It is determined that the functions of the healthcare system are subordinated to its main goals and reflect its orderly, regular and organised behaviour in interaction with the external environment. It is emphasised that the functions of the healthcare system are an integrated result of the functioning of its constituent elements. Practical implications. The analysis and characterisation of the key performance indicators of the healthcare system for the period 2010-2019 showed that the existing infrastructure of the sector is still rather cumbersome, characterised by the dominance of specialised and inpatient medical care and irrational use of the potential of outpatient facilities. In terms of key criteria, such as ownership, financing methods, the role of the state in managing the sector, and incentives for healthcare professionals and consumers, the national healthcare system still has signs of the Semashko model, which does not meet modern requirements for the use of expensive medical technologies and is unable to provide high quality healthcare services. Value/originality. It is established that the primary means to reform the national healthcare system is through the formation of hospital trusts, which will guarantee improved medical services and significantly decrease the expense of maintaining medical infrastructure in Ukraine. Additionally, it is acknowledged that the key technology for forging a successful network of medical facilities should be strategical planning at all levels of the country's healthcare system.

Multi-period stochastic programming for relief delivery considering evolving transportation network and temporary facility relocation/closure

In this study, we address a dynamic network design problem pertaining to the distribution of essential supplies during the post-disaster response phase. We present a two-stage, stochastic multi-period model that minimizes both expected unmet demand and costs associated with operating emergency response facilities and distributing relief supplies, taking into account evolving road conditions as well as the closure and relocation of temporary relief facilities. To address the computational intractability inherent in large-scale mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), we implement an accelerated branch-and-Benders-cut algorithm, facilitating efficient problem-solving processes. We validate this approach through extensive numerical analysis and its application to a real-world scenario, demonstrating its superiority over deterministic methods, especially when considering the trade-off between nominal operational costs and out-of-sample reliability. Results show that dynamically adjusting the number of operating facilities and their locations may enhance cost efficiency while decreasing unmet demand during the relief delivery process as the transportation network changes with time. Additionally, we show that utilizing stochastic models for decision-making can substantially hedge against demand uncertainty, both in meeting demand and reducing operational costs. However, the benefits of stochastic solutions diminish as the disruption rate increases.