ATM Networks Research Articles

Utilizing the ATM technology in e-distance learning

<p>There is an Increasing demand for the education in the field of E-learning specially the higher education, and to keep contiuity between the user and the course director in any place and time. This research presents a proposed and simulation multimedia network design for distance learning utilizing ATM technique. The propsed framework determines the principle of ATM technology and shows how multimedia can be integrated within E- learning conteext. The first part of this research presents a theoretical design for the Electricity Department, university of technology. The purpose is to illustrate the usage of the ATM and Multimedia in distance learning process. In addition, this research composes two entities: Software entity by using image, sound and a mix between them to be transfered across the ATM network.. The MATLAB was used to validate the implementation of the required design objectives: (hardware entity) where a prototype is designed (experimental trial) , which aims to carry out the connectivity process between the user and course director, where multiple PCs are connected via unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and a web camera with microphone have been attached to PCs. To finalize this stage, an interface is implemented to show the data transmission process for multimedia by the ATM network and it has been realized through the Visual Basic language. Finally, to validate the level of success by using the ATM technique, some important factors have been determined through the analysis phase, which are: time delay, throughput and efficiency. The propsed design manages to minimize the impat of noise and improve the throuput ratio by 30% while minizing the delay with a ratio of 22%.</p>

Banking Development and Economy in Greece: Evidence from Regional Data

This article examines the development of Greek systemic banks for the period 2003–2018, using data such as the ATM network and branches at a regional level. We test the impact of the ATM network and branches on the deposits of Greek commercial banks as well as the impact of local GDP on the regional banking efficiency. The analysis is carried out in two steps, (1) we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for efficiency analysis, and (2) we use panel regression models for regression analysis. The results show that branches that operate at small regions are less efficient than those of the larger regions. Furthermore, both the ATMs and the number of branches have a positive relationship with deposits. This means that banks must continue to operate branches and ATMs in Greece. Finally, we show that local GDP helps significantly in increasing regional banking efficiency. The above findings are important given the need to support the local economy with modern banking services in Greece.

Advanced Airspace Management Process

In order to increase efficiency and reduce delays, an improved airspace management process must be implemented leading to optimal route planning, better utilization of available airspace and increased performance targets in service delivery - through the establishment functional blocks of airspace (FABs). The Single European Sky (SES) project supports the establishment of the FAB through greater optimization and better performance, strengthening the ATM network through the introduction of the main objectives of the regulatory package, redesigning the European airspace in order to establish new air traffic flows; creating an increase in additional capacity, all with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the ATM system.

Introduction of ITER CODAC relevant technologies on JET and MAST

Abstract The JET control and data acquisition system (CODAS) is an integrated system that provides all the pulse based and continuous data acquisition, real time and slow control and control room interfaces for JET. It has a long history, dating back to the beginning of JET in 1980. It utilises both commercially available hardware along with many in-house modules. The software has grown up and evolved largely independently of other developments in big science. Similarly, the data acquisition system on MAST has a long history of evolution from previous facilities at Culham (COMPASS). It utilises commercially available and in-house hardware (some shared with JET CODAS) and software that has developed largely independently of JET and other external developments. More recently, we have begun to adopt some ITER CODAC relevant technologies on both JET and MAST, in part, to also introduce some standardisation between the two facilities. This started with a pilot project to create a cubicle and environment monitoring system using commercial hardware and EPICS monitoring and HMI. We have since gone on to implement several camera and spectrometer filter controllers, several types of turbomolecular pump controller, and various radiation protection monitors in EPICS on JET. We are also implementing a central information display system for MAST that links the OPC interface on the machine control through to several display screens showing the machine state using EPICS. We have several MARTe based real time applications on JET and are now developing an application to provide real time processing of high-resolution Thomson scattering data using MARTe V2 (an ITER/F4E initiative to improve the robustness of this real-time framework). We are also considering upgrading the existing MARTe applications to this version. On JET we have also started to use another ITER CODAC technology – SDN to supplement the ATM based real time control network on JET. Initially, as a proof of principle, a real time plasma profile display was implemented. This system is now being extended to include several real time data sources which will feed their data back into the ATM network and on to the real time controllers. Looking forward, we anticipate extending the JET real time network with a purely ITER CODAC/SDN connected real time control system and provide a richer ITER CODAC interface to the JET CODAS to accommodate the possibility of ITER diagnostics testing and provide a real stress test for ITER archiving technologies.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEURO- FUZZY AND SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR CONGESTION CONTROL IN ATM NETWORK.

Congestion always occurred when the transmission rate increased the data handling capacity of the network. Congestion normally arises when the network resources are not managed efficiently. Therefore if the source delivers at a speed higher then service rate queue, the queue size will be higher. Also if the queue size is finite, then the packet will observed delay . MATLAB Software was used to carry out simulations to develop Congestion control optimization Scheme for ATM Network with the aims to reducing the congestion of Enugu ATM Network. The results of the research reveal the minimization of congestion application model for Enugu ATM using optimization and Neuro-fuzzy. The result shows that congestion control model with Optimization and Neuro-fuzzy were 0.00003153 and 0.00002098 respectively. The ATM Congestion was reduced by 0.0000105, which is 18.2% decrease after Neuro-fuzzy controller was used. The results show the application of Neuro-fuzzy model which can use to control and minimized the ATM Congestion of Enugu ATM Network. The result shows that when Neuro-fuzzy is applied the congestion and the packet queue length in the buffer will be minimized. Key words: Congestion, MATLAB, Optimization, Neuro-fuzzy, ATM DOI: 10.7176/CTI/10-05 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER BANK BRI SYARIAH PREFERENCES OF CIAMIS BRANCH OFFICES ON FUNDING PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES

This study analyzes the product attributes of fund collection that are the customer preferences of Bank BRI Syariah Ciamis Branch Office and analyzes the attributes that are most considered by customers in using fund collection products. The basic method of this research is descriptive. The method of analysis of customer preferences is the chi-square analysis and to analyze the attributes that are most considered by customers is the Fishbein multi-attribute analysis. It is known that customer preferences for product attributes of raising funds are a proportion of larger profit-sharing ratios for customers, many ATM network facilities, friendly service, affordable public transport office locations. Product attributes of fund collection that are considered by customers in using BRI Syariah fund collection products at the Ciamis Branch Office are locations with attitude index values ​​(Ao).

IRANIAN PAYMENT SYSTEM “SHETAB” AND PROSPECTS OF THE IRANIAN BANK CARD SYSTEM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Since the imposition of sanctions on the Republic of Iran, no international payment system has been established in the country. As a result, Iran implemented a solution to the described problems without attracting external assistance, in particular, the Shetab payment system was created and its connection to ATM networks in Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE and Kuwait was implemented. Iran also introduced the Shetab Bank card system, which is extended to Armenia and Turkey. The impact of bilateral payment system on economic growth and increase in cash turnover between two countries, during the period of economic sanctions, has been considered in the article.

Money Leaks in Banking ATM’s Cash-Management Systems

Some widely-accepted practices on banking ATM networks may negatively affect an efficient liquidity management. This paper analyses ATM cash management in light of empirical evidence which suggests that banking ATMs tend to be overloaded beyond the customer’s needs. This, in turn, results in high opportunity costs. While this is not perceived by banks as particularly harmful, it might have a damaging impact on other business which revolves exclusively around ATM networks, such as cashback sites. A dormant money case may be solved­­ by an appropriate tool matching the ATM’s cash to the user’s needs. Supported by a large database of banking records, this paper also provides model validation for a set of theorems previously developed by the author, resulting here in a cutting-edge, reliable forecasting system, suitable for anticipating ATMs cash demand as well as coupling with other supply chain planning processes.

New centrality and causality metrics assessing air traffic network interactions

In ATM systems, the massive number of interacting entities makes it difficult to identify critical elements and paths of disturbance propagation, as well as to predict the system-wide effects that innovations might have. To this end, suitable metrics are required to assess the role of the interconnections between the elements and complex network science provides several network metrics to evaluate the network functioning. Here we focus on centrality and causality metrics measuring, respectively, the importance of a node and the propagation of disturbances along links. By investigating a dataset of US flights, we show that existing centrality and causality metrics are not suited to characterise the effect of delays in the system. We then propose generalisations of such metrics that we prove suited to ATM applications. Specifically, the new centrality is able to account for the temporal and multi-layer structure of ATM network, while the new causality metric focuses on the propagation of extreme events along the system.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN ATAU NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH BANK SEBAGAI TEMPAT MENABUNG DI YOGYAKARTA

This study aims to determine the effect of multipurpose networks ATMs, interest, administrative fees, bank locations and bank services the customer's decision in choosing a bank as a place to save in Yogyakarta. In this study, taking a sample of residents who live in the city Yogyakarta with 60 respondents. This testing using analysis tools in the form of correlation (validity test) and reliability test for know the validity of the data used in research. To test the hypothesis in this research is multiple regression test. In the F test obtained F count (27.594)> F table (2.28) which means that together there is a significant influence between the variable services, bank locations, multipurpose ATM networks, bank interest and administrative fees towards decisions. In the t test there are three variables that have no effect significantly to customer savings decisions, namely service variables with a value of t arithmetic (1.385) <t table (2.0057), Bank Location with a value of t arithmetic (1,933) <t table (2.0057) and Multipurpose And ATM Networks with calculated t values (0.839) <t table (2.0057). While interest and administrative costs are partial each has a significant effect on the savings decision variable customers because the t value obtained for the bank interest (3,697)> t table (2.0057) and administrative costs (3,510) > t table (2.0057). The results of this study provide evidence that 71.9% of customers' savings decisions influenced by the variable service, bank location, multipurpose ATM networks, bank interest and administrative costs while the remaining 28.1% influenced by other factors. Based on data analysis, the factors are a big influence on customer savings decisions is bank interest.

Analysis of a Single Server Retrial Queue with Server Vacation and Two Waiting Buffers Based on ATM Networks

This paper presents a discrete-time Geo/G/1 retrial queue with two waiting buffers to model an ATM network, in which the server begins a single vacation in cases where the system is empty at the instant of a service completion. New arriving customer who finds the server being on vacation can decide to either enter the retrial buffer with some probability p or leave the system with complementary probability 1−p. But the new arriving customer can begin its service immediately if he finds the server idle and join the original buffer if he finds the server busy. We first carry out an extensive analysis of the model by using the supplementary variable method and the generating function approach, and give some performance measures, such as server’s state probabilities and mean queue lengths in the original buffer, retrial buffer, and in the system. Secondly, we give the generating function of the sojourn time of a customer in the system and prove that Little’s law still holds in our model. Sensitivity analysis and cost optimization are finally given for illustrative purposes.

How Does a Retail Payment Account Consumer Changes over Time? Usage Rate Behavioral Segmentation from 2010 till 2016 in the Czech Republic

The paper is focused on retail payment account consumers with account access via e-banking. Firstly, the goal is to provide payment account usage profiles at the level of payment instruments. Secondly, to assess the development of identified profiles during the crisis and post-crisis year 2010-2016 in the Czech Republic. The two-step cluster analysis sample segmented 16,392 individual payment account usage records. Three clusters were identified: price-driven, active, and low balance/overdraft user. The clusters were mainly separated by an ATM usage and average balance. Payment instruments showed a less significant difference. The first cluster showed exclusive preference of own bank’s ATM network. The second cluster manifested the highest usage frequencies and the broadest range of services. The third cluster had average account balance below zero with most of the consumers declaring an average balance from €-925 to €370. A steady trend of change was found regarding the demand structure. The price-driven profile was a mainstream consumer segment till 2014. The active consumer segment became dominant in 2015 due to a steady trend of price-driven profile share loss. The third cluster’s share remained stable over the surveyed period. The next change in consumer typology was related to the usage rate. All clusters showed an increase in ATM usage over time. Price-driven cluster steadily increased ATM withdrawal abroad from technical zero to 0.4 per month. Active profile and low balance/overdraft user increased domestic ATM usage by almost one withdrawal per month. Direct payments showed an increase over time as well. Direct payments shared trend of increase in average by one payment per month, in a case of the price-driven profile by two.

Alliance cooperation joint ATM network: exploring the banking sector in Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to determine the factors that encourage Indonesian banks to collaborate in the banking networks ATM Prima and ATM Bersama to achieve business efficiencies.Design/methodology/approachA combination of methods is used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Factor analysis and different testing technics are used. The data were obtained through interviews with managers of the banks involved in the two banking networks included in this study.FindingsThis research addresses ATM banking from three perspectives: banks that collaborate in ATM networks, banks that are joint ATM providers and banking customers that use ATMs. The results show that the banks in the study are more concerned about cost-effectiveness and cost-efficiencies in both the operational and investment aspects of supporting their ATM infrastructures. ATM providers place more importance on creating the most user-friendly, stable, wide-ranging and continuous system of services by collaborating with other banks in networks that provide ATM services. Customers put more importance on paying the minimum possible administration fees and the availability of specific banking services across a wide area.Research limitations/implicationsThis research took place over a period of only one year. This limited the depth of the data collected. A longer study using data that cover more than one fiscal year would have generated more detailed information.Practical implicationsThis study places importance on maximizing cost-efficiencies to keep bank fees low for customers. There are significant investment and operational costs associated with setting up and operating ATMs and of adding and managing additional ATMs. This is particularly so in an era when their use is on the decline owing to the increasing use of electronic banking.Social implicationsThe social implications of ATM banking refer to the reduced administration fees customers pay as banks incur cost savings from collaborating on infrastructure and services. The availability of ATMs from specific banks could be replaced by one joint ATM machine that is situated in a specific area where electronic banking is not available. Banks’ customers tend to move to other banking services, and this means banks could lose a lot of their existing customers unless they can come up with unique services that are both accessible and user-friendly.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is that it recommends that some strategies Indonesian banks could use to become more efficient and effective, including forming ATM alliances to maximize efficiency and to achieve a competitive advantage.

Abstract 274: The ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344 shows strong preclinical activity in lymphomas and appears associated with specific gene expression signatures

Abstract Introduction. Targeting the DNA repairing pathways represents an intriguing new approach for cancer treatment. BAY 1895344 is a potent, highly selective and orally available ATR inhibitor (Luecking et al, AACR 2017) in its early clinical development in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas (NCT03188965). We performed evaluated its antitumor activity in a large panel of lymphoma cell lines. Methods. IC50s and caspase 3/7 activation were obtained in cell lines derived from human B (n=50) or T cell (n=9), murine (n=2) and canine (n=1) lymphomas exposed to increasing doses of BAY 1895344 for 72h. Apoptosis activation was defined by at least 1.5-fold increase in caspase 3/7 signal activation vs controls. Transcriptome data (Illumina HumanHT 12 Expression BeadChips, HTG Biomarker Panel) were analyzed with GSEA (statistical significance: absolute NES >1.5, FDR < 0.01). In vivo efficacy was evaluated in xenograft studies of human lymphoma in mice. Results. BAY 1895344 showed anti-tumor activity with a median IC50 of 60 nM (95%C.I.; 3-500 nM) across the 62 cell lines, comprising mainly germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL, n.=17), activated B-cell DLBCL (8), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, 10), marginal zone lymphoma (6), T cell lymphomas (9). BAY 1895344 was mostly cytotoxic with apoptosis induction in 38/62 (61%) of the cell lines. Sensitivity was not affected by lymphoma histology or DLBCL cell of origin, TP53/BCL2/MYC status or ATM/ATR loss. A xenograft experiment (MCL Rec-1 cell line) demonstrated complete tumor remission with BAY 1895344 (50 mg/kg, twice daily, 3 days on and 4 days off). Comparing the gene expression profile of 4 less (IC50>200nM) vs 3 very sensitive (IC50<10nM) GCB-DLBCL cell lines, cell cycle regulation and DNA repair genes were positively associated with higher sensitivity (E2F targets; G2M checkpoint; DNA repair), while survival and inflammation transcripts with lower (TNFA signaling; IL2/STAT5 signaling). Similar results for E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, TNFA signaling and IL2/STAT5 signaling were confirmed in MCL cell lines. Finally, we compared the transcriptome obtained using an NGS-based platform in 30 B cell lymphoma cell lines divided by the median IC50. Genes involved in BRCA1 and/or ATM networks, RB1 and/or TP53 targets, WNT signaling were higher in the most sensitive cell lines, while the opposite was true for genes taking part to apoptosis, cytokine interaction pathway, inflammatory response and TNFA signaling via NFκB, and MAPK signaling. Conclusion. A strong anti-tumor activity, associated with specific gene expression signatures, was seen with BAY 1895344 in lymphoma models, providing further support for the on-going phase I study. Citation Format: Eugenio Gaudio, Chiara Tarantelli, Filippo Spriano, Luciano Cascione, Alberto Arribas, Emanuele Zucca, Anastasios Stathis, Antje Margret Wengner, Francesco Bertoni. The ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344 shows strong preclinical activity in lymphomas and appears associated with specific gene expression signatures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 274.

Multi-objective optimization for a strategic ATM network redesign problem

During the last decades, the banking industry has been facing multiple challenges, from changes in regulations and legal systems, to the irruption of new technologies. A constant adaptation to the rapidly changing business ecosystem is therefore required. This paper deals with one type of efficiency improvement that is required from traditional banking operations as a result of the current shift in the industry towards more use of technology. That is, we deal with the decision-making process related to the redesign of existing ATM networks, which is currently being considered by many banks worldwide. This redesign is mainly a consequence of an increased use of electronic payment methods and card transactions, which have made the demand for cash decrease significantly. We describe a multi-objective mathematical programming model to be used as a tool when making strategic decisions regarding the bank ATM network redesign. Total costs and the coverage of customers and turnover are considered as conflicting performance attributes and analyzed through several multi-criteria techniques, namely the weighted sum and Tchebycheff methods and Archimedean goal programming. Among other insights, the results on a realistic case study show that the potential for cost reductions is high and that the consideration of both customer coverage and turnover coverage is crucial for the performance of the network.

An Efficient and Authentication Signcryption Scheme Based on Elliptic Curves

Signcryption schemes are compact and specially suited for efficiency-critical applications such as smart card dependent systems. Several researchers have performed a large number of significant applications of signcryption such as authenticated key recovery and key establishment in one mall data packet, secure ATM networks as well as light weight electronic transaction protocols and multi-casting over the internet. In this paper we have proposed an efficient and efficient scheme of signcryption symmetric key solutions, using elliptic curves by reducing senders computational cost. It needs two elliptic curve point multiplication for sender and comparative study of computational cost for sender and recipient as well as there is no any inverse computation for sender and recipient. This makes it more crucial than others.

Аналіз особливостей моделей оптичних транспортних мереж

. Features of construction of models of optical transport networks are considered. It is noted that the models have common features: a hierarchical level structure, where each level has an independent set of functions, which are independent of other levels; presence of physical level; the formation of paths of physical and virtual characters; levels of interaction with the user of the transport network. The difference between SDH and ATM transport models is in that the SDH network transport resource is provided to the user continuously, regardless of the information flow with the fixed transmission speed, while the transport resources of the ATM network are provided to the user only when the presence of a flow of information load. It has been substantiated that among the three networks: SDH ATM and OTN-OTH, only the OTN-OTH network model can provide the largest transport resource. It has been determined that the Ethernet network provides high-quality digital services, despite the relatively cheap solution for the transport of multimedia traffic to user terminals.

Impact of ATM location on its profi tability in Malopolskie and Podkarpackie provinces

The fi rst decade of the 21st century saw a dynamic development in ATM networks. This was refl ected in the growth of the number of ATMs and number of withdrawals. However, in the beginning of the second decade, a slowdown in the dynamic development of this part of the banking system has been observed in Poland. The signifi cant reduction of interchange (which is the main source of revenue for ATM network deployers) and growing availability of cashless payments tempered a further intensive development of these networks. Over the next 3 years, this regression was refl ected in the declining number of withdrawals from ATMs and the insignifi cant growth of the number of ATMs. Therefore, ATM owners are forced to search for new solutions that could guarantee more profi ts. One way is the suitable choice of locations for new ATMs and removal of ATMs from non-profi table locations. In this paper, the authors have attempted to indicate the locations with the largest number of withdrawals on the basis of the number of withdrawals from the ATMs of the one of the largest ATM network deployers. The ATMs with the largest number of withdrawals are sources of the largest profi ts due to interchange. The authors have also indicated those locations where ATMs can be a source of losses.

Rate-Based End-to End Closed Loop Control for ABR Traffic Management

ATM has one common feature which guarantees its success, namely the possibility to transport any ATM service, irrespective of its characteristics such as the bit rate, its quality requirements or its bursty nature. ATM also has high flexibility in allocate the bandwidth, and thus allows more calls to enter the network. Unfortunately, this advantage has a negative consequences. ATM presents congestion problems in the network as well as in the end terminals. This research describes about congestion control mechanism that will be applied for Available Bit Rate (ABR) Service in ATM networks, namely, the Rate-Based Congestion Control Scheme. This method supports end-to-end closed-loop control and has been indentified as the most appropriate for the support of this service by ATM Forum. ABR Service is a new ATM Service category. This kind of service automatically and dynamically allocates the available bandwidth to users by controlling the traffic flow based on feedback information. The source increases or decreases the source rate of cells transmission based on the information in the feedback Resource Management (RM) cell it receives. This method minimizes the duties of intermediate nodes and the destination node, so it is expected the source will receive the feedback information faster.

Innovation, deregulation, and the life cycle of a financial service industry

We construct a dynamic equilibrium model to study how a major product innovation (introducing the debit card function) interacted with banking deregulation and drove the shakeout of the U.S. ATM and debit card industry. The model matches the quantitative pattern of the industry well and allows us to conduct counterfactual analyses to evaluate the roles that innovation and deregulation each played in the industry evolution. The findings show that debit innovation was the main driving force for the decline in ATM network numbers, but deregulation added an important impact on the industry's welfare gains.