Dutch East Indies Research Articles

Lifestyle Ambiguity: The Visuals of Cigarette Advertisements in the Dutch East Indes Era

The focuses of this research are the visual style reconstruction of cigarette advertisements published in magazines during the colonial era of the Dutch East Indies and the expressions of lifestyle recorded in them. This study examines the visualization and visual style of cigarette advertisements published in magazines in Indonesia from 1925 to 2000. This study also aims to reconstruct the lifestyle in the visual representation of cigarette advertisements as a reflection of the process of social change in Indonesian society during the colonial to the post-colonial period (1925 - 2000). This research employed descriptive analytical methodology, with the main theory of the social history of Art and David Chaney’s lifestyle theory. The visual style of Oriental Modern Eclecticism captures the Indies’ hybrid lifestyle expression, namely: a pseudo-modernity lifestyle as a result of the integration among the colonized communities which were spread across the Dutch East Indies (1925-1942). The cigarette advertisements of that era presented an imaginary world that depicted the harmonious social interactions of various social layers which is contrary to the social reality of the segregated colonial life.

Development Strategy for Talang Semut Areas as a Heritage Tourism Destination in Palembang

Talang Semut in the city of Palembang was designed by Thomas Karsten during the Dutch East Indies administration as a garden city for Palembang residents of European descent. In addition to a settlement, public and urban social facilities, including churches, hotels, swimming pools, and retention pools to prevent flooding, were constructed in this area. The architecture of the buildings in Talang Semut is distinct from local architecture due to the influence of Indies architecture and modern architecture (de Stijl). As a historic district in Palembang, Talang Semut continues to expand and attract increasing numbers of tourists. The general public, especially building owners, does not correctly comprehend the growth of the Talang Semut neighborhood, which undermines its status as a historic district. In addition, there is no clear direction or strategy for preserving and promoting Talang Semut as a heritage tourism attraction. This study aims to examine initiatives to prevent harm and loss of historical significance and the creation of heritage tourism sites. Observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires are used to collect data for this descriptive quantitative study. The results of this study reveal that the community does not see Talang Semut as a heritage region that must be maintained in addition to its development as a tourism attraction. Land conversion and building facade modifications will continue. This study concludes that immediate technical and non-technical measures must be taken to prevent damage to the Talang Semut region. In addition to a more organized management structure, the Talang Semut area must be directed to enhance and add supporting amenities to become a heritage tourism destination.

Massenrempulu Ethnicity from South Sulawesi in the Transformation of Political Identity and the Production of Cultural Differences

In the context of the political history of the kingdoms of South Sulawesi up to the end of the Dutch colonial period, Maspul was interpreted as a political alliance of small kingdoms in the mountainous region of South Sulawesi. the term Maspul is interpreted as an ethnic group among several more populous ethnic groups such as the Bugis, Makassar, Luwu, Toraja (South Sulawesi), and Mandar (West Sulawesi). This paper examines the phenomenon of identity crisis experienced by the Massenrempulu ethnicity in South Sulawesi. The Massenrempulu have long internally considered themselves an ethnicity, although outsiders do not widely recognize them as an ethnic group. This article is based on research on the topic of “The Emergence of the Massenrempulu Ethnicity in South Sulawesi,” which was an ethnographic study conducted in 2015. The research also included diverse sources such as the colonial notes by government employees of the Dutch East Indies held by the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV) Jakarta. Through the application of a constructivist perspective, the socio-cultural complexity of Massenrempulu society can be explained in the historical context and understood as an ethnic group. Maspul people are an ethnicity in South Sulawesi in the same manner as the Bugis, Makassar, Luwuk, and Toraja. The Maspul ethnic group has consisted of three different subcultures, with their local histories, mythologies, and languages, which is understandable given the historical characteristics of the Maspul Federation.

Segregasi Etnis dalam Perkembangan Kota Manggar, Belitung Timur, pada Abad 19 Hingga Abad 20

Several cities in Indonesia that was built and developed during the colonial era can be categorized as planned cities and grew due to industrial and mining activities. Manggar is a city that grew due to tin mining activities on the east of Belitung Island. This paper will examine the cityscape of Manggar which developed from a simple settlement into a complex settlement. In addition, this paper will also discuss ethnic segregation in Manggar which is one of the characteristics of the city that grew in the colonial era. The source of the data in this article is the result of archaeological research conducted by the Archaeological Center of South Sumatra in 2021. This research compared archaeological data with historical data together with old maps. The results of the analysis showed that Manggar had four phases of development between the early nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In addition, there is also a clear pattern of separation between settlement of one ethnicity with the other ethnicities scattered in Manggar City. The separation of these settlements was a manifestation of the policy of the Dutch East Indies Government issued in 1854 regarding the stratification of social classes based on ethnic groups.

Persatoean Arab Indonesia (PAI)

This article aims to explain how the involvement and success of the Persatoean Arab Indonesia (PAI) in integrating Arab-Hadrami society into a part of the Indonesian nation. PAI was originally a social organization founded in Semarang in 1934. But along the way, this organization turned into a political organization because of the demands of its time. This article uses historical research methods in four steps, i.e., heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The main source in this article is the personal archive of A. R. Baswedan, organizational archives of Persatoean Arab Indonesia (PAI), and Koempoelan Toelisan Gerakan al-Irsjad. While the supporting sources come from contemporaneous newspapers, e.g., Pewarta Arab, Insaf, Matahari, Al-Ma’arif, ad-Dahna, Hadhramaut dan Aliran Baroe, as well as secondary sources derived from books, journals, and other scientific articles relevant to this topic. The results showed that: (1) Persatoean Arab Indonesia (PAI) was founded as a solution to reconcile the opposition among sayidi and non-sayid groups that divided the Arab-Hadrami community in the Dutch East Indies. Along the way, PAI then gained the support of the two conflicting groups; (2) PAI succeeded in integrating the Arab-Hadrami community into part of the Indonesian nation. Although at first the Indonesianized of this organization was doubtful, with its various programs, PAI managed to attract sympathy from nationalists and the Indonesian people that they were part of this nation.

Dietsland Empire?

Dutch fascism was marked by an international outlook and character from the outset in the 1920s. Rather than a purely Netherlands affair, it had proponents in multiple countries, particularly Belgium and the East Indies (Indonesia). For many of these, the idea of a Great Netherlands territory uniting all Dutch-speaking nations – Dietsland – was central to their international vision. There were a number of Dutch fascist parties and other organisations spread across the globe which experienced limited success throughout the 1920s, notably Flemish fascists in Belgium, and the reactionary Fatherland Club in the Dutch Indies. The latter was the most important, successfully mobilising the white settler population against perceived weakness in the face of Indonesian nationalism and communism. In the early 1930s they became influenced by fascism. The dominant fascist force of the 1930s however was Anton Mussert’s National Socialist Movement, which became a considerable force in the Netherlands, but proportionally even greater in the East Indies. Permitting mixed-race members in the party, it established integrated branches in the colonies where it became the largest political party. An inclusive culturalist notion of Dietsland was central to the party’s international vision and plans for a future fascist Imperium. It took a broadly positive stance towards the colonial administration, pointing to it as a model of fascist rule. This international Dutch fascism was underpinned by a transnational network of members and colonial administrators and army veterans which moved around the Dutch empire. This had a real impact on the development of party ideology, as leaders had to reckon with the influence of the transnational fascist network. However, ultimately metropolitan chauvinism and white supremacism determined the ultimate failure of Dutch fascism in the Indies and the hollowness of the Dietsland myth.

Usaha Politik Hindia Belanda Terhadap Arus Perlawanan Umat Islam (Studi Jabatan Mufti di Hulu Sungai)

This paper discusses the political movement of the Dutch East Indies in Hulu Sungai by looking at the position of the mufti as an important position used by the Dutch East Indies government against the resistance of Muslim movements. Although the Dutch East Indies government at that time was considered the owner of the rightful government. However, the resistance movements against this government continued to the roots of the lower classes of society. This paper aims to find out what the Dutch East Indies political efforts and steps were in resisting the massive movements of the Hulu Sungai community. Mufti became the center issue to create government stability. This study uses historical research methods by looking at historical data as a source of information. In this study it was found, that the Dutch East Indies used two forms of political resistance against Muslim movements, namely; soft political power and hard political power. Hard political power can be seen from the forcible arrest of parties who are considered rebellious. Meanwhile, soft political power is formed by forming and appointing the mufti to become a mediator and stabilizer in the community.

The Simbur Cahaya Bangkahulu Constitutional Law as a Source of Indonesian Law: A Review of Local Wisdom and a Study of National Legal Education

The Simbur Cahaya Bangkahulu Constitutional Law was enacted in Bengkulu in 1862 during the reign of assistant resident J. Walland. This law was originally named Piagem Ratu Sinuhun (1639-1650) which was drafted together with ministers and Islamic Religious Figure (Ulama). Some of its contents are taken from the Javanese law which is called Simboer Tjahaja Karta Ampat Bitjara Lima. This study used qualitative research by combining library research and field research. For data collection techniques, in this case it has been analyzed from various available sources or other information related to the study of the concept of local wisdom in the community and as a source of legal education in Islamic higher education research institutions. Based on the results of research that has been done, this law was named the Sindang Marga Law during the reign of Sultan Palembang Darussalam Abdurrahman and changed to the Simbur Cahaya Law during the reign of the Dutch East Indies. When compared between the criminal law of the Criminal Code (Dutch Heritage) with Islamic law, customary law and law of Majapahit kingdom, it turns out that the law we use does not pay attention to the interests and material rights or personal property rights of the victim. Meanwhile, the crime in the Simbur Cahaya Bangkahulu Law requires the perpetrator or the convicted person to return the loss to the victim. So that values in customary law that are still relevant and more just should be used as a source of national law.

VOC and Chinese in Java: Identifying the Migration Motives in the Seventeenth Century

The presence of Chinese abroad in the seventeenth century is regarded as the early modern period by many scholars. The seventeenth century was also marked by the increasing seaborne trade in Southeast Asia, which was significantly more intense than before. Chinese merchants were one of the dominant traders within the region. As the result, the Chinese massive migration in the seventeenth century witnessed unprecedented occasions regarding many issues which encouraged the enthusiasm of the Chinese diaspora to Java in the seventeenth century. This chapter emerges from the observation that the current literature on migration motives are lacking. This study aims to enrich the literature about the motives and how they drove the Chinese to migrate. Few literatures that adequately appreciate transnational migration motivation to Southeast Asia, especially Java. The previous research tends to discuss the events, background, and consequences of Chinese migration to Java. This chapter addresses some points, namely (1) investigating the Chinese motives to migrate to Java in the 17th century; (2) formulating well-established analytical tools on how these Chinese migrants were perceived by the Dutch East Indies as well as by indigenous Javanese traders. Also how Chinese migrants portrayed themselves in Javanese society in the seventeenth century; (3) underscoring that the main factor of Chinese migration to Java relates to VOC policy which started with the establishment of the new city of Batavia in 1619. This chapter also tries to complete the reference and research about the Chinese migration phenomenon all over the world.

KABAR BENCANA DARI SURAT KABAR: MEMBACA ULANG SEJARAH BENCANA 20 MEI 1938

The earthquake and tsunami that occurred in Tomini Bay and Palu Bay, on May 20, 1938, was one of the natural disasters that attracted much attention in the archipelago at that time. This research was conducted to thoroughly review the history of the 20 May 1938 disaster, in the eyes of the newspapers published in the Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands at that time. Newspaper sources from the disaster were considered capable of presenting an overview of the atmosphere after the disaster and how the handling efforts were carried out by the Dutch East Indies government and religious and humanitarian organizations. This study used historical methods consisting of heuristics (finding sources), source criticism, interpretation (meaning), and historiography (writing history). It is hoped that the results of this study can be a learning material for people living in the Central Sulawesi region, especially Palu Bay which is crossed by the Palu Koro Fault, and Tomini Bay which is crossed by several faults, one of which is the Tokararu Fault.

Perkembangan Tembakau di Distrik Lampung Masa Kolonial Abad XIX

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of tobacco plantations in the Lampung district during the 19th century colonial period and as a source of learning material for the history of plantations in Lampung and local history in Lampung. The method used in this research is using the historical method with several stages, namely heusristic, verification, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study briefly describe the development of tobacco plantations in the Lampung district during the colonial period. And the dynamics of tobacco with many other plantation products can be said to be not easy, the dynamics of tobacco plants that were cultivated during the colonial period experienced many highs and lows of tobacco production. With conditions in the colonial period being in changing weather so that it had an impact on the production of its own tobacco, so that in the 1830s the colonial began to order again for farmers in the Dutch East Indies to plant plantation products that were sold on the international market.

SEJARAH GLOBAL SEBAGAI PENDEKATAN BARU DALAM SEJARAH INDONESIA

History science should not be separated from the development of world philosophical thought. As a science, history is still survived and used by many scholars until now. It proves that history is still relevant to solve problems in our life. Since the nineteenth century, history science is excessively influenced by the Eurocentric view that it had been used to legitimate the power of European imperialism and colonialism in many colonies, like Netherlands Indies, British Malaya, India, and so forth. Many scholars from social humanities fields, such as Syed Hussein Alatas and Edward Said, have criticized the Eurocentric view in social humanities scholarships. Lately, historians have been using a new approach that emphasizes global history. Global history writings discuss problems on a larger scale to reduce the Eurocentric view in history science. It has been written and discussed by scholars in Europe, North America, and East Asia for several times ago. However, the global history approach has not been used yet as an approach by academic or public historians in Indonesia. This article explores global history as an approach to historical methodology. In this article, the author uses historical literature that has been using global history as an approach. The author argues that the global history approach should be explored further to reduce the Eurocentric view in historical writings.

Monopoli Lada dan Emas di Pantai Barat Sumatera: Konflik Internal Melayu dan Intervensi VOC dalam Narasi Hulubalang Raja Karya Nur Sutan Iskandar

In the Indonesia-centrism historiography devide et impera is generally understood as the intrigue of the colonizer to dominate the archipelago. Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)'s cunning tactic is related to the colonialism of abundant natural resources in the archipelago. The historical narrative that emerged was that the VOC was accused of being the ringleader of dividing the nation in order to smooth out the ambitions of monopoly on spices and other commodities. The European Meneer was labeled as an antagonist who maneuvered in order to control the maritime trade network of the archipelago. On the other hand, in historical reconstruction, trade competition between brothers and/or local rulers tends to be ignored. In fact, their conflict (internal Malay) is more entrenched, massive, and latent. This article aims to explore medieval primordial conflicts along the West Coast of Sumatra. As a narrative balance, the novel Nur Sutan Iskandar, which takes the background from 1665-1668, is examined because it offers an alternative discourse about a dramatic chronicle between traders and rulers of Aceh and Minangkabau. In modern Indonesian literature, Hulubalang Raja (1934) is known as a historical literary work. From the perspective of New Historism, the conflict between Raja Adil and Hulubalang Raja is a representation of the Malay people. The colossal conflict between the Malays is understood as the author's literary strategy to trick Balai Pustaka 's censorship. In addition, the text of the story can also be interpreted as a message to the readers of the 30s decade who are experiencing contractions to realize the idea of a nation-state which will later be called "Indonesia". Instead of cornering the Kompeni , the main problems of the people of the archipelago at that time were exposed through colossal conflicts between the nation's children. In the romance narrative of the Balai Pustaka tradition, the dominant narrative is the internal conflict of the Malay. Meanwhile, the double storylines of the shortcut novels seem confusing and incoherent. However, the fictional building was related to the repression of the colonial side through Balai Pustaka which aggressively censored, tightened, and banned books that were considered subversive to the power of the Dutch East Indies.

Peristiwa Perebutan Gedung Sate di Bandung Tahun 1945

In the midst of the chaotic situation in the raging revolution in 1945, a number of battles that occurred also colored the course of the revolutionary period in Bandung. The battle between the Allied troops and Indonesian troops to defend Gedung Sate was one of them. The method used in this study is the historical method, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography which are divided into four stages. The concept used in this study refers to the conflict theory proposed by the American sociologist, Lewis A. Coser. The building which was built in 1920 was originally used for the Verkeer en Watertaat Department, where its construction became a project of the Dutch East Indies Government to relocate the administrative center from Batavia (Jakarta) to Bandung. On December 3rd, 1945, Gurkha troops (British mercenaries supported by NICA) came storming when the building was only defended by 21 youth employees of the Public Works Department (PU). The battle was fierce until in the end due to unbalanced forces, the youths were defeated and Gedung Sate managed to fall into the hands of the enemy. Its strategic value is the NICA reason to seize Gedung Sate.

Rancangan Elemen Fisik Kampung Tematik Tempo Doeloe Jagalan sebagai Destinasi Wisata

Productive Thematic Village is one of the priority activities carried out by the Semarang City Government as a solution in improving community welfare. Thematic Village is based on regional potential and the community as the subject of the Thematic Village plays an active role in improving welfare. One thematic village that has potential as a tourist destination is the Kampung Tempo Doeloe which is located in Jagalan Village. Kampung Tempo Doeloe was initiated by the local kelurahan government as an effort to preserve ancient buildings and existing traditions. However, in its continuation as a Thematic Village itself, this village still has problems. Therefore, a design is needed for the sustainability of thematic villages and the transformation of thematic villages into tourist destinations. The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for the design of Kampung Tempo Doeloe which focuses on physical elements. Data collection methods used in this research are field observations, interviews, institutional surveys and document review. Analytical method used is descriptive qualitative in the form of descriptive comparative method. The results of this study are recommendations of physical elements design which divided into 5 elements, namely Circulation and Parking, Open Space, Signages, Supporting Activities, and Preservation.. This recommendation is expected to be an input and consideration for the Semarang City Government in developing and transforming thematic villages into tourist destinations.

HISTORY OF PUBLIC SCHOOL EDUCATION (VOLKSCHOOL) IN THE DUTCH COLONIAL PERIOD IN ACEH

One of the three-year Dutch schools in Aceh is called People's School (Volkschool). Starting with the few Acehnese who are aware that there were once schools built by Dutch colonialists in Aceh before the foundation of schools as they are now. Because the history of the People's School (Volkschool) is not widely known among Acehnese, it makes for a very fascinating study subject. The purpose of this study is to understand more about how the People's School (Volkschool) in Aceh was founded and how its educational system operated during the Dutch colonial era. By using library research methods (Library Research) and oral sources (interviews). This study uses historical research methods, namely heuristics (data collection), source criticism (data verification), interpretation (data analysis), and historiography. The results showed that the first People's school (Volkschool) was formed in Aceh on December 30, 1907 in Ulee Lheu. This was motivated by the Dutch goal of realizing the desire of the Dutch East Indies government to spread education as widely as possible at the lowest possible cost. the three years of instruction at the People's School (Volkschool). The reading, writing, and math components of the Volkschool curriculum are its format. The Dutch colonialists paid for the classroom supplies, including slate and grip writing implements. Parents of pupils are required to cover expenses ranging from 10 cents to 15 cents. No fees were ever taken from pupils, not even in the early years of the school's existence or towards the conclusion of the colonial era. The Acehnese may be employed by the Dutch colonialists even though the wages were extremely poor after receiving an education at this institution. Although the Dutch colonialists initially forced the people of Aceh to send their children to the People's School (Volkschool), this compulsion ultimately led to exceptional outcomes. Where the people of Aceh may produce an enlightened generation like the one we have today and are no longer illiterate in Latin.

Intermarriages From The Legal Perspective Of Hindu Marriage

For couples of different religions, the relationship between Marriage and the formation of a family based on God Almighty is confusing. Because in Indonesia, marriage is only recognized as legal between people of the same faith. Meanwhile, intermarriage should not be registered to gain legitimacy. However, the regulation makes it possible to submit its decision to the court, determining whether mixed marriages are registered and considered valid as a legal institution for the formation of families. Since the purpose of Hindu marriage is not only oriented towards the world but also on the birth of a virtuous generation, who are expected to be filial to their parents and save their ancestors from sin, then a virtuous generation can only be born through the same marriage. religion is accompanied by sacred rituals. This study is descriptive-analytical, aiming to describe the newly occurring intermarriage, which will be evaluated for its existence and correlated with the Hindu perspective of marriage. Indonesia has never experienced a legal vacuum (Vacumrecht) governing intermarriage. During the Dutch East Indies period (before independence) until after independence on January 2, 1974, marriage regulations were regulated in the Indonesian Christian Marriage Regulations (Huwelijks Ordonantie Christen Indonesier S. 1933 No. 74) and the Mixed Marriage Regulations (Regeling op de gemengde Huwelijken S.1898 No.158).

Menelusuri Jalan Raya Pos Deandels Jakarta-Bogor Abad ke 19

This article is entitled “Traveling the 19th Century Daendels BataviaBuitenzorg Post Road”. The Daendels highway itself is a postal road with a length of 1,000 kilometers in Java that stretches from Anyer to Panarukan. Seeing this aspect, the researcher is interested in studying this problem in depth, so the purpose of this research is to understand the background of the construction of the postal highway, as well as the impact of the postal highway construction. Then to obtain credible results, the research method used is the historical method with steps in the form of: heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography. From this research it was found that the postal highway (De Grote Postweg), was built in 1808-1811 by order of the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, namely Herman Willem Daendels. The creation of smooth communication between regions along the island of Java which at that time was controlled by Daendels was the goal of the construction of the postal highway itself, besides that the construction of the postal highway served as a defense against British attacks on the North Coastof Java.

Translation, Memory, and Ongoing Coloniality: Reading Gentayangan for a More Worldly Dutch Studies

ABSTRACT Responding to De postkoloniale spiegel and De nieuwe koloniale leeslijst, this article exposes how few Indonesian voices are heard in conversations on colonial history in the Netherlands today. Representations of the Dutch East Indies as colony prevail over conceptions of Indonesia as independent nation. Through a reading of Gentayangan by Intan Paramaditha, we decentre readings of colonial literature in Dutch Studies by turning to Indonesian literature in translation. Like colonial indies literature preoccupied with nostalgia, this book is also haunted by memory, but of a different anti-colonial character. As Paramaditha’s character journeys around the world she is discomforted by Dutch nostalgia for tempo doeloe in the Netherlands, but finds solidarity in encounters with other wanderers who have faced colonization and racialized oppression in different contexts. In our reading of this text in translation, we lean on theories in memory studies to consider: How might Gentayangan as a demonstration of ongoing coloniality support the shift towards a more worldly approach in Dutch Studies? Are postcolonial re-readings from Western loci of meaning-making enough – as found in Spiegel and Leeslijst – or are there more innovative ways to decolonize Dutch Studies by implicating oneself in the power dynamics of ongoing coloniality?

Modernisasi Kota: Saluran Air Bersih Perpipaan di Jawa Masa Kolonial

The clean water pipeline is a project initiated and designed by the Dutch East Indies government to overcome the problem of water cleanliness in urban areas in the 20th century. At that time, clean water in colonial cities was becoming increasingly scarce due to population growth, among other things. The increasing number of residents causes water pollution in urban areas to increase. The colonial government realized the impact caused by the pollution. Several disease outbreaks began to emerge and attack the city community. Efforts to construct boreholes/artesian wells do not appear to be going as expected. Therefore, the government designed a clean water pipeline construction project to drain water from springs to the colonial city. After the construction of these new facilities, colonial cities underwent significant changes, such as an increase in living standards and cultural changes in urban communities.