Serum Nesfatin-1 Research Articles

Copeptin and Nesfatin-1 Are Interrelated Biomarkers with Roles in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Chinese Children with Obesity

Background: Copeptin and nesfatin-1 have recently been identified as novel peptides that play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance in adults. However, the relationship between them has not yet been elucidated, and their circulating levels in children with obesity have not been adequately studied. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether their levels are altered in Chinese children with obesity, as well as to determine the correlation of these 2 peptides with each other, with insulin resistance, and with other biochemical parameters. Methods: A total of 156 children were enrolled in this study, including 101 children with obesity and 55 lean controls. Anthropometric parameters and clinical data of all subjects were collected, and circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, leptin, copeptin, and nesfatin-1 levels were measured using ELISA. Results: Serum copeptin and nesfatin-1 levels were significantly elevated in children with obesity and children with insulin resistance compared to control subjects. In addition, nesfatin-1 and copeptin levels were found to be significantly positively correlated with one another by Pearson’s correlation and partial correlation. In multiple regression analysis using nesfatin-1 or copeptin as the dependent parameter, a significant correlation was observed between nesfatin-1 and copeptin, and associations between each of them with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were detected. Conclusion: These novel findings shed light on the possible interplay role of these 2 molecules in obesity-related insulin resistance.

Increased serum nesfatin-1 levels in patients with acromegaly.

Nesfatin-1 was identified as a satiety factor involved in the regulation of metabolism. Altered levels of circulating nesfatin-1 had been observed in a variety of diseases characterized by energy imbalance. However, there was no published data about nesfatin-1 levels in acromegaly.We evaluated serum nesfatin-1 levels in 13 patients with acromegaly at baseline and postoperatively, and in 21 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy subjects.Compared with the healthy subjects, patients with acromegaly had significantly increased levels of serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and growth hormone (GH). Moreover, the acromegaly group had nesfatin-1 levels higher than controls (1.96 ± 0.56 ng/mL vs 0.61 ± 0.10 ng/mL, P = .004). There was a positive correlation of serum nesfatin-1 levels with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.579, P = .038) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.598, P = .031) in patients with acromegaly. While a successful surgery decreased serum GH levels, the serum nesfatin-1 levels did not change in acromegaly (P = .965). At last, we compared serum GH/nesfatin-1 levels with predictive markers for aggressive behaviors in pituitary adenomas. There was no relationship between serum nesfatin-1 levels and tumor's size, Ki-67 index, mutant p53, or MGMT proteins. However, increased serum GH levels were positively correlated with tumors’ size (P = .023) and mutant p53 proteins expression (P = .028).Circulating nesfatin-1 was increased in acromegaly, which was involved in metabolism regulation.

Serum nesfatin in overweight and obese children

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most common children diseases. In present time it is being actively studied the natural hormones role in the pathogenesis of obesity.
 AIMS: To determine the relationship between serum nesfatin level with impaired lipid metabolism in school age children with overweight and obesity.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included children with overweight and obesity (case) and healthy children with normal body mass (control) aged 9 to 15 years. All children were determined by concentration in cholesterol blood and its factions, apoA-1, apoB. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bio Human Nesfatin Enzyme Immunoassay Kit).
 RESULTS: Groups of patients with overweight and obesity (n = 53) and healthy children (n = 31) were comparable by age and sex. In obese children, a significant decrease in the level of nesfatin-1 was revealed compared with the group with normal body weight. In cases of children obesity there is a marked decrease in the concentration of nesfatin-1 in serum, especially expressed in the dyslipidemia presence. The nesfatin-1 level are negatively correlated to BMI and body fat content.
 CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest that along with the known key role of nesfatin in the regulation of eating behavior and appetite, it also affects anthropometric indicators, primarily associated with the accumulation of excess fat mass. Based on the data obtained, nesfatin-1 should be considered as a possible marker for the development of obesity in children.

Metabolic and clinical responses to Bunium Persicum (black caraway) supplementation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. We aimed to determine the metabolic and clinical responses to Bunium Persicum (Black Caraway) supplementation in overweight and obese patients with T2DM.MethodsParticipant recruitment took place in the diabetic clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Zahedan. Due to the eligibility criteria, 60 participants were randomly placed into two groups, namely placebo (n = 30) and BP (n = 30). The supplementation was considered one 1000 mg capsule 2 times /day BP by meals (lunch and dinner) for 8 weeks. Physical activity levels, dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements [weight, height, and waist circumference], glycemic indices [fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FBI)], blood lipids [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)], and serum nesfatin-1 level were determined. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin sensitivity checks index (QUICKI), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were computed.ResultsIn comparison with placebo, BP significantly decreased FBG, HOMA-IR, and BMI (P < 0.05). The differences in the FBI, QUICKI, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, WC, and Nesfatin-1 were not significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionBP supplementation improved serum glucose indices and BMI among overweight and obese T2DM patients. Further trials are needed to confirm results.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20181207041876N1, Registered 18/01/2019, https://irct.ir/trial/35752

Is there any association between low level of serum nesfatin-1 and fibromyalgia syndrome?

Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum level of nesfatin-1 and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) clinical parameters such as pain severity, disease activity, fatigue, emotional state, and sleep quality.Patients and methods Forty-six female patients with FMS (median age 40 years; range, 18 to 53 years) and 46 healthy female controls (median age 36 years; range, 19 to 52 years) were included in the study. Severity of pain, disease activity, fatigue, sleep quality, and emotional status were evaluated by visual analog scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively. Serum nesfatin-1 concentrations (pg/mL) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results There was no significant difference with respect to demographic characteristics between the FMS patients and healthy controls. When clinical parameters were compared, MAF, BDI, BAI, and PSQI scores were significantly higher in FMS patients than controls (p<0.05). Serum nesfatin-1 concentration was significantly lower in patients with FMS (p<0.05). When compared to the FMS patients without anxiety, serum nesfatin-1 concentration was significantly increased in FMS patients with anxiety (p<0.05). Serum nesfatin-1 concentration was positively correlated with BAI scores in patients with FMS (p<0.05).ConclusionLow nesfatin-1 serum levels may contribute to pathological changes in FMS. In addition, nesfatin-1 may also be involved in the mediation of anxiety-related responses in FMS.

Nesfatin-1 Levels Predict Angiographic No-Reflow in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Nesfatin-1 is a novel peptide possessing pleiotropic metabolic effects. No-reflow phenomenon (NR) is a poor prognostic indicator occurring in around 30% of all patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions (pPCI). Inflammation and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of NR. In this study, we investigated the relationship between admission serum nesfatin-1 level, NR and complexity of CAD assessed by SYNTAX-1 (SS-1) and SYNTAX-2 (SS-2) scores in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing pPCI. A total of 174 STEMI patients who underwent pPCI were included in the study and divided into NR (n = 36) and normal flow (n = 138) groups. Serum nesfatin-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventy-eight consecutive age-, gender- and co-morbidity-matched patients undergoing coronary angiography with < 50% stenosis comprised the control group. Nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in the NR group compared to the normal flow and control groups (10.8 ± 6.6 ng/mL vs. 34.9 ± 24 ng/mL vs. 43.6 ± 23.2 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Nesfatin-1 was significantly and inversely correlated with SS-1 and SS-2 scores (r = -0.709 and r = -0.655, respectively, both p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that nesfatin-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.708-0.936, p = 0.004] and glomerular filtration rate (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.892-0.989, p = 0.018) were independently associated with NR. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, nesfatin-1 < 15.21 ng/mL predicted NR with 78.4% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity (area under the curve = 0.809, 95% CI = 0.701-0.918, p < 0.001). Admission nesfatin-1 level is a potent predictor of NR in STEMI patients undergoing pPCI. Additionally, nesfatin-1 has a robust and negative correlation with the complexity of CAD.

Serum nesfatin-1, ghrelin, and lipid levels in adolescents with first episode drug naïve unipolar depression

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental health and emotional disorder that affects children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate serum nesfatin-1, ghrelin, and lipid levels as biological markers of adolescent MDD and their relationship with the severity of depression-anxiety and suicide risk in MDD. Methods:This study included 37 drug naïve adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 who were diagnosed with a first episode MDD according to the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and DSM-V diagnostic criteria. Thirty-three healthy adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 were included as the control group. The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), and Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) were used to evaluate the subjects in the MDD and control groups. In the first stage, serum nesfatin-1, ghrelin, and lipid levels were compared between the adolescents diagnosed with MDD and the control group. Next, the correlations between these levels and the CDI, SCARED, and SPS scores were evaluated. Results: Nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in the MDD group than the control group (p < 0.001) A positive correlation was found between the nesfatin-1 levels and the SPS scores. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate nesfatin-1 levels in adolescent depression, suggesting that nesfatin-1, ghrelin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels can be used as biomarkers in child-adolescent MDD. However, it is evident that further studies with larger samples and post-treatment measurements are needed.

Serum Nesfatin-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study

Background and objective: Nesfatin-1 is a newly described peptide, derived from nucleobindin2. Nesfatin-1 suppresses food intake and it is involved in regulating insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Nesfatin-1 in patients having type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 participants; 64 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (32 males and 32 females) and 26 control subjects (13 males and 13 female). Body mass index, fasting serum level of glucose, fasting serum level of insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were estimated. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Nesfatin-1 level was measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kit. The data was analyzed using Graphpad prism 7.04 for windows. Results: Type 2 diabetes patients aged from 33-78 years and the control group aged from 32-75 years. Nesfatin-1 level in the diabetic group was significantly lower than controls. The median interquartile range (IQR) of Nesfatin-1 was 0.765 (0.4-1.173) in diabetes and 1.02 (0.775-1.458) in controls. The diabetes group has significantly higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance compared with non-diabetics. Serum Nesfatin-1 was correlated negatively with body mass index, fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, glycatedhemoglobin, and homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusion: Serum Nesfatin-1 level is negatively correlated with fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. This association supports the role of Nesfatin-1 in increased insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Serum nesfatin-1 is associated with testosterone and the severity of erectile dysfunction.

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate serum nesfatin-1 concentrations in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Patients with ED were selected from the Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was used to evaluate the severity of ED. Serum nesfatin-1 and gonadal hormone levels, including luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured. The IIEF-5 scores (t=-21.034, p<.001) and nesfatin-1 levels (t=-7.043, p<.001) in patients with ED were significantly lower than in healthy controls. Moreover, patients with ED showed decreased testosterone levels (t=-3.478, p=.001), whereas there were no significant differences in serum levels of FSH (t=-0.088, p=.930) and LH (t=1.114, p=.270) between the two groups. Furthermore, positive relationships were found between serum nesfatin-1 and testosterone concentrations (r=.742, p=.001) and IIEF-5 scores (r=.395, p=.009) in ED patients. Additionally, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under curve for nesfatin-1 was 0.884 with 83.3% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity in discriminating ED patients from healthy controls. The decrease in serum nesfatin-1 level may be related to testosterone and the severity of ED.

Changes in Serum Nesfatin-1 After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy are Associated with Improvements in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious and widespread disease worldwide. Bariatric surgery is one of the treatments for NAFLD. Nesfatin-1 is located in the brain, periphery and plasma. We studied the relationship between nesfatin-1 changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and NAFLD remission.MethodsA total of 29 patients participated in the study, which collected clinical information on the patients and indicators of liver function, hepatic steatosis score and nesfatin-1 level before and after LSG.ResultsThe average BMI of the patients before surgery was 42.63±8.91 kg/m2, and the average BMI was 28.54±5.63 kg/m2 one year after surgery (p < 0.05). One year after LSG, the total weight loss percentage (TWL%) was 32.11±7.10%. The mean value of nesfatin-1 before surgery was 3.04±0.81 ng/mL, and the mean value of nesfatin-1 was 5.52±1.55 ng/mL at one year after surgery (p < 0.05). The average preoperative hepatic steatosis index (HSI) score of the patients was 52.55±9.17, and the average postoperative HSI score was 38.84±5.82 (p < 0.05). Before LSG (p < 0.05, r= −0.81) and 1 year after surgery (p < 0.05, r = −0.58), HSI and nesfatin-1 were significantly negatively correlated. Percentage of increased nesfatin-1 and percentage of decreased HSI showed positive correlation after LSG.ConclusionThere was a negative correlation between HSI and nesfatin-1 before and after LSG, which may suggest that nesfatin-1 plays a role in NAFLD.

The Effect of Smoking on Serum Nesfatin-1 Levels on Women Who are in Follicular Phase: A Pilot Study

The Effect of Smoking on Serum Nesfatin-1 Levels on Women Who are in Follicular Phase: A Pilot Study

Serum levels of nesfatin-1 and irisin in obese children.

Along with the developing technology in the modern age, physical activity had decreased considerably in children and adolescents alike with a concomittant and rapid increase in the prevalence of childhood obsesity. The purpose of the present study is to measure the levels of serum nesfatin-1 and irisin in obese children. The present study was carried out with a total of 62 children, including 32 obese children diagnosed between June 2017 and October 2017 and 30 healthy children. Serum nesfatin-1, irisin, SOD, MDA, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT)), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (P), chromium (Cr), ferritin, and vitamin B12 data were collected for each patient. In our study, mean nesfatin-1 and SOD values of the obesity group were lower than those of the control group (p <0.05, p <0.001), whereas irisin and MDA values were higher than those of the control group (p <0.001). Childhood obesity is still a significant global problem, despite increased social awareness and numerous preventive healthcare interventions. We believe that all the prospective studies to be carried out to evaluate the relationship between obesity-irisin-nesfatin-1 triad, will make positive contributions to treatment of obesity.

Can Nesfatin-1 Predict Hypertension in Obese Children?

Objective:The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing and leads to co-morbidities such as hypertension. However, it is still not clear why some obese individuals are hypertensive and others not. Nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered anorexigenic peptide which also has effects on blood pressure (BP). Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between obesity-related hypertension and Nesfatin-1.Methods:This cross-sectional study comprised 87 obese children. The patients were divided into two groups; hypertensive (n=30) and normotensive (n=57) obese. The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines were used to diagnose hypertension. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting to investigate Nesfatin-1 concentrations. We also evaluated serum trace elements in addition to the routine blood tests.Results:Body mass index (BMI), weight and serum Nesfatin-1 concentrations were higher in the hypertensive group (p=0.002, p=0.001, and p=0.007, respectively). There was no difference between serum zinc levels, but Copper (Cu) levels were significantly lower in the hypertensive group (p=0.248, p=0.007, respectively). There were positive correlations between BP and BMI and weight Z-scores and a negative correlation with Cu. The optimal cut-off value of Nesfatin-1 to predict hypertension was found to be >1.8 ng/mL, with a specificity of 71.9% and a sensitivity of 96.7% [area under the curve=0.703, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.577-0.809; p=0.002]. In multiple logistic regression analysis Nesfatin-1 [Odds ratio (OR)=1.103, 95% CI: 1.039-1.171; p=0.001], Cu (OR=0.947, 95% CI: 0.915-0.979; p=0.001) and BMI for age Z-score (OR=56.277, 95% CI: 5.791-546.907; p=0.001) still remained significant predictors of hypertension.Conclusion:Nesfatin-1 levels are higher and are an independent predictor of hypertension in obese subjects.

Appetite and weight control by Hypericum perforatum and acupuncture added to lifestyle modification: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

IntroductionTo compare the effects of Hypericum perforatum with lifestyle modification and acupuncture for appetite and weight control in obese or overweight patients. MethodsThe planned sample size is 88. Participants in group I will receive electroacupuncture, Hypericum perforatum, and lifestyle modification; group II, electroacupuncture, placebo, and lifestyle modification; group III, sham electroacupuncture, Hypericum perforatum, and lifestyle modification, group IV, sham electroacupuncture, placebo, and lifestyle modification.The primary outcome is change in serum nesfatin-1 level at week 6 comparing to baseline. Secondary outcomes include appetite score and anthropometric indices. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 2, 6, 12 and 24. The statistical analyses will be performed using SAS and SPSS version with a 2-sided P value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. ConclusionsBy implementing placebo for both Hypericum perforatum and acupuncture, this study may help improving the methodology of comparative effectiveness studies of different complementary medicine interventions.

Serum nesfatin-1 levels are higher in obese vs lean adolescents and associate with cardiometabolic dyslipidemia

Serum nesfatin-1 levels are higher in obese vs lean adolescents and associate with cardiometabolic dyslipidemia

Nesfatin 1: a promising biomarker predicting successful reperfusion after coronary artery bypass surgery.

Nesfatin-1 is an antiiflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anorexigenic peptide that has many roles in cardiomyocyte metabolism and viability. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the alterations in serum nesfatin-1 levels of the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operation due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The study included 49 patients (30 men, 19 women) undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were measured from venous blood samples of the patients collected before and three months after the operation. The relationship of nesfatin-1 levels with accompanying conditions was also analyzed. Nesfatin-1 levels at third month, postoperatively, were significantly higher than preoperative nesfatin-1 levels of the patients (41.94±13.90 pg/ml and 27.06±8.01pg/ml, respectively; p<0.001). Both preoperative and postoperative nesfatin-1 levels were negatively correlated with age (p<0.001). The postoperative increase in nesfatin-1 levels was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients (p<0.001). This study revealed that serum nesfatin-1 levels increased significantly in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operation. Nesfatin-1 level may have a role in assessing myocardial perfusion during the follow-up of these patients (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 25).

Increased hip circumference in individuals with metabolic syndrome affects serum nesfatin-1 levels

BackgroundThis case–control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum nesfatin-1 levels and nutritional status and blood parameters in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.MethodsThirty patients (case) diagnosed with metabolic...

May Nesfatin-1 be a Biomarker in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia?

To investigate the diagnostic value of nesfatin-1 in cases of intestinal ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion. An experimental study. The Experimental Animals Laboratory of Bezmialem University, in June 2018. Twenty-one healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 rats each. In group 1: 1-hour intestinal ischemia followed by 5-hour reperfusion was performed. In group 2: rats were subjected to 6-hour intestinal ischemia. In group 3: rats underwent laparotomy and closure without performing any further procedure. Changes in leukocyte count, amylase, blood sugar, LDH, SGOT, CRP, and nesfatin-1 levels were determined. For histopathological examination, a small intestinal sample was taken and preserved in 10% formaldehyde. Nesfatin-1 value in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 3 (p=0.005, and p <0.001 respectively). Nesfatin-1 value in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 3. A significant (r = 0.864/p <0.001) positive correlation was observed between nesfatin-1 value and pathology score. The pathology score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 and group 3 (p <0.001). Serum nesfatin-1 can be a biomarker in acute mesenteric ischemia.

Comments on: Serum nesfatin-1 and galanin concentrations in the adult with metabolic syndrome. Relationships to insulin resistance and obesity.

[No Abstract Available].

The relation of serum nesfatin-1 level with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents: A prospective observational study.

Nesfatin-1, a recently discovered anorexigenic neuropeptide, seems to play an important role in hypothalamic pathways regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of serum nesfatin-1 level with metabolic and anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents.This study prospectively included 78 Korean children and adolescents (42 obese/overweight group and 36 healthy control group). Fasting serum nesfatin-1 was quantitatively assayed by ELISA. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured as metabolic parameters.Serum nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in obese/overweight group than in control group (median 1.4 vs 2.0 ng/mL; P = .003). Pubertal subjects have the lower serum nesfatin-1 level than pre-pubertal subjects (median 1.5 vs 2.6 ng/mL; P = .02). Nesfatin-1 levels negatively correlated with chronological age (r = -0.37; P = .001), BMI (r = -0.33; P = .003), and BMI SDS (r = -0.26; P = .02).In conclusion, our results suggest that serum nesfatin-1 negatively correlated with BMI in children and adolescents. It suggests that nesfatin-1 might have an important role in regulation of food intake in obese children and adolescents.